Greuling v. Breakey

56 A.D.2d 540, 391 N.Y.S.2d 585, 1977 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 10545
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedFebruary 15, 1977
StatusPublished
Cited by21 cases

This text of 56 A.D.2d 540 (Greuling v. Breakey) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Greuling v. Breakey, 56 A.D.2d 540, 391 N.Y.S.2d 585, 1977 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 10545 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1977).

Opinion

Order, Supreme Court, New York County, entered March 3, 1976, which denied defendant-appellant’s motion to compel plaintiff-respondent to provide authorizations to examine and make photostatic copies of the medical records of two physicians who treated plaintiff-respondent, reversed, on the law, and in the exercise of discretion, the motion granted, without costs and without disbursements. Defendant-appellant, Arnold Breakey, M. D. (Breakey), rendered ophthalmological services to plaintiff from November, 1969 to January, 1972. Services included an eye operation which, plaintiff alleges, resulted in multiple injuries to her left eye necessitating a corneal transplant and resulting in a cataract and permanently diminished vision. Plaintiff brought suit. Defendant requested authorization to see the records of two other ophthalmologists who treated plaintiff before, during and after [541]*541the time defendant rendered treatment. Plaintiff failed to supply the requested authorization. On June 24, 1975, defendant formally noticed a demand for these records. Plaintiff did not respond nor take any other action. Over two months later, on September 8, 1975, defendant moved pursuant to CPLR 3124 to compel compliance with the June 24 notice. Plaintiff defended on the ground that CPLR 3121 limits defendant to a physical examination of the plaintiff and a report thereof, and to hospital records. Only in CPLR 3121 does the CPLR provide specific authorization for discovery of physicians’ records. Bronx and New York County, Supreme Court Rules, 22 NYCRR 660.11 (g) allows discovery of the medical reports of doctors who will testify. That provision is not applicable because plaintiff will not call to testify the other physicians she consulted. Plaintiff concludes that CPLR 3121 and 22 NYCRR 660.11 (g) limit the general physician-patient privilege under CPLR 4504 to allow discovery of the physician’s records when the physician will testify at trial, the records are that of a physician selected by the adverse party to perform an examination pursuant to CPLR 3121 (subd [a]), or they are part of a hospital record. The court below agreed and denied discovery; we reverse. A party served with a discovery notice has five days to move for a protective order (CPLR 3122). Where a notice for discovery has not been complied with, a party may proceed under CPLR 3124 to obtain an order to compel disclosure. In the alternative, the party may proceed under CPLR 3126 to, inter alia, preclude certain witnesses from testifying. After defendant moved to compel disclosure under CPLR 3124, plaintiff sought a protective order under CPLR 3122 claiming that defendant’s request for discovery exceeded the boundaries established by CPLR 3121. While plaintiff concedes that its objection was made far beyond the CPLR 3122 time limitation, she asserts CPLR 3103, permitting a court, at any time, on its own initiative to make a protective order concerning any disclosure device, should be invoked. However, in Coffey v Orbachs, Inc. (22 AD2d 317), this court (p 319) came to the opposite conclusion. "If a party elects to ignore a notice for discovery and inspection, he does so at his peril. * * * the court will not countenance a disregard of a notice so served to await motions under CPLR 3124 or CPLR 3126 to obtain relief which properly should have been applied for by seeking a protective order under CPLR 3103. Motions under CPLR 3124 or 3126 cannot be permitted to be diverted into occasions for challenge to the propriety of items in a discovery notice”. Defendants failed to make timely application for a protective order, thereby waiving their rights to one. "Were it not for this waiver which renders the notice unassailable in all its features, we would not require the production of certain documents * * * and would probably restrict the examination in other respects” (Zeif v Zeif, 31 AD2d 625, 626). In Coffey v Orbachs, Inc. (supra), we presumed that the notice for discovery was intended to be impliedly limited by the provisions of CPLR 3101 which make privileged matter, upon objection of a party, unobtainable by discovery. While we cannot emphasize too strongly that a party must proceed under CPLR 3122 to limit discovery, we reserve our authority to provide sua sponte a protective order under CPLR 3103 in rare cases involving overriding public policy issues. However, the case sub judice does not fall into that very narrow category. Discovery is allowed of reports and records material and necessary for the presentation or defense of an action (CPLR 3101; Allen v Crowell-Collier Pub. Co., 21 NY2d 403). Accordingly, a party should not be permitted to assert a physical condition in seeking damages and at the same time assert the physician-patient privilege to prevent the other party from ascertaining the truth of the claim (Koump v [542]*542Smith, 25 NY2d 287). In a medical malpractice case brought for failure to diagnose and treat a cardiac condition and failure to take an electrocardiogram, the Second Department allowed discovery of an electrocardiogram of plaintiff taken by a physician other than defendant (Josephs v Oliver, 48 AD2d 688). However, that same court, in Vaupel v Church Charity Foundation of Long Is. (49 AD2d 932), in a 3 to 2 decision, refused to compel disclosure of reports of two psychiatrists and a psychologist who treated plaintiff but who would not be called by plaintiff to testify at trial. The majority found the prohibition of testimony of a physician sufficient penalty where medical reports have not been provided the other party. The dissenters, relying upon CPLR 3101 and Allen v Crowell-Collier Pub. Co. (supra), voted to direct plaintiffs to deliver authorizations to defendant allowing him to obtain copies of any medical reports and office records made by the other physicians. The dissent stated that the intent of Second Department rule 22 NYCRR 672.8 (to the same effect as 22 NYCRR 660.11 [g]) is "to penalize a party who refuses to serve medical reports and records, not his opponent, and it therefore does not preclude discovery in the circumstances disclosed herein.” We agree with the dissent in Vaupel. To preclude plaintiff from calling as witnesses physicians who treated her would allow a plaintiff to use the physician-patient privilege as a sword rather than as a shield. "The legislature did not intend to continue the privilege when there was no reason for its continuance and it would simply be an obstruction to public justice” (People v Bloom, 193 NY 1, 10). Nor was it the intent of the Legislature to allow a party to frustrate disclosure of material and necessary medical records by the simple expedient of not calling as witnesses treating physicians whose testimony may well be detrimental to the patient’s claims. By commencing the action plaintiff put in controversy her physical condition; she cannot now limit that controversy to the medical records she wishes disclosed. Concur—Birns, Lane and Nunez, JJ.; Lupiano, J. P., dissents in the following memorandum: Study of the record discloses that defendant moved by notice of motion dated September 8, 1975 "for an order pursuant to CPLR 3124, compelling the plaintiff to comply with a notice served pursuant to CPLR 3121” (emphasis supplied). In his affirmation in support of the motion, defendant’s counsel stated that his client in this action for medical malpractice sought "compliance by the plaintiff with the Notice served pursuant to CPLR 3121”. By letter dated June 2, 1975 addressed to plaintiff’s counsel, defense counsel requested that the missive "serve as a formal demand” for "authorization to see the records of Arthur G.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Seog Yoon v. L&L Holding Co., LLC
2025 NY Slip Op 30449(U) (New York Supreme Court, New York County, 2025)
Pagan v. St. John's Preparatory School
169 Misc. 2d 248 (New York Supreme Court, 1996)
Daguaro v. Bratke
145 Misc. 2d 904 (Civil Court of the City of New York, 1989)
Peritz v. Kaye
140 Misc. 2d 224 (Civil Court of the City of New York, 1988)
Holland v. Presbyterian Hospital
122 A.D.2d 750 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1986)
Moreno v. Greater New York Dental Administrators, Inc.
120 A.D.2d 343 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1986)
Neglio v. Adler
101 A.D.2d 771 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1984)
Town of East Greenbush v. Ashland Chemical Co.
99 A.D.2d 604 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1984)
Frazier v. Alphonso
86 A.D.2d 945 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1982)
Hoenig v. Westphal
422 N.E.2d 491 (New York Court of Appeals, 1981)
Calhoun v. Pickett
77 A.D.2d 776 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1980)
Ricciuti v. Town of Schaghticoke
104 Misc. 2d 577 (New York Supreme Court, 1980)
Brewer v. Jamaica Hospital
73 A.D.2d 851 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1980)
Blake v. Wyckoff Heights Hospital
68 A.D.2d 896 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1979)
Kaza v. Gardner
65 A.D.2d 958 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1978)
Baker v. Younts
96 Misc. 2d 132 (New York Supreme Court, 1978)
Pantaleo v. Sacca
64 A.D.2d 696 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1978)
Lebowitz v. Cinberg
94 Misc. 2d 872 (New York Supreme Court, 1978)
Matos v. St. John's Episcopal Hospital
60 A.D.2d 909 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1978)
Myers v. Schneider
59 A.D.2d 736 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1977)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
56 A.D.2d 540, 391 N.Y.S.2d 585, 1977 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 10545, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/greuling-v-breakey-nyappdiv-1977.