Gaster v. Gaster

703 A.2d 513, 1997 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3706, 1997 WL 733917
CourtSuperior Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedNovember 25, 1997
DocketCivil No. 123 S 1992
StatusPublished
Cited by18 cases

This text of 703 A.2d 513 (Gaster v. Gaster) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gaster v. Gaster, 703 A.2d 513, 1997 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3706, 1997 WL 733917 (Pa. Ct. App. 1997).

Opinion

CIRILLO, President Judge Emeritus:

Appellant Edwin S. Gaster (Father) appeals from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County requiring him to pay college support for the parties’ oldest daughter, Cybil.

On August 4,1992, Edwin and Mary Gaster (Mother) were divorced. One month prior to the divorce, the Gasters had entered into a separation and property settlement agreement. That agreement was incorporated, but not merged, into the divorce decree. The agreement provides in relevant part:

Should any of the children seek higher education beyond the high school level, [Father] agrees to assist payment [sic] of such higher educational expenses. Both parties shall contribute to the children’s college expenses considering their respective financial abilities and the aptitude of the children.
The parties shall confer with each other with regard to the nature and extent of the formal education of the children. Both parties shall be involved with their children in choosing a college/university or trade school.
Property Settlement Agreement, ¶ 12.

Father faded to contribute to college support for Cybil. Mother filed a petition for contempt. Father filed a counter-petition for contempt, alleging that Mother, too, had violated the agreement by excluding him from participating in Cybil’s college choice.

The court held a hearing on the contempt petitions. After the hearing, the court entered the following order:

1. Edwin S. Gaster is obligated to pay child support for Cybil in the amount of $5,370.00 per year for the 1995-96 college year, payable on or before June 1, 1996.
2. Edwin S. Gaster is obligated to pay child support for Cybil for the 1996-97 college year in the amount of $5,351.92 in monthly installments of $446.00, commencing July 1,1996.

Father appealed to this court, and presents three issues for our review:

1. Should a father be compelled to contribute to the college expenses of his daughter, purportedly pursuant to a provision in a post-marital agreement, when that provision has absolutely no scheme to calculate the obligation, and the daughter consistently treated the father with disdain and disrespect for at least three years prior to her entry into college (regardless of whether the daughter’s shameful conduct rose to the level of “estrangement”), when the daughter and her mother completely excluded the father from meaningful participation in the daughter’s choice of a college, in violation of the same provision that the mother and daughter seek to enforce, when the provision at issue is now clearly against the public policy of Pennsylvania after the Supreme Court’s decision in Curtis v. Kline, and when the daughter has chosen an out-of-state university with exorbitant tuition, while Penn State University offers the same major and through which the daughter can get a 75% discount on tuition because the mother is an employee of Penn State University?
2. Even if the provision described above is enforceable, did the trial court correctly calculate the father’s income, when the trial court chose to ignore a Schedule C business loss, and all of the father’s 1994 federal income tax return (the most recent return available at the time of the hearing), except for the father’s salary as an employee of the United States Postal Service?
3. Even if the provision at issue is enforceable, and even if the income was calculated correctly, does there exist in this record sufficient valid basis for any order at all, when the trial court improperly relied upon hearsay testimony and speculation to determine purported college costs, when the trial court allowed evidence of the daughter’s progress at college, which is irrelevant under Pennsylvania law, when the trial court did not allow the father to testify about an open court statement that the daughter had made regarding the father’s religion (a critical piece of evidence [515]*515in showing the estrangement or strained relations between the father and daughter), when the trial court allowed irrelevant evidence of the father’s “opinion” of Penn State and of college in general, when the trial court questioned the father directly, pressuring him into a “conference” with the daughter, then followed up by asking the father what his “offer” was, when the trial court accepted evidence of the daughter’s living conditions (an irrelevant consideration under Pennsylvania law) and when the trial court allowed the daughter to testify about the feasibility of credits transferring from the expensive college that she has chosen, which evidence was both irrelevant and was clearly hearsay and speculation?

We do not reach these issues because we find it necessary to quash this appeal.

In Sonder v. Sonder, 378 Pa.Super. 474, 549 A.2d 155, (1988) (en banc), this court explained the distinction between a court order entered pursuant to statute and agreements entered into between parties (typically known as property settlement agreements or separation agreements) and the enforcement measures available under each:

A support or alimony order is a creature of statute and an incident of the marriage which is enforceable by operation of law... .Proceedings relative to such orders contain due process requirements, eviden-tiary findings and involve scrutiny by the court as to their validity, subject to appellate review. In return for this closely proscribed [sic] legal proceeding with its attendant safeguards and judicial findings, the legislature has extended the powers to bring about compliance by granting courts the right to attach property and wages and to incarcerate willfully delinquent obli-gors_ Were we to make the enforcement of support agreements equivalent to the enforcement of support or alimony orders, then the full panoply of enforcement means would become available, including jailing for contempt. Thus, a person could be jailed on an obligation which never passed the due process accorded to court orders and is not subject to constant review for modification for change of circumstances or ability to pay.

Id. at 487-88, 549 A.2d at 162, quoting Hollman v. Hollman, 347 Pa.Super. 289, 299-300, 500 A.2d 837, 842-43 (1985), rev’d and remanded on other grounds, 515 Pa. 288, 528 A2d 146 (1987).

The Sonder court emphasized that “there has never been any intent to foster an interpretation of the law whereby contracts and statutory provisions may be applied interchangeably or the non-modifiability of contract be engrafted on a support Order[.]” Id. at 489, 549 A.2d at 163. Rather, the court stated, “the contrary is quite evident.” Id., citing Silvestri v. Slatowski, 423 Pa. 498, 224 A.2d 212 (1966); Colburn v. Colburn, 279 Pa. 249, 123 A. 775 (1924); Borrell v. Borrell, 346 Pa.Super. 1, 498 A.2d 1339 (1985); Millstein v. Millstein, 311 Pa.Super. 495, 457 A.2d 1291 (1983); Brown v. Hall, 495 Pa. 635, 435 A.2d 859 (1981). See also Bullock v. Bullock, 432 Pa.Super.

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Bluebook (online)
703 A.2d 513, 1997 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3706, 1997 WL 733917, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gaster-v-gaster-pasuperct-1997.