Frey v. Frey

2015 Ohio 4622

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: November 9, 2015
• Docket: 5-15-11
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Frey v. Frey, 2015-Ohio-4622.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT HANCOCK COUNTY

RICK J. FREY,

PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 5-15-11

v.

KIMBERLY S. FREY, NKA KIMBERLY S. NIGH, OPINION

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

Appeal from Hancock County Common Pleas Court Trial Court No. 2001-DR-287

Judgment Reversed and Cause Remanded

Date of Decision: November 9, 2015

APPEARANCES:

William E. Clark for Appellant Case No. 5-15-11

PRESTON, J.

{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Kimberly Frey, n.k.a. Kimberly Nigh,

(“Kimberly”), appeals the March 23, 2015 judgment entry of the Hancock County

Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, granting plaintiff-

appellee’s, Rick Frey (“Rick”), motion for a modification of Kimberly’s child

support obligations. We reverse.

{¶2} The facts relevant to this appeal are as follows. Kimberly and Rick

divorced in May 2002. Frey v. Frey, 197 Ohio App.3d 273, 2011-Ohio-6012, ¶ 2

(3d Dist.). Three children were born from the marriage—Ashley Frey (“Ashley”),

Austin Frey (“Austin”), and Chelsea Frey (“Chelsea”) (collectively, the

“children”). Frey v. Frey, 3d Dist. Hancock No. 5-09-11, 2009-Ohio-5275, ¶ 2.

After a number of modifications,1 the trial court adopted a consent entry on

August 4, 2010 regarding Kimberly’s child support obligations:

1. All monies held in escrow by the Child Support Enforcement

Agency shall be released immediately to the Father, Rick Frey.

2. The Father’s current Child Support withholding shall be

terminated immediately.

1 See Frey, 197 Ohio App.3d 273, 2011-Ohio-6012, at ¶ 2-12.

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3. The Mother, Kimberly Nigh, shall pay a lump sum to the

Father, Rick Frey, in the amount of $1,000.00, to be paid

immediately.

4. After the termination of the Father’s Child Support obligation

and upon receipt of the lump sum herein, Mother will owe

$9,823.00 to Father for the overpayment of Child Support.

5. Mother shall pay child support to Father in the amount of

$356.57 per month, effective as of January 1, 2010. In

addition, Mother shall pay Father $72.00 per month towards the

overpayment she received. In addition, Mother shall pay any

processing fees in accordance with the Ohio Revised Code. All

payments, including processing fee[s] at the legal rate shall be

payable through the Ohio Office of Child Support. A copy of

the Child Support calculations is attached hereto.

6. Mother shall immediately establish an account with a financial

institution under the jurisdiction of the court and maintain in

that account funds sufficient to satisfy her child support

obligation set forth herein. Mother shall provide the Hancock

County Child Support Enforcement Agency information

regarding the account and shall take whatever steps necessary

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for child support payments to be automatically withdrawn from

said account.

7. The Mother shall be subject to seek a work order [sic].

8. Court costs shall be divided equally between the parties.

(Doc. No. 284); Frey, 197 Ohio App.3d 273, 2011-Ohio-6012, at ¶ 13.

{¶3} On December 18, 2014, Rick filed a “Motion for Modification of

Support Obligations” requesting that the trial court order Kimberly to pay $400 in

child support because Rick was injured in a workplace accident and cannot work

and to pay, “instead of Medicaid,” the children’s health insurance. (Doc. No.

328). After a hearing on February 13, 2015, the trial court filed its entry on March

23, 2015 concluding that there was “a change of circumstance[s] * * * substantial

enough to require modification of the prior child support amount pursuant to

[R.C.] 3119.79.” (Doc. No. 344); (Feb. 13, 2015 Tr. at 1). The trial court ordered

Kimberly to provide health insurance for Austin and Chelsea; “to seek full-time

employment and report her efforts in writing to the Hancock County Child

Support Enforcement agency”; and to pay child support in the amount of $281.08

per month as of December 1, 2014. (Doc. No. 344).

{¶4} Kimberly filed her notice of appeal on April 13, 2015. (Doc. No.

347). She raises four assignments of error for our review. Because it is

dispositive, we address only Kimberly’s first assignment of error.

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Assignment of Error No. I

The Trial Court Erred and Abused its Discretion When it Modified Appellant’s Child Support Obligation.

{¶5} In her first assignment of error, Kimberly argues that the trial court

abused its discretion by granting Rick’s motion to modify Kimberly’s child

support obligations. Specifically, she argues that Rick did not provide R.C.

3119.05(A)-quality documentation of his income to warrant a

change-of-circumstances finding to justify modifying Kimberly’s child support

obligations.

{¶6} We review a trial court’s ruling on a child support modification

request for an abuse of discretion because trial courts are vested with broad

discretion in deciding whether to modify a child support order. Montgomery v.

Montgomery, 3d Dist. Union No. 14-14-22, 2015-Ohio-2976, ¶ 24, citing Brose v.

Copeland, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-13-08, 2013-Ohio-3399, ¶ 11 and Pauly v.

Pauly, 80 Ohio St.3d 386, 390 (1997). “A trial court abuses its discretion when its

decision is contrary to law, unreasonable, not supported by the evidence, or

grossly unsound.” Id., citing Brose at ¶ 11, citing State v. Boles, 2d Dist.

Montgomery No. 23037, 2010-Ohio-278, ¶ 17-18. “In applying the abuse of

discretion standard, a reviewing court may not simply substitute its own judgment

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for that of the trial court.” Id., citing Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217,

219 (1983).

{¶7} R.C. 3119.79 governs the modification of child support orders and

provides, in pertinent part:

(A) If an obligor or obligee under a child support order requests

that the court modify the amount of support required to be paid

pursuant to the child support order, the court shall recalculate

the amount of support that would be required to be paid under

the child support order in accordance with the schedule and the

applicable worksheet through the line establishing the actual

annual obligation. If that amount as recalculated is more than

ten per cent greater than or more than ten per cent less than the

amount of child support required to be paid pursuant to the

existing child support order, the deviation from the recalculated

amount that would be required to be paid under the schedule

and the applicable worksheet shall be considered by the court

as a change of circumstance substantial enough to require a

modification of the child support amount.

***

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(C) If the court determines that the amount of child support

required to be paid under the child support order should be

changed due to a substantial change of circumstances that was

not contemplated at the time of the issuance of the original

child support order or the last modification of the child support

order, the court shall modify the amount of child support

required to be paid under the child support order to comply

with the schedule and the applicable worksheet through the line

establishing the actual annual obligation, unless the court

determines that the amount calculated pursuant to the basic

child support schedule and pursuant to the applicable worksheet

would be unjust or inappropriate and would not be in the best

interest of the child and enters in the journal the figure,

determination, and findings specified in section 3119.22 of the

Revised Code.

R.C. 3119.79(A), (C).

{¶8} This court previously concluded that “where the original child support

order resulted from the parties’ voluntary agreement, R.C. 3119.79(A) must be

read in conjunction with R.C. 3119.79(C) to appropriately determine whether a

modification of the order is proper.” Montgomery at ¶ 26, citing Adams v. Adams,

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3d Dist. Union No. 14-13-01, 2013-Ohio-2947, ¶ 16. Therefore, because

Kimberly and Rick voluntarily agreed that Kimberly would pay Rick $356.57 per

month in child support under the August 4, 2010 consent judgment, the trial court

“‘must find both (1) a [substantial] change of circumstances, and (2) that such

change in circumstance “was not contemplated at the time of the issuance of the

child support order.”’” Id., quoting Bonner v. Bonner, 3d Dist. Union No. 14-05-

26, 2005-Ohio-6173, ¶ 11, quoting R.C. 3119.79(C).

{¶9} “‘A court may only modify an existing child support order if there is a

substantial change of circumstances.’” Brose, 2013-Ohio-3399, at ¶ 12, quoting

Green v. Tarkington, 3d Dist. Mercer No. 10-10-02, 2010-Ohio-2165, ¶ 13. “The

requisite change in circumstances exists wherever the newly calculated ‘child

support amount deviates from the existing order by at least ten percent.’” Id.,

quoting Green at ¶ 13 and Fox v. Fox, 3d Dist. Hancock No. 5-03-42, 2004-Ohio-

3344, ¶ 13 (“A difference of ten per cent from the amount of the current child

support order constitutes a ‘change of circumstances’ that requires the court to

modify the child support order.”). “The burden of proving a change in

circumstances under R.C. 3119.79 rests on the party requesting the modification of

the child support order.” Id., citing Maguire v. Maguire, 9th Dist. Summit No.

23581, 2007-Ohio-4531, ¶ 14.

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{¶10} “When considering whether a change in circumstances exists so as to

merit a modified child support order, a trial court must determine each parent’s

income.” (Emphasis sic.) Id. at ¶ 13, citing Drummer v. Drummer, 3d Dist.

Putnam No. 12-11-10, 2012-Ohio-3064, ¶ 24. “This determination necessarily

implicates R.C. 3119.05(A), which requires that, in child support modification

proceedings, trial courts verify both parents’ incomes ‘by electronic means or with

suitable documents, including, but not limited to, pay stubs, employer statements,

receipts and expense vouchers related to self-generated income, tax returns, and all

supporting documentation and schedules for tax returns.’” Id., quoting R.C.

3119.05(A). To prove their current income, “‘a parent must exactly adhere to this

requirement * * * by presenting those documents listed in R.C. 3119.05(A).’” Id.,

quoting Ornelas v. Ornelas, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2011-08-094, 2012-Ohio-

4106, ¶ 23, citing Ellis v. Ellis, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 08-MA-133, 2009-Ohio-

4964, ¶ 60 (“[P]ursuant to R.C. 3119.05(A) a trial court is restrained to review

documents, not testimony, to establish income.”); Ostmann v. Ostmann, 168 Ohio

App.3d 59, 2006-Ohio-3617, ¶ 53 (9th Dist.).

{¶11} “Further, the failure to comply with R.C. 3119.05(A) precludes a

movant from obtaining a modified child support order” because the “‘“[f]ailure to

obtain the necessary financial information renders the court’s order arbitrary and

therefore an abuse of discretion.’” Brose at ¶ 14; Montgomery, 2015-Ohio-2976,

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at ¶ 37, quoting Basham v. Basham, 3d Dist. Allen No. 1-02-37, 2002-Ohio-4694,

¶ 6, quoting Aiello v. Aiello, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-96-12, 1996 WL 517351, *2

(Sept. 11, 1996).

{¶12} If a change of circumstances is established, the trial court must then

determine whether that change of circumstances was contemplated at the time of

the issuance of the child support order. See Adams v. Adams, 3d Dist. Union No.

14-12-03, 2012-Ohio-5131, ¶ 30, citing Bonner, 2005-Ohio-6173, at ¶ 11.

{¶13} The trial court abused its discretion in granting Rick’s motion to

modify Kimberly’s child support obligations because Rick failed to sustain his

burden under R.C. 3119.79 that there is a change in circumstances related to his

income since he did not provide any R.C. 3119.05(A)-quality evidence of his

reduced income. Rick filed a motion requesting that the trial court modify

Kimberly’s child support obligation because his income was reduced after he was

injured in a workplace accident. At the hearing, Rick testified that he is unable to

work after sustaining a workplace injury and is receiving $242 per week in

workers’ compensation benefits. (Feb. 13, 2015 Tr. at 12). He testified that, at the

time he entered the consent decree with Kimberly regarding her child support

obligations, he “was making around an average of about [$]2,200 to [$]2,400 a

month.” (Id. at 12-13). Rick testified that he did not bring any documentation of

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his workers’ compensation benefits other than his “workers [sic] card number.”

(Id. at 17-18).

{¶14} The trial court concluded that there was a change of circumstances

and modified Kimberly’s child support obligations based on Rick’s testimony that

he was receiving $242 per week in workers’ compensation benefits as income. As

we stated in Montgomery, “The statute and the case law interpreting it require

more than testimony to satisfy the burden of proof.” Montgomery, 2015-Ohio-

2976, at ¶ 48. As such, Rick’s testimony alone is insufficient to establish a change

of circumstances related to his income. Id. at ¶ 51, citing Basham, 2002-Ohio-

4694, at ¶ 7-8, Brose, 2013-Ohio-3399, at ¶ 15-17, and Ornelas, 2012-Ohio-4106,

at ¶ 25. Because Rick’s testimony alone is insufficient to establish a change of

circumstances related to his income, whether his income deviated by 10 percent

from the existing child support order cannot be established. Accordingly, a

change in circumstances cannot be established to warrant a modification of

Kimberly’s child support obligations. Therefore, the trial court’s order modifying

Kimberly’s child support obligations is arbitrary and an abuse of discretion.

{¶15} Because we conclude that the trial court improperly found that there

was a change of circumstances, we need not determine the second prong of the

R.C. 3119.79-child-support-modification test—whether that change was

contemplated at the time of the issuance of the child support order.

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{¶16} Thus, we have no choice but to sustain Kimberly’s first assignment

of error.

Assignment of Error No. II

The Trial Court Erred and Abused its Discretion When the Judge Acted as an Advocate for the Pro Se Party.

Assignment of Error No. III

The Trial Court Erred and Abused its Discretion When it Imposed on Appellant an Order to Seek Full Time Employment and Report Her Efforts in Writing to the Hancock County Child Support Enforcement Agency.

Assignment of Error No. IV

The Trial Court Erred and Abused its Discretion When it Ordered Appellant to Provide Health Insurance Without Assuring that it Could be Provided at a Reasonable Cost.

{¶17} In her second, third, and fourth assignments of error, Kimberly

argues that the trial court abused its discretion by acting as an advocate for a pro se

party, by ordering her to seek full-time employment, and by ordering her to

provide health insurance for Austin and Chelsea.

{¶18} Because we determined in Kimberly’s first assignment of error that

the trial court abused its discretion in modifying Kimberly’s child support

obligations, Kimberly’s second, third, and fourth assignments of error are rendered

moot, and we decline to address them. See Adams, 2013-Ohio-2947, at ¶ 21,

citing App.R. 12(A)(1)(c).

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{¶19} Having found error prejudicial to the appellant herein in the

particulars assigned and argued, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and

remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

ROGERS, P.J. and WILLAMOWSKI, J., concur.

/jlr

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