Derousse v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co.

298 S.W.3d 891, 2009 Mo. LEXIS 542, 2009 WL 4642379
CourtSupreme Court of Missouri
DecidedDecember 8, 2009
DocketSC 90093
StatusPublished
Cited by30 cases

This text of 298 S.W.3d 891 (Derousse v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Missouri primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Derousse v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 298 S.W.3d 891, 2009 Mo. LEXIS 542, 2009 WL 4642379 (Mo. 2009).

Opinions

MARY R. RUSSELL, Judge.

At issue in this case is whether an insurer wrongly was granted summary judgment when its policy failed to provide uninsured motorist coverage for nonphysical injuries. This Court finds that Mis[893]*893souri’s uninsured motorist statute, section 379.203.1, RSMo 2000,1 requires coverage of all bodily injury, sickness, and disease. The trial court’s entry of summary judgment is reversed, and the cause is remanded.

I. Background

A body was ejected from an uninsured motorist’s vehicle during a crash and landed on the hood of Debra Derousse’s (Claimant) vehicle as she was driving down the highway. The body hit the windshield, rolled off of the hood, and went under the car. When Claimant was able to stop her car, she saw the body lying by her driver’s side door and realized that she knew the victim.

Claimant was not physically injured and refused medical treatment at the scene. On arriving home, however, she threw up. She called her doctor and was prescribed Valium and Lexapro. In the following weeks, Claimant suffered nightmares, migraines, nausea, diarrhea, anxiety, and headaches, as well as vomiting and backaches. She eventually sought treatment from three therapists.

Claimant sought coverage for her emotional distress damages by making an uninsured motorist claim under her insurance policy with State Farm (Insurer). Her insurance policy provided uninsured motorist coverage for “damages for bodily injury,” and the policy defined “bodily injury” as “bodily injury to a person and sickness, disease or death which results from it.” Insurer denied Claimant’s claim, interpreting its policy as not providing uninsured motorist coverage for her damages.

Claimant sued for coverage. Her petition claimed she suffered “injuries to her head, anxiety attacks, including nightmares, and severe emotional and mental distress.” Because she admits that she was not physically injured at the time of the accident, her allegation that she suffered “injuries to her head” perhaps was intended as an allegation of mental or emotional harm.2

Insurer moved for summary judgment, which was granted in its favor. The trial court determined that Claimant had conceded she suffered no physical injuries, only emotional and mental distress. It concluded that her uninsured motorist coverage for “bodily injury” did not encompass coverage for “injuries solely of an emotional nature.”

Claimant appeals, arguing that summary judgment was entered wrongly because (1) she sustained injuries covered by her policy; (2) her policy is ambiguous as to its coverage for emotional distress; and (3) her policy violates Missouri law.3

II. Standards of Review

Appellate review of summary judgment is de novo. ITT Commercial Fin. Corp. v. Mid-Am. Marine Supply Corp., 854 S.W.2d 371, 376 (Mo. banc 1993). Summary judgment is appropriate where the moving party has demonstrated, on the basis of facts as to which there is no genuine dispute, a right to judgment as a matter of law. Id. This Court reviews the record in the light most favorable to the [894]*894party against whom judgment was entered. Id, Summary judgment is not appropriate where there is a genuine issue in dispute, which is shown when the record contains two plausible but contradictory accounts of essential facts and the dispute is real, not merely argumentative, imaginary, or frivolous. Id. at 382.

This Court’s review of insurance policy language is a question of law requiring de novo review. Jones v. Midr-Century Ins. Co., 287 S.W.3d 687, 690 (Mo. banc 2009). An unambiguous policy will be enforced as written, absent a public policy to the contrary. Krombach v. Mayflower Ins. Co., Ltd., 827 S.W.2d 208, 210 (Mo. banc 1992). An insurance policy that contravenes a statute or public policy requiring coverage cannot be enforced. See Rodriguez v. Gen. Acc. Ins. Co. of Am., 808 S.W.2d 379, 382 (Mo. banc 1991).

III. Was Summary Judgment Wrongly Entered?

The paramount issue in this case is whether Insurer wrongly was granted summary judgment because its policy contravenes the requirements of section 379.203.1 by failing to provide uninsured motorist coverage for Claimant’s damages.

Claimant’s policy providing uninsured motorist coverage states in relevant part:

We will pay damages for bodily injury an insured is legally entitled to collect from the owner or driver of an uninsured motor vehicle. The bodily injury must be sustained by an insured and caused by [an] accident arising out of the operation, maintenance or use of an uninsured motor vehicle.

The policy also provides: “Bodily Injury — means bodily injury to a person and sickness, disease or death which results from it.”

Insurer insists that uninsured motorist coverage under its policy requires physical “bodily injury” and that purely emotional damages are not covered. Claimant, however, asserts that her damages are com-pensable because section 379.203.1 does not limit uninsured motorist coverage to physical injuries.

Section 379.203.1 provides in relevant part:

No automobile liability insurance covering liability arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of any motor vehicle shall be delivered or issued for delivery in this state with respect to any motor vehicle registered or principally garaged in this state unless coverage is provided ... for the protection of persons insured thereunder who are legally entitled to recover damages from owners or operators of uninsured motor vehicles because of bodily injury, sickness or disease, including death, resulting therefrom. Such legal entitlement exists although the identity of the owner or operator of the motor vehicle cannot be established because such owner or operator and the motor vehicle departed the scene of the occurrence occasioning such bodily injury, sickness or disease, including death, before identification.

Section 379.203.1 (emphasis added).

Insurer’s counsel conceded at oral argument that its policy language is not as broad as the statutory coverage language in section 379.203.1, though counsel also maintained that the “bodily injury” language in both the statute and the policy provides no coverage for Claimant’s emotional harm. Because the policy’s language is less broad than section 379.203.1’s coverage language, however, the broader language of section 379.203.1 must control Claimant’s case. See Rodriguez, 808 S.W.2d at 382 (stating that policy language [895]*895contravening a statute is unenforceable); Ragsdale v. Armstrong, 916 S.W.2d 783, 785 (Mo.

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Bluebook (online)
298 S.W.3d 891, 2009 Mo. LEXIS 542, 2009 WL 4642379, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/derousse-v-state-farm-mutual-automobile-insurance-co-mo-2009.