DDK v. State

750 N.E.2d 885, 2001 WL 755786
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedJuly 6, 2001
Docket20A03-0101-JV-18
StatusPublished

This text of 750 N.E.2d 885 (DDK v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
DDK v. State, 750 N.E.2d 885, 2001 WL 755786 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001).

Opinion

750 N.E.2d 885 (2001)

D.D.K., Appellant-Respondent,
v.
STATE of Indiana, Appellee-Petitioner.

No. 20A03-0101-JV-18.

Court of Appeals of Indiana.

July 6, 2001.

*887 Nancy A. McCaslin, McCaslin & McCaslin, Elkhart, IN, Attorney for Appellant.

Steve Carter, Attorney General of Indiana, Robin Hodapp-Gillman, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellee.

*886 OPINION

KIRSCH, Judge.

D.D.K. appeals an adjudication finding him to be a delinquent child for committing battery,[1] an act which would be a Class A misdemeanor if committed by an adult. D.D.K. raises two issues for our review:

I. Whether the trial court erred in excluding particular witness testimony.
II. Whether D.D.K. received ineffective assistance of counsel.

We affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

The facts most favorable to the court's delinquency determination are that on June 3, 1999, R.B. was walking home from West Side Middle School in Elkhart, Indiana, with his stepbrother and stepsister, when the three encountered a group of students, including D.D.K. Because of a prior confrontation between D.D.K. and R.B., R.B.'s stepbrother and stepsister ran into a nearby drug store, while R.B. fled on foot. When R.B. eventually stopped, D.D.K. and several other students crowded around him, while still others observed from across the street. D.D.K. struck R.B. in the jaw knocking him to the sidewalk. One or more of the students surrounding R.B. continued to punch and kick him, until authorities were called and an ambulance took R.B. to the hospital.

The State filed a petition charging D.D.K. with Class A misdemeanor battery. D.D.K. denied the allegations and the court scheduled a denial hearing for August 18, 1999. As required by local rule, D.D.K. filed a witness list ten days before the hearing. On August 16, D.D.K. filed a supplemental witness list identifying his aunt and mother as additional defense witnesses.

When defense counsel called D.D.K.'s aunt to testify at the hearing, the State objected on the basis that the defense had not disclosed her as a witness ten days prior to trial as required by local rule. The trial court agreed and excluded the testimony of both D.D.K.'s aunt and mother for failure to timely disclose them as witnesses. During the exchange between counsel and the court, the State noted that it further objected to the testimony of both the aunt and mother, whose testimony was intended to show that D.D.K. was not present at the brawl, because D.D.K. did not file a notice of alibi defense as required by statute.

The trial court issued an order finding that D.D.K. committed the offense as charged and later entered a dispositional order that adjudicated D.D.K. a delinquent. D.D.K. now appeals.

*888 DISCUSSION AND DECISION

I. Exclusion of Witnesses

D.D.K. contends that the trial court erred in excluding the testimony of his mother and aunt for his failure to comply with the local rule concerning disclosure of witnesses. See Elkhart County Local Trial Rule 13. Trial courts in the State of Indiana may establish rules for their own governance, so long as the rules are not inconsistent with rules prescribed by the Indiana Supreme Court or by statute. IC 34-8-1-4; Ind. Trial Rule 81. Generally, these rules are procedural and are intended to standardize the practice within that court, to facilitate the effective flow of information, and to enable the court to rule on the merits of the case. Meredith v. State, 679 N.E.2d 1309, 1310 (Ind.1997). It is true that once made, all litigants and the court are bound by the rules of the court; however, a court should not blindly adhere to all its rules. Id. at 1311.

"`Although our procedural rules are extremely important, it must be kept in mind that they are merely a means for achieving the ultimate end of orderly and speedy justice. We must examine our technical rules closely when it appears that invoking them would defeat justice; otherwise we become slaves to the technicalities themselves and they acquire the position of being the ends instead of the means.'"

Id. (quoting American States Ins. Co. v. State ex rel. Jennings, 258 Ind. 637, 640, 283 N.E.2d 529, 531 (1972)).

Trial courts retain the discretion to exclude a belatedly disclosed witness when there is evidence of bad faith on the part of counsel or a showing of substantial prejudice to the State. Williams v. State, 714 N.E.2d 644, 651 (Ind.1999), cert. denied 528 U.S. 1170, 120 S.Ct. 1195, 145 L.Ed.2d 1099 (2000); Cook v. State, 675 N.E.2d 687, 691 (Ind.1996); Wiseheart v. State, 491 N.E.2d 985, 991 (Ind.1986) (most extreme sanction of witness exclusion should not be employed unless defendant's breach has been purposeful or intentional or unless substantial or irreparable prejudice would result to State). In light of a defendant's right to compulsory process under the federal and state constitutions, there is a strong presumption to allow the testimony of even belatedly-disclosed witnesses. Williams, 714 N.E.2d at 651 (citing U.S. CONST. amend. 6; IND. CONST. Art. I, § 13). Generally, a continuance rather than exclusion is the appropriate remedy in this situation. Id. See also Fields v. State, 679 N.E.2d 1315, 1319 (Ind.1997) (although court allowed State's witness to testify even though State did not disclose her name until day of appearance, court noted that where a party fails to disclose witness, courts generally remedy situation by providing continuance rather than disallowing testimony).

In this case, D.D.K.'s counsel explained that the two witnesses were inadvertently omitted from the August 8 witness list due to clerical error, which, when discovered, was promptly addressed with the filing of the supplemental witness list on August 16. Defense counsel also made an offer of proof, providing the general substance of the witnesses' anticipated testimony, namely that D.D.K. was not present at the fight involving R.B.[2]

*889 The State did not allege, nor do we find, any evidence of deliberate conduct or bad faith on D.D.K.'s part in failing to timely disclose the subject witnesses to the State. Thus, this issue turns on whether permitting the testimony would have been substantially prejudicial to the State. Because of the late disclosure, the State advised the court that it was not able to check criminal records, noting that the aunt was not listed on the police report and was not otherwise known or anticipated. Although the State thereby identified some degree of inconvenience stemming from D.D.K.'s untimely disclosure, we do not find that it rises to the level of substantial prejudice. The trial court should have allowed the two witnesses to testify after giving the State a recess, or if necessary a continuance, to obtain records on the witnesses and speak with them. See Williams,

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D.D.K. v. State
750 N.E.2d 885 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 2001)

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Bluebook (online)
750 N.E.2d 885, 2001 WL 755786, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ddk-v-state-indctapp-2001.