In the Court of Appeals Second Appellate District of Texas at Fort Worth -------------------------------------------- No. 02-17-00223-CV --------------------------------------------
CYNTHIA BEVING, Appellant
v.
JOHN F. BEADLES, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS INDEPENDENT EXECUTOR OF THE ESTATE OF DUDLEY D. BEADLES, Appellee
On Appeal from the 96th District Court Tarrant County, Texas Trial Court No. 096-283896-16
Before Gabriel, Pittman, and Birdwell, JJ. Opinion by Justice Pittman Gabriel, J., concurs without opinion. OPINION
Once again, this court must don its legal pith helmet and face the task of
exploring the farthest reaches of the Texas Citizens Participation Act (TCPA).1
Specifically, this court must address whether the trial court correctly denied Appellant
Cynthia Beving’s TCPA motion to dismiss the third-party action filed against her by
Appellee John F. Beadles, individually and in his capacity as executor of the estate of
Dudley D. Beadles (Beadles). For the reasons set forth herein, we affirm the trial
court’s denial of Beving’s motion to dismiss and remand the case for further
proceedings.
BACKGROUND
This appeal involves a litigious and rancorous break-up of a business owned
and operated by four attorneys. Although the clerk’s record is voluminous and the
parties’ briefs are unnecessarily verbose, the sole issue in this appeal is fairly simple
and the background of the underlying litigation straightforward.
The law firm Beadles, Newman & Lawler, PC (BNL) was formed in 1990 by
attorneys and founding shareholders Dudley Beadles, Charles Newman, and Frank
Lawler. Later, Dudley’s son, John Beadles, became a shareholder. BNL’s business
1 See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. §§ 27.001–.011 (West 2015). The TCPA is commonly referred to as Texas’s “Anti-SLAPP” statute, so-called because the TCPA seeks to limit “Strategic Lawsuit[s] Against Public Participation.” See In re Lipsky, 411 S.W.3d 530, 536 n.1 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2013, orig. proceeding), mand. denied, 460 S.W.3d 579 (Tex. 2015).
2 focused on preparing closing documents for title companies, bankers, and realtors.
BNL asserts that because of the nature of this business, it developed and relied upon
certain proprietary software that provided BNL a competitive advantage.
Beving was hired by BNL on November 16, 2005, to act as the firm’s
comptroller, and she later became the firm’s director of human resources. It appears
that Beving’s tasks as comptroller also included managing payroll. Shortly after
joining BNL, Beving began assisting Dudley with various personal tasks—i.e., paying
personal bills and managing medical concerns—that she completed during work
hours.
Charles and Frank eventually became dissatisfied with the structure and
operation of BNL; in short, they believed they were doing most of the work to
generate business but Dudley and John were making more money than Frank. Thus,
Charles and Frank began considering forming a new firm. When Charles met with
Dudley to discuss these issues, Beving was present to take notes. As the men
continued to discuss their options for restructuring, Beving often served as a liaison
passing correspondence between them.
Negotiations broke down and Charles and Frank formed the new firm.
However, in the transition, Beving alleges that Charles instructed her not to inform
Dudley that the new firm had in fact been formed. Beving further alleges that when
Charles announced the new firm to BNL’s employees, he instructed all of the
employees who wished to leave with Charles and Frank to tender resignation letters,
3 which Beving did. Beving states that Charles tasked her with investigating and
completing all necessary steps for getting the new firm up and running, and that at all
relevant times during the transition, she acted pursuant to Charles’s direction and
authorization.
Although Dudley seemingly had no objections to the transition, only weeks
after the new firm commenced operations, it received a letter demanding that it cease
and desist using certain software and assets purportedly owned by BNL. Charles
responded by filing the underlying lawsuit against BNL, Dudley, John, and American
Document Systems, LLC, seeking, inter alia, injunctive relief to continue using the
software. Beving contends that she was asked to sign an affidavit to serve as evidence
in support of Charles’s lawsuit and request for injunctive relief. After Charles filed his
lawsuit, Beving was deposed.
Shortly after Beving’s deposition, BNL, Dudley, and John filed counterclaims
against Charles and Frank, and although they did not file suit against Beving, their
counterclaim asserted that Beving was a co-conspirator who had helped Charles and
Frank destroy BNL. Several months later, Beving received a letter from BNL’s
attorney who alleged that “[i]t is clear from your own testimony . . . that you have
encouraged, aided, participated and have benefitted by the wrongs that you and others
have committed,” and demanded payment of $17,020,971 in damages.
4 Litigation progressed, but Beving was not added as a party. However, about six
months after receiving the demand letter, BNL, Dudley, and John2 filed an amended
pleading and added Beving as a third-party defendant, with Dudley asserting claims
against her for breach of fiduciary duties, tortious interference with contract, tortious
interference with prospective relations, fraud, fraud by nondisclosure, aiding and
abetting, conspiracy, and unjust enrichment, and John asserting claims against her for
fraud, fraud by nondisclosure, aiding and abetting, conspiracy, and unjust enrichment.
The amended pleading asserted, in part, that
[i]nstead of spending time doing what they had promised (negotiating the purchase of the company’s assets and returning the company’s documents), [Beving and other defendants] started planning and then executed a “preemptive strike” against the company by filing a fictitious lawsuit with false allegations.
. . . Beving signed an affidavit that contained false allegations of fact and purposely failed to disclose other material facts with the intention of misleading the company and the court to allow these Defendants to continue misappropriating the company’s property. Beving . . . knew that the statements were and are false and knew that the affidavit failed to disclose other material information.
The allegations notwithstanding, the thirteen specific causes of action are all based on
facts occurring during the dissolution of BNL and formation of the new firm and not
from statements made in Beving’s affidavit or deposition.
2 Dudley passed away during this lawsuit, and his claims were brought by John as independent executor of his estate.
5 Beving filed a TCPA motion to dismiss. Beadles filed a response. After
Beving filed her motion to dismiss but before the hearing on the motion, Beadles
amended again to remove the allegations that Beving had provided false testimony in
her affidavit to support a “fictitious lawsuit with false allegations.” After the parties
appeared for a hearing, the trial court denied Beving’s motion to dismiss. This appeal
followed.
Beving raises a single issue and asserts that the trial court erred by denying her
motion to dismiss because she established that Beadles’s third-party claims fell within
the scope of the TCPA, because Beadles failed to establish a prima facie case to
support his claims by clear and specific evidence, and because Beving established by a
preponderance of the evidence her defenses to Beadles’s claims.
APPLICABLE LAW
I. The TCPA
The TCPA was passed to “to encourage and safeguard the constitutional rights
of persons to petition, speak freely, associate freely, and otherwise participate in
government to the maximum extent permitted by law and, at the same time, protect
the rights of a person to file meritorious lawsuits for demonstrable injury.” Tex. Civ.
Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.002; see D Magazine Partners, L.P. v. Rosenthal, 529 S.W.3d
429, 433–35 (Tex. 2017) (explaining that the TCPA seeks to balance the tension
between protecting First Amendment freedoms and preserving the rights of
individuals to file meritorious lawsuits); see also Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d at 584. Thus, at an
6 early stage in litigation, a defendant may file a motion to dismiss a legal action
pursuant to the TCPA. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.003.
Once a motion to dismiss is filed, a burden-shifting mechanism goes into
effect. Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d at 586–87. First, a defendant moving for dismissal has the
burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence that the plaintiff filed a “legal
action” that is “based on, relates to, or is in response to” the defendant’s exercise of
the right of free speech, the right to petition, or the right of association. Tex. Civ.
Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. §§ 27.003(a), .005(b); Youngkin v. Hines, 546 S.W.3d 675, 679
(Tex. 2018). Second, if the defendant satisfies that burden, to avoid dismissal, a
plaintiff must establish by clear and specific evidence a prima facie case for each
essential element of its claim. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.005(c). The
requirement for “clear and specific evidence” means the plaintiff “must provide
enough detail to show the factual basis for its claim.” Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d at 590–91.
Third, even if the plaintiff establishes a prima facie case, the defendant can still obtain
dismissal if he “establishes by a preponderance of the evidence each essential element
of a valid defense to the nonmovant’s claim.” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann.
§ 27.005(d).
II. Standard of Review
We review a trial court’s ruling on a TCPA motion to dismiss de novo.
DeAngelis v. Protective Parents Coal., No. 02-16-00216-CV, 2018 WL 3673308, at *9 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth Aug. 2, 2018, no pet.); Lane v. Phares, 544 S.W.3d 881, 886 (Tex.
7 App.—Fort Worth 2018, no pet.). Specifically, we review de novo the legal question
of whether the movant has established by a preponderance of the evidence that the
challenged legal action is covered under the TCPA. Serafine v. Blunt, 466 S.W.3d 352,
357 (Tex. App.—Austin 2015, no pet.) (op. on reh’g). In our review, we consider the
pleadings and supporting and opposing affidavits stating the facts on which the
liability or defense is based. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.006(a); Campbell
v. Clark, 471 S.W.3d 615, 623 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2015, no pet.).
THE TCPA’S APPLICABILITY VEL NON
The threshold question we must resolve is whether the TCPA applies to this
case. Youngkin, 546 S.W.3d at 680. When the trial court denied Beving’s motion to
dismiss, it did not expressly determine whether she met this burden. Thus, we begin
our de novo review by considering whether Beving set forth a preponderance of the
evidence to establish that Beadles’s third-party claims are subject to the TCPA. See
Serafine, 466 S.W.3d at 357.
I. Beving’s Affidavit and Deposition Testimony Constituted an Exercise of her Right to Petition as Defined by the TCPA
“[W]hen interpreting any statute, we should begin with the statutory language.”
Holder v. Hall, 512 U.S. 874, 914, 114 S. Ct. 2581, 2603 (1994) (Thomas, J.,
8 concurring). The TCPA broadly3 defines the “exercise of the right to petition” to
mean any of the following:
(A) a communication in or pertaining to:
(i) a judicial proceeding;
(ii) an official proceeding, other than a judicial proceeding, to administer the law;
(iii) an executive or other proceeding before a department of the state or federal government or a subdivision of the state or federal government;
(iv) a legislative proceeding, including a proceeding of a legislative committee;
(v) a proceeding before an entity that requires by rule that public notice be given before proceedings of that entity;
(vi) a proceeding in or before a managing board of an educational or eleemosynary institution supported directly or indirectly from public revenue;
(vii) a proceeding of the governing body of any political subdivision of this state;
(viii) a report of or debate and statements made in a proceeding described by Subparagraph (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), or (vii); or
(ix) a public meeting dealing with a public purpose, including statements and discussions at the meeting or other matters of public concern occurring at the meeting;
3 See Tervita, LLC v. Sutterfield, 482 S.W.3d 280, 283 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2015, pet. denied) (“‘Exercise of the right to petition’ is defined broadly under the TCPA.”).
9 (B) a communication in connection with an issue under consideration or review by a legislative, executive, judicial, or other governmental body or in another governmental or official proceeding;
(C) a communication that is reasonably likely to encourage consideration or review of an issue by a legislative, executive, judicial, or other governmental body or in another governmental or official proceeding;
(D) a communication reasonably likely to enlist public participation in an effort to effect consideration of an issue by a legislative, executive, judicial, or other governmental body or in another governmental or official proceeding; and
(E) any other communication that falls within the protection of the right to petition government under the Constitution of the United States or the constitution of this state.
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.001(4). The TCPA defines a
“communication” as “the making or submitting of a statement or document in any
form or medium, including oral, visual, written, audiovisual, or electronic.” Id.
§ 27.001(1).
At least one of our sister courts has recognized an apparent dissonance
between the understanding of the “exercise of the right to petition” as defined by the
TCPA and the understanding of the “exercise of the right to petition” as a First
Amendment right. See Jardin v. Marklund, 431 S.W.3d 765, 772–73 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.) (op. on reh’g) (discussing a movant’s argument
that simply filing a pleading in a lawsuit between private parties invokes the TCPA as
protecting the right to petition “despite . . . the particular meanings of the
10 constitutional rights at issue”). That is, despite the TCPA’s express purpose to
protect constitutional rights, the TCPA’s definition of “the right to petition” is far
broader. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 27.002.4
Yet, taking the TCPA’s enacted language as the “surest guide to what
lawmakers intended,” Entergy Gulf States, Inc. v. Summers, 282 S.W.3d 433, 463 (Tex.
2009) (op. on reh’g) (Willett, J., concurring), and remaining mindful that “when
interpreting a statute, ‘[t]he text is the alpha and the omega of the interpretive
process[,]’” Bosque Disposal Sys., LLC v. Parker Cty. Appraisal Dist., No. 17-0146, 2018
WL 2372810, at *2 (Tex. May 25, 2018) (quoting BankDirect Capital Fin., LLC v. Plasma
Fab, LLC, 519 S.W.3d 76, 86 (Tex. 2017)), we agree with Beving that her deposition
and affidavit testimony provided in the underlying lawsuit constitute a communication
4 In a concurring opinion on a case before the Austin Court of Appeals, Justice Pemberton compellingly explored the TCPA’s expansive definition of the right to petition by positing a hypothetical morning communication between him and his wife as falling within the TCPA’s scope of protection. Serafine, 466 S.W.3d at 378 (Pemberton, J., concurring). Justice Pemberton concluded, and we agree, that to apply the TCPA’s plain meaning based on the literal, unambiguous definition of the statute, “the right to petition” could be unintentionally exercised by numerous Texans “even before their feet hit the floor each morning.” Id. at 378–79. However, as Justice Joseph Story observed many decades ago, courts cannot disregard “the plain meaning of a [statutory] provision, not contradicted by any other provision . . . because we believe the framers of that instrument could not intend what they say.” 1 JOSEPH STORY, COMMENTARIES ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 411 (Boston, Hilliard, Gray Co. 1833); see Mitchell v. Great Works Milling & Mfg. Co., 17 F. Cas. 496, 499 (C.C.D. Me. 1843) (Story, J.) (“We are bound to interpret the act as we find it, and to make such an interpretation as its language and its apparent objects require. We must take it to be true, that the legislature intend precisely what they say . . . .”).
11 made in a judicial proceeding—that is, an exercise of Beving’s right to petition, which
is protected by the TCPA.5 See Tervita, LLC, 482 S.W.3d at 284; cf. Conn. Nat’l Bank v.
Germain, 503 U.S. 249, 253–54, 112 S. Ct. 1146, 1149 (1992) (“We have stated time
and again that courts must presume that a legislature says in a statute what it means
and means in a statute what it says there.”). Indeed, at oral argument, Beadles’s
counsel conceded that Beving’s actions in providing affidavit and deposition
testimony are covered by the TCPA.
5 Again, we note our agreement with Justice Pemberton’s observation that “[i]f read literally, what would initially seem to be the plain meaning of ‘communication in or pertaining to . . . a judicial proceeding’ (and, in turn, the ‘exercise of the right to petition’) would, standing alone, encompass a virtually limitless range of writings and statements related to a court case.” Serafine, 466 S.W.3d at 378 (Pemberton, J., concurring) (emphasis added). Although we see his point that courts “may have faltered into a ‘blindly narrow and out-of-context reading[] of statutory language[,]’” id. at 379, we are disinclined to apply any extratextual tool of interpretation to a clear, unambiguous statute, or to invoke the absurdity doctrine to avoid an unambiguous statute simply because its application brings about a peculiar result. See BankDirect Capital Fin., LLC, 519 S.W.3d at 85 (affirming that although the Code Construction Act expressly permits judges to consider a host of extrinsic statutory construction aids, regardless of whether the statute is ambiguous, “we have resolutely refused the Act’s entreaties to disregard plain language” because an unambiguous statute “forbids open-ended improvisation, including the nontextual purposivism and consequentialism winked at in the Code Construction Act”); Combs v. Health Care Servs. Corp., 401 S.W.3d 623, 630 (Tex. 2013) (refusing to invoke the absurdity doctrine when applying an unambiguous statute brings about a peculiar result because “mere oddity does not equal absurdity”); see also Zuni Pub. Sch. Dist. No. 89 v. Dep’t of Educ., 550 U.S. 81, 117, 127 S. Ct. 1534, 1556 (2007) (Scalia, J., dissenting) (“Thus, what judges believe Congress ‘meant’ (apart from the text) has a disturbing but entirely unsurprising tendency to be whatever judges think Congress must have meant, i.e., should have meant.” (emphasis in original)).
12 Therefore, we conclude that Beving’s affidavit and deposition testimony
constituted “the exercise of the right to petition” as defined by the TCPA.
II. Beadles’s Lawsuit Against Beving is not “based on, relate[d] to,” or “in response to” Beving’s Right to Petition
Having concluded that Beving’s affidavit and deposition testimony are a
protected exercise of her right to petition, to determine if Beving satisfied step one,
we still must consider whether she set forth a preponderance of evidence that
Beadles’s third-party claims are “based on, relate[] to, or [are] in response to” her
exercise of said right. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem Code Ann. § 27.003(a). Beving alleges
that “[h]ad she not provided an affidavit and her subsequent deposition[,] she would
not have been sued.”
A. Beadles’s Factual Allegations Do Not Implicate the TCPA
During oral argument, Beving’s counsel conceded that Beadles had not
“hooked” the allegations that Beving provided false testimony in her affidavit and
deposition to the specific thirteen causes of action actually alleged against her but
nonetheless maintained that Beadles’s allegations in his superseded pleadings
demonstrate that Beving was sued because of her affidavit and deposition testimony. 6
6 After Beving filed her TCPA motion to dismiss, BNL, Dudley, and John amended their pleading to remove the factual allegation that Beving had signed a false affidavit. During oral argument, there was significant discussion concerning our scope of review and whether a trial court and reviewing court could consider factual allegations in a superseded pleading. Beving argued that courts could consider statements in a superseded pleading and that it was some evidence that she had been sued because of her exercise of the right to petition. Beadles argued that a superseded
13 Our review of Beadles’s pleading likewise reveals that none of the claims are “based
on, relate[d] to,” or “in response to” Beving’s affidavit or deposition testimony in any
ordinary sense of the terms. See Hersh v. Tatum, 526 S.W.3d 462, 467 (Tex. 2017)
(explaining in a TCPA motion-to-dismiss analysis, “[t]he basis of a legal action is not
determined by the defendant’s admissions or denials but by the plaintiff’s
allegations”); Sloat v. Rathbun, 513 S.W.3d 500, 504 (Tex. App.—Austin 2015, pet.
dism’d) (recognizing that implicit in a TCPA analysis is that “we do not blindly accept
attempts by the . . . [d]efendants to characterize [plaintiff’s] claims as implicating
protected expression” but instead we “view the pleadings in the light most favorable
to [plaintiff]; i.e., favoring the conclusion that her claims are not predicated on
protected expression”); see also Ghrist v. MBH Real Estate LLC, No. 02-17-00411-CV,
2018 WL 3060331, at *5 n.9 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth June 21, 2018, no pet.) (mem.
op.) (rejecting wholesale approach to TCPA application).
B. Beving’s Evidence that Beadles’s Claims are “based on,” “relate[d] to,” or “in response to” her Protected Activity is not a Preponderance
The allegation in Beadles’s superseded pleading regarding Beving’s allegedly
false affidavit testimony is some—albeit slight—direct evidence that the third-party
pleading could not be considered as TCPA evidence. At our request, Beadles filed a post-submission letter with two cases in support of his position.
Because our analysis does not turn on the statements in the superseded pleading, we consider the allegations without resolving whether statements in superseded pleadings are within the scope of our review.
14 claims are “based on, relate[d] to,” or “in response to” Beving’s affidavit and
deposition testimony. The only other evidence Beving directs us to is two lines of
circumstantial evidence: (1) the fact that Beving was sued after her affidavit and
deposition but not before Beadles conducted extensive discovery that they would
purportedly not otherwise have been entitled to, and (2) the fact that Beving is the
only non-attorney who is being sued.7
Circumstantial evidence is proper for us to consider in a TCPA review. See
Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d at 589, 591 (stating that “[a]ll evidentiary standards . . . recognize
the relevance of circumstantial evidence” and thus holding that circumstantial
evidence is appropriate to consider in a TCPA motion to dismiss). Although “[b]y its
very nature, circumstantial evidence often involves linking what may be apparently
insignificant and unrelated events to establish a pattern,” Browning-Ferris, Inc. v. Reyna,
865 S.W.2d 925, 927 (Tex. 1993), the inferences drawn from circumstantial evidence
must be reasonable. See COC Servs., Ltd. v. CompUSA, Inc., 150 S.W.3d 654, 671 (Tex.
App.—Dallas 2004, pet. denied) (“Only reasonable inferences drawn from the known
circumstances establish a material fact.”).
7 Beving also refers to Beadles’s counsel’s demand letter, in which Beadles’s counsel asserts that Beving’s liability was made “clear from [Beving’s] own testimony.” However, that letter was on behalf of BNL—not Beadles. And BNL has not filed any claims against Beving. Therefore, the letter is not evidence that is relevant to determining whether Beadles’s claims against Beving are in response to Beving’s affidavit or deposition testimony. Cf. Jardin, 431 S.W.3d at 774 (refusing to grant movant’s TCPA motion to dismiss when a third-party rather than movant had exercised the right to petition).
15 Beving’s inferences from her circumstantial evidence are unreasonable because
they are speculative and conclusory; there is simply too great an analytical gap for us
to traverse. First, as explained above, all thirteen causes of action arise out of facts
occurring well before Beving’s affidavit and deposition testimony, and the false-
affidavit allegation in the superseded pleading was not used to support any of the
thirteen causes of action. See Hersh, 526 S.W.3d at 467; Sloat, 513 S.W.3d at 504.
Second, Beving’s contention that Beadles waited ten months to add her as a
party in order to obtain discovery to which he would not otherwise be entitled is
purely speculative and conclusory. There are myriad reasons for deciding if and when
to bring a legal action against a person. For example, it appears that Beadles obtained
additional information—i.e., certain e-mails from Beving on a backup server—which
may have led to filing the third-party claims against Beving.
Finally, that Beving is the only non-attorney at BNL who was sued does not
create an inference that Beadles’s third-party petition was brought in response to her
affidavit and deposition testimony. Instead, the third-party petition asserts that she
was sued because she allegedly committed tortious conduct during the dissolution of
BNL and formation of the new law firm. See Sloat, 513 S.W.3d at 504.
What Beving really asks us to do is to ignore the factual predicate as alleged in
the third-party petition and instead engage in pure speculation based on a few lines of
circumstantial evidence in order to divine that Beadles has artfully pleaded causes of
action against Beving to retaliate and punish her for providing affidavit and deposition
16 testimony. This court cannot engage in such a speculative exercise. This does not
meet the preponderance-of-the-evidence standard necessary to show that Beadles’s
third-party claims are in response to her exercise of the right to petition.8 See Fieldtech
Avionics & Instruments, Inc. v. Component Control.Com, Inc., 262 S.W.3d 813, 833 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth 2008, no pet.) (“Speculation is not evidence.”).
C. To the Extent Beadles’s Claims are, in Part, “based on, relate[d] to,” or “in response to” Beving’s Protected Activity, Dismissal Would Still be Improper Because the Claims are Also Based, in Part, on Unprotected Activity
But even if Beving is correct that Beadles’s third-party claims against her are, in
part, “based on, relate[d] to,” or “in response to” her affidavit and deposition
testimony, the claims are still also based on, related to, or in response to other activity
unprotected by the TCPA—i.e., Beving’s actions during the break-up of BNL and the
formation of the new firm. “When a legal action is in response to both expression
protected by the TCPA and other unprotected activity, the legal action is subject to
dismissal only to the extent that it is in response to the protected conduct, as opposed to being
subject to dismissal in its entirety.” Walker v. Hartman, 516 S.W.3d 71, 81 (Tex.
8 In so concluding, we do not foreclose the possibility that Beving’s theory is correct and that Beadles’s third-party claims are simply an attempt to punish or harass her. Indeed, it seems likely that such a rancorous background would at least tempt the parties to employ litigation out of sheer malevolence. But if this were the case, Beving has more appropriate remedies such as a Rule 13 dismissal and sanctions against both Beadles and his counsel for claims the evidence shows were brought in bad faith or to harass. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 13. The TCPA is not a Swiss army knife, a tool always ready to obtain the early dismissal of every objectionable case or controversy.
17 App.—Beaumont 2017, pet. denied) (emphasis added). Because, at best, Beadles’s
third-party claims are based on a mix of protected and unprotected activity, and
because Beving does not provide us guidance for how to determine which claims are
in response to protected rather than unprotected conduct, nor are we able to identify
a means to accomplish the task, the trial court did not err by denying her motion. See
id.
Having survived our latest trek into the TCPA jungle, we hold that Beving has
not satisfied her initial burden of establishing by a preponderance of evidence that
Beadles’s claims are “based on, relate[d] to,” or “in response to” protected activity
covered by the TCPA. See Serafine, 466 S.W.3d at 360 (holding to the extent
counterclaims were based on threats made outside of context of lawsuit, TCPA
movant did not satisfy initial burden to show that these portions of counterclaims
were subject to TCPA); Herrera v. Stahl, 441 S.W.3d 739, 744 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 2014, no pet.) (holding trial court did not err by denying TCPA motion to
dismiss because movant only set forth conclusory statements that plaintiff’s claims
were based on, related to, or in response to defendants’ exercise of their right to
petition, and conclusory statements are not probative evidence). Accordingly, we
overrule her sole issue. 9
9 Because we hold that Beadles’s claims are not covered by the TCPA, we do not address Beving’s arguments concerning the next steps in the TCPA’s burden- shifting mechanism. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1; Herrera, 441 S.W.3d at 745–46.
18 CONCLUSION
Having overruled Beving’s sole issue, we affirm the trial court’s order and
remand the case for further proceedings.
/s/ Mark T. Pittman Mark T. Pittman Justice
Delivered: October 18, 2018