PER CURIAM:
The judgments of sentence for burglary, receiving stolen property, and criminal trespass are affirmed.
SPAETH, President Judge:
This is an appeal from judgments of sentence for burglary, receiving stolen property and criminal trespass. Appellant argues 1) that the trial court erred in admitting appellant’s confession into evidence because the Commonwealth [41] did not establish the corpus delicti of burglary by independent evidence; 2) that the guilty verdicts for both theft and burglary were erroneous; and 8) that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to move to suppress appellant’s confession. We find appellant’s arguments to be without merit. We therefore affirm the judgment of sentence for burglary.
The incident out of which this case arises occurred on November 6, 1980, at the Treadway Motor Inn in Northeast Philadelphia. At approximately 1:00 a.m., two women, Lisa Haley and Judy Kennedy, registered at the inn. The night auditor, Leon Gates, gave them the key to room 217. (N.T. at 28) About twenty minutes later, the women returned to the desk and asked for a larger room. Gates assigned them to room 212, and they returned the key to room 217. (N.T. at 27-29) No one checked room 217 when the key to it was returned. Some time later, however, Gates heard a “rumbling noise” above him, and after calling the police, he went to the landing to investigate. There he and apellant saw each other in the hallway, and appellant turned and walked away in the opposite direction. (N.T. at 30-31) At an unspecified time later in the morning, Gates went to check room 217 and discovered that the television set was missing. (N.T. at 31, 34)1
The next afternoon, at approximately 1:30 p.m., Philadelphia Police Lieutenant Baker executed a valid search warrant at appellant’s home. He found a television set there with serial numbers matching that which had been stolen from room 217. Lieutenant Baker arrested appellant and took him to the police station where, after being duly warned of his Miranda rights, appellant signed a statement that read in relevant part:
I went to the Treadway Inn on the Boulevard. I knew a girl named Judy and another girl named Lisa who had gotten a room there; the numbers I don’t know. It was a [42] one bedroom. The girls changed rooms, and I went back to the first room and took the T.V. and left. (N.T. at 39)
Appellant was charged with two separate counts of theft by receiving stolen property,2 criminal trespass, burglary, and theft.3 At a consolidated proceeding on November 10, 1981, appellant pleaded guilty to the two counts of receiving stolen property, and, after waiving his right to a jury trial, was tried and found guilty of criminal trespass, burglary, and theft. He was sentenced to two to five years for burglary, to be served concurrently with his sentence in .an unrelated case, and he received suspended sentences for receiving and criminal trespass; no sentence for theft was imposed. After his post-verdict motions were filed, argued, and denied, he took this appeal.
-1-
Before a defendant’s confession may be admitted into evidence, the Commonwealth must establish by independent evidence, that is, independent of the confession, that the crime charged in fact occurred (the corpus delicti). See Commonwealth v. Cockfield, 465 Pa. 415, 350 A.2d 833 (1976); Commonwealth v. Ware, 459 Pa. 334, 365, 329 A.2d 258, 274 (1974); Commonwealth v. Leslie, 424 Pa. 331, 335, 227 A.2d 900 (1967); Commonwealth v. Moyer, 277 Pa.Super. 172, 419 A.2d 717 (1980). The reason for this rule was stated in Commonwealth v. Turza, 340 Pa. 128, 134, 16 A.2d 401, 404 (1940): “The grounds on which the rule rests are the hasty and unguarded character which is often attached to confessions and admissions and the consequent [43] danger of a conviction where no crime has in fact been committed.”
Crimes may be said to have three aspects: an “occurrence of the specific kind of injury or loss;” “somebody’s criminality ... as the source of the loss,” and finally, “the accused’s identity as the doer of this crime.” 7 J. Wigmore, Evidence § 2072, at 524-25 (Chadbourn rev.1978) (emphasis omitted). The corpus delicti includes only the first two of these three. Commonwealth v. Ware, 459 Pa. 334, 365, 329 A.2d 258, 274 (1974); Commonwealth v. Herman, 288 Pa.Super. 219, 230, 431 A.2d 1016, 1022 (1981).
Under our Crimes Code, “[a] person is guilty of burglary if he enters a building or occupied structure, or separately secured or occupied portion thereof with intent to commit a crime therein, unless the premises are at the time open to the public or the actor is licensed or privileged to enter.” 18 PA.C.S.A. § 3502(a); Commonwealth v. Stasiak, 305 Pa.Super. 257, 264, 451 A.2d 520, 523 (1982). Therefore, on a charge of burglary, before the defendant’s confession may be admitted into evidence, the Commonwealth must establish, first, that “a building or occupied structure, or separately secured or occupied portion thereof,” not “open to the public” was entered — Wigmore’s “specific kind of injury or loss” — and second, that the entry was “with intent to commit a crime therein” and was not “licensed or privileged” — Wigmore’s “somebody’s criminality ... as the source of the loss.” See Wigmore, supra, at 524-25. This may be done by circumstantial evidence. Commonwealth v. Gonzales, 297 Pa.Super. 66, 73, 443 A.2d 301, 304-05 (1982). Thus, evidence of forced entry, flight, or possession of tools or unauthorized entry, may be sufficient in certain circumstances to establish that a burglary has occurred. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Wiltrout, 311 Pa.Super. 115, 457 A.2d 520 (1983) (evidence of prying open plywood panels); Commonwealth v. Tingle, 275 Pa.Super. 489, 495, 419 A.2d 6, 9 (1980) (evidence of forced entry and possession of burglary tools); Commonwealth v. Nutter, 256 Pa.Super. 111, 117, 389 A.2d 626, 628-29 (1978) (evi[44] dence of forced entry, ransacked premises and presence within burglarized premises in possession of “large sturdy screwdriver.”) While the Crimes Code definition of burglary has abandoned the common law requirement of “a breaking,” nevertheless the cases in which circumstantial evidence establishes a burglary require that there be some evidence of surreptitious entry to establish the element of entry with felonious intent. See Commonwealth v. Crowson, 267 Pa.Super. 46, 48, 405 A.2d 1295, 1296 (1979) (no burglary where “no evidence that [the defendant] entered the ... residence surreptitiously or by force” and in fact “no evidence at all regarding the manner of entry by appellant.”) See also In Re Wood, 277 Pa.Super. 606, 419 A.2d 1316 (1980) (no burglary where defendant resided in house from which car keys were stolen because no unprivileged entry); Commonwealth v. Tilman, 273 Pa.Super. 416, 417 A.2d 717 (1980) (no burglary where, inter alia, automobile dealership might have been “open to the public” when defendant entered.)
-a-
In the present case, to establish by independent evidence that a burglary occurred, the Commonwealth did not have to show that appellant entered room 217 with felonious intent, but merely that someone did so. When we look at the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner, however, we cannot find that it met this burden.
The evidence has been summarized above. Briefly restated, it was as follows. For twenty minutes, from 1:00 a.m. to 1:20 a.m., Lisa Haley and Judy Kennedy were authorized to enter room 217, although not for the purpose of removing a television set. Following the return of the room key, no one other than hotel staff was authorized to enter, but the Commonwealth presented no evidence that anyone did so. Some time later, Gates, the night clerk heard a “rumbling” on the upstairs landing and when, after calling police, he went to investigate, he saw appellant, but [45] no television set. Upon seeing Gates, appellant turned and walked away from him. Some time later in the morning, Gates discovered that the television set was missing from room 217. Thus, the independent evidence the Commonwealth presented from which we might infer that appellant committed a burglary was that appellant was present on the landing at some time after the women returned the key to room 217, and that when Officer Baker searched appellant’s room the next day, he found there the television set stolen from room 217.
The evidence of appellant’s mere presence near the scene of a crime could not, without more, establish the element of entry with felonious intent. See Commonwealth v. Roscio-li, 454 Pa. 59, 309 A.2d 396 (1973) (evidence of burglary insufficient to submit to jury where it established that defendant was nearby in a telephone booth while burglary in progress and where glass from window in burglarized building found near booth); Commonwealth v. Manson, 230 Pa.Super. 527, 531, 327 A.2d 182, 184 (1974) (evidence that defendant stood near side of building from which boards had been removed from window and household goods inside building were piled near window insufficient because “Commonwealth’s evidence consisted of nothing more than [the defendant’s] presence near the point of entry to the burglarized premises.”) See also Commonwealth v. Keller, 249 Pa.Super. 384, 388, 378 A.2d 347, 349 (1977) (evidence establishing defendant’s presence near vandalized vacuum cleaner in car wash insufficient to prove theft from the coin box because “mere presence of an individual at the scene of a crime is not a sufficient circumstance upon which guilt may be predicated”); Commonwealth v. Garrett, 423 Pa. 8, 222 A.2d 902 (1966) (Commonwealth’s evidence that defendant was present at the scene both before and after robbery insufficient to establish that he had participated in robbery).
Aside from evidence of appellant’s presence at the inn, the Commonwealth offered no evidence of the supporting circumstances from which one could infer appellant’s [46] entry with felonious intent. Thus, it offered no evidence of forced entry, see Commonwealth v. Wiltrout, supra; or of possession of tools, see Commonwealth v. Morgan, 265 Pa.Super. 225, 401 A.2d 1182 (1979); or of flight, see Commonwealth v. Addison, 271 Pa.Super. 273, 413 A.2d 402 (1979). The only independent evidence offered against appellant was evidence that he possessed the stolen television set the next afternoon. While this did indeed establish that a theft occurred from room 2174, and appellant has not substantively challenged his conviction of theft5, it did not, without more, establish that the theft was accomplished incident to a burglary. See Commonwealth v. Crowson, supra (although victim’s television set and lamp were found in defendant’s apartment the day after break-in, conviction for burglary vacated because no evidence regarding manner of entry from which felonious intent might be inferred).
-b-
Despite the Commonwealth’s failure to prove the corpus delicti of the burglary with which appellant was charged, the trial court did not err in admitting appellant’s confession as evidence that a burglary had occurred and that appellant had committed it. Where a defendant’s confession relates to two separate crimes with which he is charged, and where independent evidence establishes the corpus delicti of only one of those crimes, the confession may be admissible as evidence of the commission of the other crime. This will be the case only where the relationship between the two crimes is sufficiently close to ensure that the policies underlying the corpus delicti rule are not violated. Here, we have concluded, the relationship between the theft and the burglary was sufficiently close to permit the court, upon proof of the corpus delicti of the [47] theft, to admit appellant’s confession as evidence that appellant had committed not only the theft but also the burglary.
In Commonwealth v. Stokes, 225 Pa.Super. 411, 311 A.2d 714 (1973), we first discussed when a confession of one crime is admissible as evidence of another crime. In that case the defendant was charged with, among other crimes, playfully or wantonly pointing a firearm, 18 Pa.C.S. § 4716 (repealed), and attempting to discharge a “loaded arm[]” with intent to commit murder, 18 Pa.C.S. § 4711 (repealed). The evidence was:
When two police officers entered an apartment at the request of the tenant, they observed appellant in the bedroom pointing a rifle at them. As the officers retreated from the apartment, one officer fired a shot. Venturing back in, the officer saw appellant “raising his rifle again.” Appellant closed the bedroom door. The officers called for reinforcements, and when these arrived, appellant threw out his rifle and surrendered.
Id., 225 Pa.Superior Ct. at 413, 311 A.2d at 715.
We held, on the basis of this evidence, that the Commonwealth had established the corpus delicti of the crime of pointing a firearm. It was therefore proper to admit appellant’s confession of that crime. This confession, however, was the only evidence of the intent necessary to prove the commission of the crime of “attempting to discharge”. We nevertheless held the confession admissible to establish that crime as well. We reasoned that the two crimes were closely related in that they “arose from a single transaction” and had an element “in common.” Id., 225 Pa.Superior Ct. at 414-15, 311 A.2d at 715. Because of this relationship, the policies underlying the corpus delicti rule were not violated: the Commonwealth had proved by independent evidence that a crime had in fact occurred. See Commonwealth v. Turza, supra. We cautioned, however, that “[p]erhaps if the two crimes were distinct, in time or nature or both, the case would be different.” Id., 225 Pa.Superior Ct. at 415, 311 A.2d at 715.
[48] We relied on Stokes in Commonwealth v. Steward, 263 Pa.Super. 191, 397 A.2d 812 (1979). There the defendant was charged with the crimes of aggravated assault6 and attempted robbery.7 The victim, a police officer, was seated on a park bench on stakeout duty. The defendant walked past him and then doubled back. When the officer made a sudden move, the defendant shot him. This evidence established the corpus delicti of aggravated assault and enabled the Commonwealth to introduce appellant’s confession into evidence. The confession provided the only evidence that when appellant had doubled back, he had done so with the intention of robbing the officer. The confession alone, therefore, proved the commission of the inchoate crime of attempted robbery. We held that under Stokes the confession was admissible for this purpose, reasoning that the two crimes “arose out of the same criminal episode” and that the injury suffered by the officer was a common element linking the two crimes. Id., 263 Pa.Superior Ct. at 198, 397 A.2d at 815. See also Commonwealth v. Tucker, 461 Pa. 191, 201, 335 A.2d 704, 709 (1975). Finally, in Commonwealth v. Rieland, 324 Pa.Super. 115, 471 A.2d [49]*49490 (1984), the defendant was charged with, among other crimes, burglary8 and criminal conspiracy.9 We concluded that evidence independent of the defendant’s confession established that a burglary had occurred. On this basis, the confession was admissible. Again relying on Stokes, we held that the confession was also admissible to prove the commission of the inchoate crime of criminal conspiracy, despite the lack of any “common element,” because “[t]he crimes of burglary and conspiracy arose from a common transaction. ...” Id., 324 Pa.Superior Ct. at 122, 471 A.2d at 493.
Here, appellant’s confession related to the two substantive crimes with which he was charged, burglary and theft. The Commonwealth offered independent evidence of the corpus delicti of theft, thereby rendering appellant’s confession admissible. While, as we have discussed above, there was no independent evidence establishing the occurrence of a burglary, nevertheless, on the facts of this case the burglary and theft were sufficiently related to render the confession admissible to prove that a burglary had occurred and that appellant had committed it.
In reaching this conclusion, we recognize that here, as was not the case in Commonwealth v. Stokes, supra, Commonwealth v. Steward, supra, or Commonwealth v. Rieland, supra, both crimes with which appellant was charged were substantive crimes; the Commonwealth did not prove the corpus delicti of a substantive crime and then use the confession to prove the commission of an inchoate [50] crime. This distinction, however, is not significant. As in Commonwealth v. Steward, supra, the facts that established the injury — the theft of the television set — were the same for both crimes. Appellant’s “unlawful taking” of the television set was the theft, and the theft was the predicate of the burglary. Stated otherwise, the burglary was the means by which the theft was committed. Indeed, because of their close relationship, the theft and burglary merged for sentencing purposes. See infra. Finally, as in Commonwealth v. Rieland, supra, the two crimes were linked temporally, for they “arose from a common transaction, albeit not exactly a singular transaction____” Id., 324 Pa.Superior Ct. at 122, 471 A.2d at 493.10
-2-
Appellant also argues that since he was charged in the same information (# 1456) with burglary, theft, and receiving stolen property, he could not be “adjudged guilty” of all three charges, and that therefore his sentence for theft and receiving must be vacated. (Brief for Appellant at 9-10) [51] In support of this argument, appellant relies on 18 Pa.C. S.A. § 3502(d), which provides:
Multiple convictions — A person may not be convicted both for burglary and for the offense which it was his intent to commit after the burglarious entry or for an attempt to commit that offense, unless the additional offense constitutes a felony of the first or second degree.
As to the burglary and theft charges, appellant’s argument is without merit. The “conviction]” referred to in § 3502(d) refers not to the verdict but to the judgment of sentence. Thus, while a defendant may be charged with and adjudged guilty of both burglary and theft, he may not be sentenced for both crimes. See Commonwealth v. Jefferson, 307 Pa.Super. 18, 452 A.2d 881 (1982); Commonwealth v. Hardick, 268 Pa.Super. 103, 407 A.2d 458 (1978) (HOFFMAN, J., concurring); Commonwealth v. Black, 267 Pa.Super. 598, 407 A.2d 403 (1979). Here, appellant’s sentence of two to five years was imposed for burglary alone; no sentence was imposed for theft.11
As to the sentence for receiving stolen property: 12 since the statutory definitions of the crimes of theft and receiving render it logically impossible that one person be both the thief and receiver of the same item,13 we have held that the same person may not be sentenced for theft and receipt of the same property. See Commonwealth v. Simmons, 233 Pa.Super. 547, 336 A.2d 624, 631 (1975) [52] (“[bjecause these crimes are by their definition inconsistent, ... a judgment of sentence can only be imposed for one or the other____”) Appellant could not therefore be sentenced for receiving the same television set that he was convicted of stealing. However, since he has not been sentenced for stealing the television set, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3502(d) is inapplicable.
Nevertheless, I should vacate the judgment of sentence for receiving stolen property. The sentence imposed was a “suspended sentence.” However, the Sentencing Code provides for no such sentence. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(a); Commonwealth v. Ferrier, 326 Pa.Super. 331, 473 A.2d 1375, 1378 (1984) (indefinitely suspended sentence not a sanctioned sentencing alternative); Commonwealth v. Maguire, 307 Pa.Super. 80, 84 n. 7, 452 A.2d 1047, 1049 n. 7 (1982) (“Sentencing Code contains no provision for a ‘suspended’ sentence.”) The sentence was therefore an illegal sentence — a fact that we may notice sua sponte. 14 See Com[53] monwealth v. Brown, 290 Pa.Super. 448, 453, 434 A.2d 838, 840 (1981); Commonwealth v. Schilling, 288 Pa.Super. 359, 370 n. 15, 431 A.2d 1088, 1093 n. 15 (1981); Commonwealth v. Jellots, 262 Pa.Super. 17, 19, 396 A.2d 461, 462-63 (1978); Commonwealth v. Betoni, 254 Pa.Super. 26, 28, 385 A.2d 506, 507 (1978).
The same observation may be made of the judgment of sentence imposed for criminal trespass. This, too, was a “suspended sentence”, and I should find it illegal and therefore vacate it. I should not, however, remand for resentencing on this conviction. See Commonwealth v. Goldhammer, 507 Pa. 236, 489 A.2d 1307, 1313-16 (1985).
-3-
Appellant finally argues that his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to file a motion to suppress his confession on the ground that it was made involuntarily because he was under the influence of drugs at the time he made it. A claim of ineffectiveness must be raised by new counsel at the first opportunity. See Commonwealth v. Dancer, 460 Pa. 95, 331 A.2d 435 (1975); Commonwealth v. Casner, 315 Pa.Super. 12, 16, 461 A.2d 324, 326 (1983). Here, appellate counsel is not the same as trial counsel, and this appeal is her first opportunity to raise the ineffectiveness claim. The claim is therefore properly before us.
In evaluating claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, we are first to decide whether the claim is of arguable merit. See Commonwealth v. Hubbard, 472 Pa. 259, 278, 372 A.2d 687, 696 (1977). If the claim is of [54] arguable merit, we are then to decide whether counsel’s actions had any reasonable basis. Commonwealth ex rel. Washington v. Maroney, 427 Pa. 599, 604-05, 235 A.2d 349, 352 (1967). Here, appellant’s claim is without arguable merit. No evidence suggests either that he engaged in habitual or occasional drug abuse or that he was under the influence of drugs at the time of his arrest. Moreover, in the guilty plea and jury waiver colloquy, trial counsel specifically noted that on the basis of her review of all the evidence, she believed that a motion to suppress appellant’s confession “would not be legally successful” and would be construed by the court as “frivolous,” and appellant indicated that he understood her decision, and by implication he acquiesced in it. (N.T. at 15).
The judgment of sentence for burglary is affirmed.
BECK, J., files a concurring opinion.
TAMILIA, J., files a concurring opinion.