[Cite as Borad v. April Ents., Inc., 2012-Ohio-5096.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
ALPHA BORAD : : Appellate Case No. 25092 Plaintiff-Appellant : : Trial Court Case No. 2011-CV-1504 v. : : APRIL ENTERPRISES, INC. dba : (Civil Appeal from WALNUT CREEK NURSING HOME : Common Pleas Court) : Defendant-Appellee : : ...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 2nd day of November, 2012.
...........
DAVID M. DUWEL, Atty. Reg. #0029583, Duwel Law, 130 West 2nd Street, Suite 2101, Dayton, Ohio 45402 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellant
JAN E. HENSEL, Atty. Reg. #0040785 and ANJALI P. CHAVAN, Atty. Reg. #0088017, Dinsmore & Shohl, LLP, 191 West Nationwide Boulevard, Suite 300, Columbus, Ohio 43215 Attorney for Defendant-Appellee
.............
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J. (By Assignment):
{¶1} Alpha Borad, the appellant in this case, seeks reversal of summary judgment 2
granted in favor of her former employer, April Enterprises, Inc. (“April Enterprises”), in her
age discrimination suit. Borad alleges that she was fired from her position as a nurse at a
long-term care facility operated by April Enterprises because of her age. After a thorough
review of the record and law, we affirm summary judgment.
I. Factual and Procedural History
{¶2} April Enterprises operates Walnut Creek Nursing Center, a long-term care facility
in Kettering, Ohio. Borad had been employed by April Enterprises since August 30, 1994, as
a registered nurse at the facility.
{¶3} On November 3, 2009, Borad accidentally administered an extra dose of
medication to a patient. The patient was supposed to receive 72 units of diabetes medication
every 24 hours. However, Borad administered two doses to the same patient during her
12-hour shift. She immediately realized her mistake and informed her supervisor, the
Director of Nursing, Stephanie Miller, of the mistake. Miller spoke to the facility’s Medical
Director, Dr. Visiliu, and a treatment regimen was started to counteract the error. Miller
informed Borad that she was suspended pending an investigation, and a written disciplinary
infraction statement was provided. The document classified Borad’s error as a Class II
infraction in a three-tiered system. This indicated the error was serious and potentially
harmful to patients. Miller further discussed the incident with Dr. Visiliu, who expressed
concern about Borad’s performance and abilities as a nurse. Miller stated that, after speaking
with Dr. Visiliu, she had serious misgivings about Borad’s abilities. She issued a new
disciplinary document classifying the infraction as a Class I error and terminated Borad’s
employment on November 12, 2009. 3
{¶4} While April Enterprises did not identify any one nurse who was hired to replace
Borad, a newly hired nurse, Tammy Mickus, committed the same error that Borad had been
fired for — administering a double dose of the same medication to the same patient. Nurse
Mickus was apparently not disciplined for making the same error.
{¶5} On February 25, 2011, Borad filed a complaint against April Enterprises with the
common pleas court alleging that she was fired based on her age. April Enterprises answered,
and contentious discovery was conducted. On December 9, 2011, April Enterprises moved for
summary judgment arguing that Borad could not make a prima facie case for a claim of age
discrimination. Borad opposed the motion submitting affidavits, April Enterprises’s answers
to interrogatories, and references to her deposition testimony. The trial court granted April
Enterprises’s motion on February 16, 2012, finding that Borad could not meet several
necessary elements of a claim for age discrimination. Borad timely appealed that
determination to this court assigning one error for review.
II. Law and Analysis
{¶6} Borad’s assignment of error states, “[t]he trial court erred by granting April
Enterprises, Inc.’s motion for summary judgment and awarding judgment to April Enterprises,
Inc.’s [sic] on Alpha Borad [sic] claim for age discrimination when, at least, genuine issues of
fact and law remain for a jury’s deliberation.”
{¶7} Borad is challenging the grant of summary judgment. Civ.R. 56(C) provides that
[s]ummary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, depositions,
answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits, transcripts of
evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if any, timely filed in the action, 4
show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving
party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
{¶8} Smith v. Kelly, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2011 CA 77, 2012-Ohio-2547, ¶ 14, provides
that
[a]n appellate court reviews an award of summary judgment de novo. Grafton
v. Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 1996-Ohio-336, 671 N.E.2d 241
(1996). We apply the same standard as the trial court, viewing the facts in the
case in a light most favorable to the non-moving party and resolving any doubt
in favor of the non-moving party. Viock Stowe-Woodward Co., 13 Ohio
App.3d 7, 12, * * * 467 N.E.2d 1378 (6th Dist.1983).
{¶9} In order to prevail in these summary proceedings, the moving party must point to
“evidentiary materials that show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact, and that
the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. The non-moving party must then
present evidence that some issue of material fact remains for the trial court to resolve.” Id. at
¶ 15, citing Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 293, 1996-Ohio-107, 662 N.E.2d 264. 5
A. Age Discrimination
{¶10} Borad’s claim of age discrimination is rooted in R.C. 4112 et seq., which is the
embodiment of Ohio’s staunch resolve to remedy instances of discrimination based on “race,
color, religion, sex, national origin, handicap, age, or ancestry of any person.” R.C.
4112.02(A). Because this statutory scheme is similar to federal discrimination law, “[f]ederal
case law interpreting Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 2000(e) et seq., Title
42, U.S. Code, is generally applicable to cases involving alleged violations of R.C. Chapter
4112.” Little Forest Med. Ctr. of Akron v. Ohio Civ. Rights Comm., 61 Ohio St.3d 607, 609,
575 N.E.2d 1164 (1991).
{¶11} Under R.C. 4112.02(A), which sets forth unlawful employer discriminatory
practices, it is “an unlawful, discriminatory practice for any employer, because of * * * age * *
* to discharge without just cause, * * * or otherwise to discriminate against that person * * *
[on] any matter directly or indirectly related to employment.”
{¶12} In Byrnes v. LCI Communication Holdings Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 125, 128-129,
1996-Ohio-307, 672 N.E.2d 145 , the Ohio Supreme Court stated that a plaintiff-employee
may prove a claim of employer discrimination pursuant to R.C. 4112.02 via two separate
methods.
Discriminatory intent may be established indirectly by the four-part analysis set
forth in Barker v.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as Borad v. April Ents., Inc., 2012-Ohio-5096.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
ALPHA BORAD : : Appellate Case No. 25092 Plaintiff-Appellant : : Trial Court Case No. 2011-CV-1504 v. : : APRIL ENTERPRISES, INC. dba : (Civil Appeal from WALNUT CREEK NURSING HOME : Common Pleas Court) : Defendant-Appellee : : ...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 2nd day of November, 2012.
...........
DAVID M. DUWEL, Atty. Reg. #0029583, Duwel Law, 130 West 2nd Street, Suite 2101, Dayton, Ohio 45402 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellant
JAN E. HENSEL, Atty. Reg. #0040785 and ANJALI P. CHAVAN, Atty. Reg. #0088017, Dinsmore & Shohl, LLP, 191 West Nationwide Boulevard, Suite 300, Columbus, Ohio 43215 Attorney for Defendant-Appellee
.............
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J. (By Assignment):
{¶1} Alpha Borad, the appellant in this case, seeks reversal of summary judgment 2
granted in favor of her former employer, April Enterprises, Inc. (“April Enterprises”), in her
age discrimination suit. Borad alleges that she was fired from her position as a nurse at a
long-term care facility operated by April Enterprises because of her age. After a thorough
review of the record and law, we affirm summary judgment.
I. Factual and Procedural History
{¶2} April Enterprises operates Walnut Creek Nursing Center, a long-term care facility
in Kettering, Ohio. Borad had been employed by April Enterprises since August 30, 1994, as
a registered nurse at the facility.
{¶3} On November 3, 2009, Borad accidentally administered an extra dose of
medication to a patient. The patient was supposed to receive 72 units of diabetes medication
every 24 hours. However, Borad administered two doses to the same patient during her
12-hour shift. She immediately realized her mistake and informed her supervisor, the
Director of Nursing, Stephanie Miller, of the mistake. Miller spoke to the facility’s Medical
Director, Dr. Visiliu, and a treatment regimen was started to counteract the error. Miller
informed Borad that she was suspended pending an investigation, and a written disciplinary
infraction statement was provided. The document classified Borad’s error as a Class II
infraction in a three-tiered system. This indicated the error was serious and potentially
harmful to patients. Miller further discussed the incident with Dr. Visiliu, who expressed
concern about Borad’s performance and abilities as a nurse. Miller stated that, after speaking
with Dr. Visiliu, she had serious misgivings about Borad’s abilities. She issued a new
disciplinary document classifying the infraction as a Class I error and terminated Borad’s
employment on November 12, 2009. 3
{¶4} While April Enterprises did not identify any one nurse who was hired to replace
Borad, a newly hired nurse, Tammy Mickus, committed the same error that Borad had been
fired for — administering a double dose of the same medication to the same patient. Nurse
Mickus was apparently not disciplined for making the same error.
{¶5} On February 25, 2011, Borad filed a complaint against April Enterprises with the
common pleas court alleging that she was fired based on her age. April Enterprises answered,
and contentious discovery was conducted. On December 9, 2011, April Enterprises moved for
summary judgment arguing that Borad could not make a prima facie case for a claim of age
discrimination. Borad opposed the motion submitting affidavits, April Enterprises’s answers
to interrogatories, and references to her deposition testimony. The trial court granted April
Enterprises’s motion on February 16, 2012, finding that Borad could not meet several
necessary elements of a claim for age discrimination. Borad timely appealed that
determination to this court assigning one error for review.
II. Law and Analysis
{¶6} Borad’s assignment of error states, “[t]he trial court erred by granting April
Enterprises, Inc.’s motion for summary judgment and awarding judgment to April Enterprises,
Inc.’s [sic] on Alpha Borad [sic] claim for age discrimination when, at least, genuine issues of
fact and law remain for a jury’s deliberation.”
{¶7} Borad is challenging the grant of summary judgment. Civ.R. 56(C) provides that
[s]ummary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, depositions,
answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits, transcripts of
evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if any, timely filed in the action, 4
show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving
party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
{¶8} Smith v. Kelly, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2011 CA 77, 2012-Ohio-2547, ¶ 14, provides
that
[a]n appellate court reviews an award of summary judgment de novo. Grafton
v. Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 1996-Ohio-336, 671 N.E.2d 241
(1996). We apply the same standard as the trial court, viewing the facts in the
case in a light most favorable to the non-moving party and resolving any doubt
in favor of the non-moving party. Viock Stowe-Woodward Co., 13 Ohio
App.3d 7, 12, * * * 467 N.E.2d 1378 (6th Dist.1983).
{¶9} In order to prevail in these summary proceedings, the moving party must point to
“evidentiary materials that show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact, and that
the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. The non-moving party must then
present evidence that some issue of material fact remains for the trial court to resolve.” Id. at
¶ 15, citing Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 293, 1996-Ohio-107, 662 N.E.2d 264. 5
A. Age Discrimination
{¶10} Borad’s claim of age discrimination is rooted in R.C. 4112 et seq., which is the
embodiment of Ohio’s staunch resolve to remedy instances of discrimination based on “race,
color, religion, sex, national origin, handicap, age, or ancestry of any person.” R.C.
4112.02(A). Because this statutory scheme is similar to federal discrimination law, “[f]ederal
case law interpreting Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 2000(e) et seq., Title
42, U.S. Code, is generally applicable to cases involving alleged violations of R.C. Chapter
4112.” Little Forest Med. Ctr. of Akron v. Ohio Civ. Rights Comm., 61 Ohio St.3d 607, 609,
575 N.E.2d 1164 (1991).
{¶11} Under R.C. 4112.02(A), which sets forth unlawful employer discriminatory
practices, it is “an unlawful, discriminatory practice for any employer, because of * * * age * *
* to discharge without just cause, * * * or otherwise to discriminate against that person * * *
[on] any matter directly or indirectly related to employment.”
{¶12} In Byrnes v. LCI Communication Holdings Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 125, 128-129,
1996-Ohio-307, 672 N.E.2d 145 , the Ohio Supreme Court stated that a plaintiff-employee
may prove a claim of employer discrimination pursuant to R.C. 4112.02 via two separate
methods.
Discriminatory intent may be established indirectly by the four-part analysis set
forth in Barker v. Scovill, Inc., 6 Ohio St.3d 146, 451 N.E.2d 807 (1983),
adopted from the standards established in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green,
411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973). The Barker analysis
requires that the plaintiff-employee demonstrate “(1) that he was a member of 6
the statutorily-protected class, (2) that he was discharged, (3) that he was
qualified for the position, and (4) that he was replaced by or that his discharge
permitted the retention of a person not belonging to the protected class.”
Id., paragraph one of the syllabus. The fourth prong of this analysis has been broadened,
allowing a plaintiff to show a substantially younger individual rather than an individual not
belonging to the protected class. Coryell v. Bank One Trust Co. N.A., 101 Ohio St.3d 175,
2004-Ohio-723, 803 N.E.2d 781, paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶13} The second method to establish discriminatory intent, the court stated, is through
direct evidence of discrimination, “which is evidence other than the four-part demonstration of
Barker. A plaintiff may establish a prima facie case by presenting evidence, of any nature, to
show that an employer more likely than not was motivated by discriminatory intent.”
(Internal citations omitted.) Byrnes at 128-129.
{¶14} The trial court found that Borad failed to set forth a prima facie case of age
discrimination because she could not show that she was replaced by a substantially younger
individual or that a comparable non-protected person was treated more favorably.
{¶15} April Enterprises’s argument that Borad was not replaced by a substantially
younger individual is partially based on its discovery responses, which refused to identify a
single individual hired to replace Borad. Borad averred that as many as three nurses were
hired soon after Borad’s termination. However, Borad’s affidavit stating this fails to show
how she would have personal knowledge of this fact. Her deposition testimony demonstrates
that she was told this by other nurses still working at Walnut Creek, but Borad did not provide
any affidavits from these nurses. While April Enterprises’s incalcitrant discovery responses 7
should not be rewarded, an affidavit from any of the nurses Borad spoke with would provide
evidence that younger individuals were hired to replace Borad. Without such evidence,
Borad cannot meet the fourth prong of a prima facie case by showing she was replaced by a
substantially younger individual.
{¶16} The trial court also found that Borad did not show she was treated less favorably
than a non-protected individual. Borad averred that Nurse Mickus committed the same error
to the same patient as Borad did and that Nurse Mickus was not disciplined. April
Enterprises admitted Nurse Mickus committed the same error as Borad in its answers to
interrogatories. However, Nurse Mickus is not similarly situated to Borad in a way that
would sustain her burden of showing a younger individual was treated differently.
{¶17} In order to satisfy the alternative requirement of demonstrating that a younger
individual was treated more favorably,
the employee claiming disparate treatment must compare [her]self to those
co-employees receiving punishment who are “similarly situated in all respects.”
Mitchell v. Toledo Hospital (C.A.6, 1992), 964 F.2d 577, 583. To be
“similarly situated,” the employees with whom the employee makes the
comparison to establish disparate treatment “must have dealt with the same
supervisor, have been subject to the same standards and have engaged in the
same conduct without such differentiating or mitigating circumstances that
would distinguish their conduct or the employer's treatment of them for it.” Id.
Bullock v. Totes, Inc., 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-000269, 2000 WL 1867400, * 5 (Dec. 22,
2000). 8
{¶18} Here, the individuals are not similarly situated. Mickus was newly hired, fresh
out of nursing school, with less than two weeks of experience. Her mistake in administering
an additional dose of medication cannot be compared to a nurse with 15 years of experience.
The two also had different supervisors. Borad was supervised and terminated by Miller, who
was transferred to a different division by the time Mickus was hired.
{¶19} While the conduct was the same, differentiating and mitigating circumstances
exist to distinguish Mickus from Borad, and she cannot be used to establish that a
non-protected person was treated more favorably. Therefore, the trial court did not err in
granting summary judgment in favor of April Enterprises. Borad failed to show that any
material issue of fact existed based on reliable, admissible evidence.
III. Conclusion
{¶20} The trial court found that appellant failed to set forth a prima facie case of age
discrimination because Borad could not demonstrate that she was replaced by a substantially
younger person or that she was treated differently from a substantially similar individual.
This court reaches the same conclusion. Therefore, the trial court did not err by granting April
Enterprises’s motion for summary judgment.
{¶21} Judgment affirmed.
FROELICH and HALL, JJ., concur.
(Hon. Frank D. Celebrezze, Jr., Eighth District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio). 9
Copies mailed to:
David M. Duwel Jan E. Hensel Anjali P. Chavan Hon. Connie S. Price