Blumenshine v. Baptiste

869 P.2d 470, 1994 Alas. LEXIS 20, 1994 WL 67319
CourtAlaska Supreme Court
DecidedMarch 4, 1994
DocketS-4997, S-5018
StatusPublished
Cited by30 cases

This text of 869 P.2d 470 (Blumenshine v. Baptiste) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Alaska Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Blumenshine v. Baptiste, 869 P.2d 470, 1994 Alas. LEXIS 20, 1994 WL 67319 (Ala. 1994).

Opinions

OPINION

RABINOWITZ, Justice.

Mark Blumenshine asserts that the superi- or court erred in failing to reduce the jury’s award of past medical expenses to Wilfred J. Baptiste, Sr. based upon Baptiste’s comparative fault. The superior court ruled that Blumenshine waived the point because the jury’s verdict was inconsistent and Blu-menshine failed to object to the inconsistency before discharge of the jury. Baptiste cross-appeals, claiming the superior court erred in setting aside the jury’s award of future medical expenses and in determining that Blu-menshine was the prevailing party in awarding attorney’s fees.

We affirm the superior court’s set aside of the award of future medical expenses and its refusal to reduce the jury’s award for past medical expenses. We reverse the superior court’s prevailing party determination.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Baptiste and Blumenshine were involved in an automobile accident in which Baptiste was injured. Blumenshine admitted that he was negligent and that his negligence proximately caused injury to Baptiste. However, Blu-menshine contended that Baptiste’s own negligence was partly or fully responsible for the latter’s injuries.

At trial Baptiste sought compensatory damages for past medical expenses in the amount of $19,371, future medical expenses in the same amount, past and future physical impairment, past and future pain and suffering; he also sought punitive damages. Baptiste’s wife sought damages for loss of consortium.

In a special verdict, the jury awarded Baptiste $19,371.36 for past medical expenses, $2,500 for future medical expenses, $8,000 for past and future physical impairment and $8,001 for past and future pain and suffering. The jury awarded no loss of consortium or punitive damages. The jury also found that Baptiste was 25% comparatively negligent, and that this negligence was a legal cause of his injuries. An asterisk and handwritten note on the jury’s special verdict form indi[472]*472cated that the damage amounts specified in the special verdict categories “should be net amounts[.] Plaintiff to receive all amounts.”

Upon return of the special verdict, the superior court held a bench conference with the attorneys. The court called the attorneys’ attention to the jury’s handwritten note, but did not at that time inform them of the amounts awarded. With the attorneys’ consent, the superior court asked the jury whether it intended “that these numbers have included your calculation as to comparative negligence, and that you expect the plaintiff to receive all those numbers.” The foreperson responded “Yes.” The superior court then read the special verdict into the record. After both attorneys declined the opportunity to poll the jury, the superior court discharged the jury. Neither counsel objected to its discharge.

Blumenshine later moved for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) on the basis that (1) the award of past medical expenses did not reflect Baptiste’s 25% comparative negligence, and (2) the evidence presented was insufficient to support the award of future medical expenses. Blumenshine also moved for a determination that he was the prevailing party for purposes of an award of attorney’s fees and costs.

The superior court denied Blumenshine a 25% reduction in the jury’s award of past medical expenses. The court granted Blu-menshine’s motion with respect to future medical expenses and decided Blumenshine was the prevailing party. This appeal and cross-appeal followed.1

II. DISCUSSION

A. Waiver of Inconsistency in Jury’s Verdict

Blumenshine argues that the superior court erred in declining to reduce the jury’s award of past medical expenses to reflect Baptiste’s comparative negligence. In response, Baptiste argues that the jury’s ver-diet as to past medical expenses was inconsistent, and that Blumenshine waived any objection to the award by failing to challenge the consistency of the verdict prior to the jury’s discharge.

Baptiste adduced evidence showing he had sustained $19,371 in damages for past medical expenses. The jury found that Baptiste had suffered $19,371 in past medical expenses and that 25% of his damages were sustained as a consequence of his comparative fault.2 Without the jury’s note to its special verdict, Baptiste’s award would have been reduced by 25% to reflect his comparative negligence. However, the jury’s note and the foreperson’s response to the superior court’s question indicated that the jury had already reduced the amount awarded for past medical expenses in consideration of Baptiste’s comparative negligence. Given the evidence produced as to past medical expenses, the amount of damages for past medical expenses found by the jury, and the jury’s note to its special verdict, it is clear that the verdict as to this damage issue is inconsistent.

Blumenshine urges us to ignore the handwritten note as “surplusage.” In support of this contention, Blumenshine cites instances in which courts have disregarded extraneous notes from the jury. Barrow v. Talbott, 417 N.E.2d 917, 921 (Ind.App.1981) (disregarding a note that stated that portion of award was for future medical expenses); Gilmore v. Control Data Corp., 442 N.W.2d 835, 839 (Minn.App.1989) (disregarding a note that stated that attorney’s fees and court costs were to be awarded); Gustavson v. O’Brien, 87 Wis.2d 193, 274 N.W.2d 627, 634 (1979) (disregarding a note regarding contributory negligence where it was not an issue in the case). The notes in Barrow and Gilmore did not create any inconsistencies. Rather, they constituted additional “findings” the jury was not asked to make. Here the jury’s note explained its award for past medi[473]*473cal expenses and therefore, it cannot be struck as mere surplusage.

“To give effect to the jury trial right in civil cases” this court will examine the pleadings, instructions, arguments and evidence to obtain a view of the case that harmonizes what seems at first to be an inconsistent verdict. Schmit v. Stewart, 601 P.2d 266 (Alaska 1979). “We will look for consistency, but will not create it where there is none.” City of Homer v. Land’s End Marine, 459 P.2d 475, 478 (Alaska 1969). Blumenshine has failed to present any plausible theory of consistency short of ignoring the note and the foreperson’s response to the superior court’s inquiry.

Based on the inconsistency of the jury’s verdict, Baptiste argues that Blu-menshine waived any objection to the verdict.3 We agree. “Challenges to the consistency of a verdict are deemed waived unless made prior to the discharge of the jury.” Buoy v. ERA Helicopters, Inc., 771 P.2d 439, 446 n. 7 (Alaska 1989); City of Homer,

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Bluebook (online)
869 P.2d 470, 1994 Alas. LEXIS 20, 1994 WL 67319, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/blumenshine-v-baptiste-alaska-1994.