MILLER, Chief Justice
(on reassignment).
This is an appeal from a declaratory judgment action in which a trial court determined the enactment of ARSD 20:18:17:24.14 was an unconstitutional exercise of authority by the South Dakota Commission on Gaming. We reverse and remand.
[72]*72
FACTS
“Quartermania” is the trade name for a group of progressive slot machines in Deadwood, South Dakota. “Progressive” means the jackpot increases each time a machine on the Quartermania system is played. The Quartermania machines at different casinos are electronically connected to a “progressive controller” which continuously monitors each connected machine for inserted coins and multiplies the coins by the rate of progression in order to determine the progressive jackpot. Machines linked together must each have the same probability of hitting the jackpot. The more machines linked together, the bigger the jackpot potential.
Each machine must also be connected to a meter which constantly updates and displays the jackpot amount to the player. Due to the meters and progressive controllers, progressive machines have additional security requirements inapplicable to other slot machines.
Quartermania is authorized under ARSD 20:18:17:24.14, a rule promulgated by the South Dakota Commission on Gaming (Gaming Commission). This rule allows a licensed manufacturer or distributor to supply the central computer which monitors each progressive slot machine in the system and displays the progressive amount, as well as providing other accounting data. The rule also permits a manufacturer or distributor to manage and monitor the accounting, collection and disbursement of progressive payouts.
IGT, Inc. is a licensed manufacturer of slot machines and gaming equipment. Sodak Gaming Supplies, Inc. (Sodak) is a licensed distributor of IGT’s slot machines and gaming equipment. Together, IGT/Sodak perform the monitoring, accounting, collection and disbursement function for Quartermania. They bill each participating slot machine operator a monthly charge of $85.00 for telephone service and computer time plus 6% of the total coins played in each machine. The 6% funds potential jackpots, which are placed in reserve accounts by IGT, and also pays for the services of Sodak/IGT.
ARSD 20:18:17:24.14 became effective on July 1, 1990. On July 7, 1990, Black Hills Novelty (Black Hills), a licensed operator which owns “Treasury Link,” another progressive slot machine system in Deadwood, filed a petition with the Gaming Commission requesting repeal of ARSD 20:18:17:24.14. Black Hills claimed the rule violated the law by permitting distributors and manufacturers to perform the audit and security functions reserved to operators of slot machines. IGT was granted permission to intervene in the Gaming Commission action. The Gaming Commission denied the request for repeal of the rule.
Black Hills then filed both an appeal of the Gaming Commission’s ruling and a declaratory judgment action in circuit court, requesting the court find the rule unconstitutional as exceeding the authority of the Gaming Commission. By acquiescence of the parties, appeal of the Gaming Commission’s ruling was stayed pending the outcome of the declaratory judgment action.
Agreeing there were no factual issues involved, Black Hills and IGT/Sodak filed cross-motions for summary judgment in the declaratory judgment action. On January 12, 1993, the trial court found ARSD 20:18:17:24.14 was an invalid and unconstitutional exercise of legislative power by the Gaming Commission and entered summary judgment for Black Hills. This appeal followed.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
In declaratory judgment actions, this Court “has an obligation to reach its legal conclusions independent from the conclusions reached by the trial court.” Northwestern Bell Telephone v. Stofferahn, 461 N.W.2d 129, 134 (S.D.1990). Thus, we review these questions of law de novo. In re SDDS, Inc., 472 N.W.2d 502, 507 (S.D.1992); Permann v. Department of Labor, 411 N.W.2d 113, 117 (S.D.1987).
DECISION
I. Neither Res Judicata Nor Collateral Es-toppel Bar This Appeal.
Sodak/IGT first assert this action is barred by the res judicata effect of the Gam[73]*73ing Commission’s ruling. Although collateral estoppel was raised by pleadings to the circuit court, the legal theories of res judicata and collateral estoppel are not synonymous. Merchants State Bank v. Light, 458 N.W.2d 792 (S.D.1990). Because the issue of res judicata was not raised below, it was waived and will not be considered for the first time on appeal. Fullmer v. State Farm Ins. Co., 498 N.W.2d 357, 360 (S.D.1993); Mash v. Cutler, 488 N.W.2d 642, 648 (S.D.1992).
For the doctrine of collateral estop-pel to apply, four tests must be met:
(1) Was the issue decided in the prior adjudication identical with the one presented in the action in question?
(2) Was there a final judgment on the merits?
(3) Was the party against whom the plea is asserted a party or in privity with a party to the prior adjudication?
(4) Did the party against whom the plea is asserted have a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue in the prior adjudication?
Staab v. Cameron, 351 N.W.2d 463, 465 (S.D. 1984). The appeal of the Gaming Commission’s ruling means there was no final adjudication on the merits. Therefore, collateral estoppel does not bar this appeal.
II. The Gaming Commission Did Not Unconstitutionally Exceed Its Authority In Promulgating ARSD 20:18:17:⅜¾.
The trial court found that ARSD 20:18:17:24.14 violated sections of SDCL eh. 42-7B by unlawfully permitting slot machine manufacturers and distributors to perform functions statutorily reserved to operators and retailers. This resulted in a declaratory judgment holding the rule was an unconstitutional and invalid exercise of legislative power by the Gaming Commission and an order granting summary judgment for Black Hills. See Matter of Application No. 5189-3, 467 N.W.2d 907 (S.D.1991). We disagree with the trial court.
Article III, § 1 of the South Dakota Constitution grants the legislature the power to enact laws. It is settled law that the legislature may delegate quasi-legislative duties to administrative agencies “so long as the applicable statute promulgates a legislative policy and outlines the standard to be followed in its execution.” Utah Idaho Sugar Co. v. Temmey, 68 S.D. 623, 630, 5 N.W.2d 486, 489 (1942);
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MILLER, Chief Justice
(on reassignment).
This is an appeal from a declaratory judgment action in which a trial court determined the enactment of ARSD 20:18:17:24.14 was an unconstitutional exercise of authority by the South Dakota Commission on Gaming. We reverse and remand.
[72]*72
FACTS
“Quartermania” is the trade name for a group of progressive slot machines in Deadwood, South Dakota. “Progressive” means the jackpot increases each time a machine on the Quartermania system is played. The Quartermania machines at different casinos are electronically connected to a “progressive controller” which continuously monitors each connected machine for inserted coins and multiplies the coins by the rate of progression in order to determine the progressive jackpot. Machines linked together must each have the same probability of hitting the jackpot. The more machines linked together, the bigger the jackpot potential.
Each machine must also be connected to a meter which constantly updates and displays the jackpot amount to the player. Due to the meters and progressive controllers, progressive machines have additional security requirements inapplicable to other slot machines.
Quartermania is authorized under ARSD 20:18:17:24.14, a rule promulgated by the South Dakota Commission on Gaming (Gaming Commission). This rule allows a licensed manufacturer or distributor to supply the central computer which monitors each progressive slot machine in the system and displays the progressive amount, as well as providing other accounting data. The rule also permits a manufacturer or distributor to manage and monitor the accounting, collection and disbursement of progressive payouts.
IGT, Inc. is a licensed manufacturer of slot machines and gaming equipment. Sodak Gaming Supplies, Inc. (Sodak) is a licensed distributor of IGT’s slot machines and gaming equipment. Together, IGT/Sodak perform the monitoring, accounting, collection and disbursement function for Quartermania. They bill each participating slot machine operator a monthly charge of $85.00 for telephone service and computer time plus 6% of the total coins played in each machine. The 6% funds potential jackpots, which are placed in reserve accounts by IGT, and also pays for the services of Sodak/IGT.
ARSD 20:18:17:24.14 became effective on July 1, 1990. On July 7, 1990, Black Hills Novelty (Black Hills), a licensed operator which owns “Treasury Link,” another progressive slot machine system in Deadwood, filed a petition with the Gaming Commission requesting repeal of ARSD 20:18:17:24.14. Black Hills claimed the rule violated the law by permitting distributors and manufacturers to perform the audit and security functions reserved to operators of slot machines. IGT was granted permission to intervene in the Gaming Commission action. The Gaming Commission denied the request for repeal of the rule.
Black Hills then filed both an appeal of the Gaming Commission’s ruling and a declaratory judgment action in circuit court, requesting the court find the rule unconstitutional as exceeding the authority of the Gaming Commission. By acquiescence of the parties, appeal of the Gaming Commission’s ruling was stayed pending the outcome of the declaratory judgment action.
Agreeing there were no factual issues involved, Black Hills and IGT/Sodak filed cross-motions for summary judgment in the declaratory judgment action. On January 12, 1993, the trial court found ARSD 20:18:17:24.14 was an invalid and unconstitutional exercise of legislative power by the Gaming Commission and entered summary judgment for Black Hills. This appeal followed.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
In declaratory judgment actions, this Court “has an obligation to reach its legal conclusions independent from the conclusions reached by the trial court.” Northwestern Bell Telephone v. Stofferahn, 461 N.W.2d 129, 134 (S.D.1990). Thus, we review these questions of law de novo. In re SDDS, Inc., 472 N.W.2d 502, 507 (S.D.1992); Permann v. Department of Labor, 411 N.W.2d 113, 117 (S.D.1987).
DECISION
I. Neither Res Judicata Nor Collateral Es-toppel Bar This Appeal.
Sodak/IGT first assert this action is barred by the res judicata effect of the Gam[73]*73ing Commission’s ruling. Although collateral estoppel was raised by pleadings to the circuit court, the legal theories of res judicata and collateral estoppel are not synonymous. Merchants State Bank v. Light, 458 N.W.2d 792 (S.D.1990). Because the issue of res judicata was not raised below, it was waived and will not be considered for the first time on appeal. Fullmer v. State Farm Ins. Co., 498 N.W.2d 357, 360 (S.D.1993); Mash v. Cutler, 488 N.W.2d 642, 648 (S.D.1992).
For the doctrine of collateral estop-pel to apply, four tests must be met:
(1) Was the issue decided in the prior adjudication identical with the one presented in the action in question?
(2) Was there a final judgment on the merits?
(3) Was the party against whom the plea is asserted a party or in privity with a party to the prior adjudication?
(4) Did the party against whom the plea is asserted have a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue in the prior adjudication?
Staab v. Cameron, 351 N.W.2d 463, 465 (S.D. 1984). The appeal of the Gaming Commission’s ruling means there was no final adjudication on the merits. Therefore, collateral estoppel does not bar this appeal.
II. The Gaming Commission Did Not Unconstitutionally Exceed Its Authority In Promulgating ARSD 20:18:17:⅜¾.
The trial court found that ARSD 20:18:17:24.14 violated sections of SDCL eh. 42-7B by unlawfully permitting slot machine manufacturers and distributors to perform functions statutorily reserved to operators and retailers. This resulted in a declaratory judgment holding the rule was an unconstitutional and invalid exercise of legislative power by the Gaming Commission and an order granting summary judgment for Black Hills. See Matter of Application No. 5189-3, 467 N.W.2d 907 (S.D.1991). We disagree with the trial court.
Article III, § 1 of the South Dakota Constitution grants the legislature the power to enact laws. It is settled law that the legislature may delegate quasi-legislative duties to administrative agencies “so long as the applicable statute promulgates a legislative policy and outlines the standard to be followed in its execution.” Utah Idaho Sugar Co. v. Temmey, 68 S.D. 623, 630, 5 N.W.2d 486, 489 (1942); Oahe Conservancy Subdistrict v. Janklow, 308 N.W.2d 559, 563 (S.D.1981). The legislature delineated the standard to be followed in SDCL 42-7B-2.1.1
Under the authority granted by SDCL 42-7B-72, the Gaming Commission utilized its rulemaking power to enact the questioned regulation, ARSD 20:18:17:24.14, which provides:
A licensed manufacturer or distributor may supply a licensed operator with a communications service that would interlink progressive slot machines and related equipment in the city of Deadwood, or any other location in South Dakota authorized [74]*74by law, and may manage and monitor the accounting, collection, and disbursement of progressive payouts. The system must be approved by the commission.
South Dakota law prohibits a slot machine manufacturer or distributor from being licensed as an operator or retailer:
(1) Slot machine manufacturer or distributor. The license fee is one thousand dollars and thereafter an annual fee renewable July first of each year in the sum of two hundred fifty dollars. A slot machine manufacturer or distributor may not be licensed as an operator or retailer [.]
SDCL 42-7B-22(l) (emphasis added).
A slot machine operator is defined by statute:
(16) “Operator,” any person who places slot machines upon his own business premises or any person who, individually or jointly pursuant to an agreement whereby consideration is paid for the right to place slot machines or gaming tables, engages in the business of placing and operating slot machines or gaming tables within the city of Deadwood [.]
SDCL 42-7B-4(16) (emphasis added).
SDCL 42-7B-4(16) was enacted in the conjunctive; therefore, to be defined as an “operator” under the statute, an entity must both “place” and “operate” slot machines. Norgeot v. State, 334 N.W.2d 501, 504 (S.D.1983) (“We cannot replace the plain language of the statute with an interpretation which would turn a conjunctive phrase into a disjunctive one. We simply must take the legislative enactment at face value.”); Weber v. South Dakota Dep’t of Labor, 323 N.W.2d 117, 120 (S.D.1982) (stating all three elements of a conjunctive test must be met for statute to apply).
First, Sodak/IGT are not “placing” slot machines in gambling establishments. They are not “paid for the right to place slot machines ... within the city of Deadwood,” but for providing slot machine operators with telecommunications and special accounting and security services associated with the Quartermania system.
Nor are Sodak/IGT “operating” slot machines in establishments. Operators of slot machines are required by statute and administrative regulations to perform certain mandatory tasks. These duties include maintaining slot machines in proper working order, securing access to the interior of the machines, performing slot machine drop and fill procedures, recording slot machine meter readings, preparing accounting reports, and reporting and remitting gaming taxes and fees. SDCL 42-7B-23, -28; see generally ARSD 20:18:17-20:18:22. The record shows no evidence that these functions are being performed by Sodak/IGT. Therefore, they are not operators as defined by statute and administrative regulation. Because So-dak/IGT do not fit the statutory definition of “placing and operating” slot machines, they are not operators as defined by statute.
Second, Sodak/IGT do not become operators by performing audit and security functions which operators may delegate under both statute and administrative regulations. Under SDCL 42-7B-173, an operator is legally responsible to “provide” audit and security measures. There is nothing in the law which prohibits an operator from delegating the performance of these functions to someone else. In fact, the Gaming Internal Control and Revenue Reporting Manual expressly provides that an operator’s duties and functions may be delegated in accord with the law.4 However, the operator retains [75]*75legal responsibility for the audit and security functions required under SDCL 42-7B-17.
Further, the audit and security functions provided by Sodak/IGT for the Quartermania system are in addition to the obligations imposed on the operators or retailers of all non-progressive machines. Black Hills admits this by stating “IGT/Sodak perform an audit function that no single licensed operator in the system can either provide or perform.” Where the management functions performed are in addition to those required of operators by law, and could not even be performed by individual operators, Sodak/IGT are clearly not transformed into operators by supplying those audit and security services.
Third, the fact that Sodak/IGT are paid a percentage of the coin drop rather than a flat fee for services does not convert them into operators. The money paid is a business expense for services provided, not consideration paid for the right to place slot machines. The progressive controller must continuously monitor each connected machine for inserted coins and must multiply the number of coins by the rate of progression in order to determine the correct amount to apply to the progressive jackpot. Therefore, the monitoring and calculation services provided by Sodak/IGT are directly dependent on the number of coins played in a particular machine. The percentage of the coin drop paid to Sodak/IGT is a business expense calculated on use, not a percentage of profits from the machines. Accord SDCL 42-7A-24 (defining net proceeds as funds not needed for the payment of prizes, lottery expenses and for replacement, maintenance and upgrade of business systems, product development, legal and operating contingencies).
In enacting ARSD 20:18:17:24.14 the Gaming Commission did not exceed its rulemak-ing power under SDCL 42-7B-7 and thereby violate Article III, § 1, of the South Dakota Constitution. We reverse the summary judgment granted to Black Hills and remand to the circuit court with instructions to enter summary judgment for Sodak/IGT.
WTJEST, J., and TUCKER, Circuit Judge, concur.
HENDERSON and SABERS, JJ„ dissent.
TUCKER, Circuit Judge, sitting for AMUNDSON, J., disqualified.