Ashley M. Johnson v. Frost Bank

District Court, S.D. Texas·Decided May 19, 2026·No. 4:25-cv-04480·Unknown

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT May 19, 2026 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS Nathan Ochsner, Clerk HOUSTON DIVISION Ashley M. Johnson, § Plaintiff, § § v. § Civil Action H-25-4480 § Frost Bank, § Defendant. § ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR ENTRY OF DEFAULT AND MEMORANDUM AND RECOMMENDATION ON DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS This case has been referred to the undersigned magistrate judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). ECF No. 6. Pending before the court are (1) Plaintiff’s Request for Clerk’s Entry of Default, ECF No. 20; (2) Defendant’s Motion for Leave to Supplement Response in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Request for Entry of Default, ECF No. 26; and (3) Defendant’s 12(b)(6) Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint, ECF No. 23. Plaintiff’s Request for Clerk’s Entry of Default, ECF No. 20, is DENIED, and Defendant’s Motion for Leave to Supplement Response, ECF No. 26, is DENIED. The court recommends that Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 23, be GRANTED in PART. 1. Background Plaintiff Ashley Johnson brings this case under Title VII, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), and the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, 29 U.S.C. §§ 2601 et seq. (FMLA). ECF No. 1 at 3. Johnson began working for Defendant Frost Bank on May 8, 2023. ECF No. 1 at 7. Johnson asserts that her employer subjected her to retaliatory treatment and a series of adverse actions after she reported “incidents of racial slurs, profiling of customers, and exclusionary behavior by leadership.” Id. at 4, 8. She alleges discrimination based on race, sex, and disability. Id. at 4. As adverse actions, she alleges retaliation, failure to promote, unequal terms and conditions of employment, and “interference with protected FMLA rights” to take medical leave. Id. at 3–4. She states that the alleged discriminatory acts began on May 18, 2024, and continued until April or May of 2025. Id. at 4. Johnson’s Complaint states that she received her Notice of Right to Sue from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) on May 23, 2025. ECF No. 1 at 5. She attached a copy of the Notice of Right to Sue letter to her Complaint. ECF No. 1- 1 at 2. The letter also shows that it was issued on the same date that Johnson received it—May 23, 2025. Id. The letter states in bold letters that any lawsuit must be filed within ninety days of receipt of the notice. Id. Ninety-one days later, on August 22, 2025, Johnson filed her Complaint and an application to proceed in forma pauperis in federal court. See Johnson v. Frost Bank, 4:25-mc-01571, ECF No. 1 (S.D. Tex. Aug. 22, 2025). There are two pending motions before the court—Johnson’s Request for Clerk’s Entry of Default, ECF No. 20, and Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 23. The court addresses each motion in turn, providing additional background facts as needed. 2. Johnson’s Request for Clerk’s Entry of Default On March 9, 2026, Johnson filed a Request for Entry of Default against Defendant pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55(a). ECF No. 20. Johnson asserts that Defendant failed to timely respond to the lawsuit. Id. She argues that Defendant was properly served on February 13, 2026, making its response deadline March 6, 2026. Id. (citing Process Receipt and Return, ECF No. 19; Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(a)(1)(A)(i)). She states that as of the time of filing, Defendant had not responded to the action and no attorney had entered an appearance on its behalf. Id. The Process Receipt and Return shows that the United States Marshals Service served Defendant’s registered agent, Corporation Service Company (CSC), with a copy of Johnson’s summons and Complaint via certified mail. ECF No. 19. The Process Receipt and Return states that service was executed on February 13, 2026, at 11:14 a.m. Id. A United States Postal Service tracking number, 9589 0710 5270 2722 9851 29, was handwritten on the bottom of document. Id. A search of that tracking number on the Postal Service’s website confirms that the parcel was “Delivered to Agent, Left with Individual” on “February 13, 2026, 11:14 am.” U.S. POSTAL SERV., USPS Tracking, https://tools.usps.com/go/TrackAction (last visited May 13, 2026). The day after Johnson filed her Request for Entry of Default, Defendant filed its response in opposition. ECF No. 24. Defendant argues that it was not served until February 17, 2026. Id. at 2. Attached to its motion is an email from CSC to Defendant dated February 18, 2026. ECF No. 24-1 at 2. The email states that Johnson’s Complaint was served on CSC on February 17, 2026. Id. Moreover, Defendant argues that the Process Receipt and Return does not comply with Texas service of process requirements. Id. at 3. While Defendant does not assert that service was defective on that basis, it argues that the Process Receipt and Return cannot support an entry of default. Id. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55(a) provides that “[w]hen a party against whom a judgment for affirmative relief is sought has failed to plead or otherwise defend, and that failure is shown by affidavit or otherwise, the clerk must enter the party’s default.” However, “[a] defendant cannot default if he had no duty to answer the suit—and he need not answer until ‘service has been perfected.’” Espinoza v. Humphries, 44 F.4th 275, 276 (5th Cir. 2022). A plaintiff is permitted to complete service of process by following the service-of-process laws of the state in which the federal district court is located. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e). Texas law allows service by certified mail with return receipt requested. Tex. R. Civ. P. 106(a)(2). When a defendant is served by certified mail, the return of service “must also contain the return receipt with the addressee’s signature.” Tex. R. Civ. P. 107(c). There is no return receipt (PS Form 3811—the “Green Card”) attached to the Process Receipt and Return. And it does not contain the signature of anyone from CSC. Because the Process Receipt and Return does not conform with the requirements of Texas law, it cannot conclusively establish the date of service. Defendant’s evidence shows that its registered agent was served on February 17, 2026. That means that its response was not due until March 10, 2026, which is the day after Johnson filed her motion for entry of default. Because Defendant did not have a duty to answer Johnson’s lawsuit as of the date of filing her motion, the Clerk could not have entered default against it. Moreover, under Rule 55(c), the court may set aside an entry of default for good cause. Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(c). Additionally, under Rule 6(b), courts may extend the time to answer for good cause and excusable neglect. It is clear that Defendant believed that its response to Johnson’s Complaint was not due until March 10, 2026. On March 10, 2026, Defendant filed a response to the instant motion and a motion to dismiss Johnson’s Complaint under Rule 12. Defendant has now appeared in the case and is defending itself. Were default to be entered, the court would find good cause to set it aside under Rules 55(c) and 6(b). For these reasons, Johnson’s Request for Entry of Clerk’s Default, ECF No. 20, is DENIED. The Clerk of Court is ORDERED to refrain from entering default against Defendant.

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