UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 17-1071
ALLISON COLTER, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
OMNI INSURANCE COMPANY; OMNI INDEMNITY COMPANY,
Defendants - Appellees.
No. 17-1104
ALLISON COLTER, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
Defendants - Appellants.
Appeals from the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, at Columbia. J. Michelle Childs, District Judge. (3:15-cv-04171-JMC)
Submitted: February 8, 2018 Decided: February 15, 2018 Before MOTZ, TRAXLER, and DIAZ, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed in part, dismissed in part by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Thomas Jefferson Goodwyn, Jr., Rachel Anna Gottlieb Peavy, GOODWYN LAW FIRM, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellant/Cross-Appellee. Helen F. Hiser, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, Brett H. Bayne, MCANGUS, GOUDELOCK & COURIE, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellees/Cross-Appellants.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
2 PER CURIAM:
Allison Colter appeals the district court’s order dismissing her complaint pursuant
to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), and denying her motion to amend her complaint (hereinafter,
“dismissal order”). Colter also appeals the district court’s order denying her
postjudgment motion filed pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e). Omni Insurance Co. and
Omni Indemnity Co. (collectively, “Omni”) cross-appeal from the district court’s denial
of its request for sanctions pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(c)(2). For the reasons that
follow, we affirm the district court’s order denying Colter’s postjudgment motion and
denying Omni’s request for sanctions, and we dismiss Colter’s appeal from the district
court’s dismissal order.
“[W]e have an independent obligation to verify the existence of appellate
jurisdiction.” Porter v. Zook, 803 F.3d 694, 696 (4th Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks
omitted). “[T]he timely filing of a notice of appeal in a civil case is a jurisdictional
requirement.” Bowles v. Russell, 551 U.S. 205, 214 (2007). A notice of appeal must be
filed no more than 30 days after the entry of the district court’s final judgment or order,
Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A), unless the district court extends the appeal period under Fed.
R. App. P. 4(a)(5), or reopens the appeal period under Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(6).
However, when a party files a timely Rule 59 motion before filing a notice of
appeal, the time to file an appeal runs from the entry of the order resolving the Rule 59
motion. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(iv). A Rule 59(e) motion must be filed within 28
days of entry of the district court’s judgment. Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e). A district court
cannot extend the time to file a Rule 59(e) motion. Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b)(2).
3 Here, the district court entered its dismissal order on July 12, 2016. On July 18,
2016, Colter filed an unopposed motion for an extension of time to file a Rule 59(e)
motion. The district court granted Colter’s motion, though it was without authority to do
so. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b)(2). Colter then filed her Rule 59(e) motion on August 24,
2016, more than 28 days after the entry of the district court’s dismissal order, which
rendered the motion untimely. The district court denied Colter’s Rule 59(e) motion on
January 7, 2017, and Colter noted an appeal from both the dismissal order and the order
denying her Rule 59(e) motion on January 17, 2017. Omni noted its cross-appeal on
January 27, 2017.
Because Colter’s Rule 59(e) motion was not timely filed, the appeal period for the
dismissal order was not tolled by the filing of that motion. See Fed. R. App. P.
4(a)(4)(A). Consequently, Colter’s appeal from the dismissal order was filed well after
the 30-day appeal period expired. We therefore lack jurisdiction to consider the district
court’s dismissal order. See Bowles, 551 U.S. at 214.
Colter seeks to avoid this result by arguing that she believed her Rule 59(e) motion
would be timely filed and toll the appeal period because the district court granted her
motion for an extension of time to file her Rule 59(e) motion. Colter’s argument relies
on the “unique circumstances doctrine.” See Alston v. MCI Commc’ns Corp., 84 F.3d
705, 706-07 (4th Cir. 1996) (describing doctrine). Assuming that the unique
circumstances doctrine was not wholly vitiated by Bowles, 551 U.S. at 214, we conclude
that Colter’s argument under that doctrine is foreclosed by our decision in Panhorst v.
United States, 241 F.3d 367 (4th Cir. 2001). In Panhorst, we observed that “a party
4 cannot reasonably rely on a district court’s improper extension of time where the party
requests relief that, as a plain reading of the Rules [of Civil Procedure] would show, is
beyond the court’s authority.” Id. at 373. Accordingly, Colter could not have reasonably
relied on the district court’s order granting her an extension of time to conclude that her
Rule 59(e) motion would be timely filed.
We do, however, have jurisdiction to review the district court’s order denying
Colter’s Rule 59(e) motion and denying Omni’s request for sanctions. Beginning with
Colter’s postjudgment motion, because the motion was filed beyond the 28-day period
provided in Rule 59(e), the district court should have construed the motion as a Fed. R.
Civ. P. 60(b) motion. * See MLC Auto., LLC v. Town of S. Pines, 532 F.3d 269, 278 (4th
Cir. 2008); Dove v. CODESCO, 569 F.2d 807, 809 (4th Cir. 1978). Nevertheless, we
have reviewed the denial of Colter’s postjudgment motion under the standards for both
Rule 59(e) and Rule 60(b), and we conclude that the district court did not abuse its
discretion in denying the motion. See Aikens v. Ingram, 652 F.3d 496, 501 (4th Cir.
2011) (en banc) (stating standard of review for Rule 60(b) motion); Robinson v. Wix
Filtration Corp., 599 F.3d 403, 407-13 (4th Cir.
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 17-1071
ALLISON COLTER, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
OMNI INSURANCE COMPANY; OMNI INDEMNITY COMPANY,
Defendants - Appellees.
No. 17-1104
ALLISON COLTER, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
Defendants - Appellants.
Appeals from the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, at Columbia. J. Michelle Childs, District Judge. (3:15-cv-04171-JMC)
Submitted: February 8, 2018 Decided: February 15, 2018 Before MOTZ, TRAXLER, and DIAZ, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed in part, dismissed in part by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Thomas Jefferson Goodwyn, Jr., Rachel Anna Gottlieb Peavy, GOODWYN LAW FIRM, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellant/Cross-Appellee. Helen F. Hiser, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, Brett H. Bayne, MCANGUS, GOUDELOCK & COURIE, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellees/Cross-Appellants.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
2 PER CURIAM:
Allison Colter appeals the district court’s order dismissing her complaint pursuant
to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), and denying her motion to amend her complaint (hereinafter,
“dismissal order”). Colter also appeals the district court’s order denying her
postjudgment motion filed pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e). Omni Insurance Co. and
Omni Indemnity Co. (collectively, “Omni”) cross-appeal from the district court’s denial
of its request for sanctions pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(c)(2). For the reasons that
follow, we affirm the district court’s order denying Colter’s postjudgment motion and
denying Omni’s request for sanctions, and we dismiss Colter’s appeal from the district
court’s dismissal order.
“[W]e have an independent obligation to verify the existence of appellate
jurisdiction.” Porter v. Zook, 803 F.3d 694, 696 (4th Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks
omitted). “[T]he timely filing of a notice of appeal in a civil case is a jurisdictional
requirement.” Bowles v. Russell, 551 U.S. 205, 214 (2007). A notice of appeal must be
filed no more than 30 days after the entry of the district court’s final judgment or order,
Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A), unless the district court extends the appeal period under Fed.
R. App. P. 4(a)(5), or reopens the appeal period under Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(6).
However, when a party files a timely Rule 59 motion before filing a notice of
appeal, the time to file an appeal runs from the entry of the order resolving the Rule 59
motion. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(iv). A Rule 59(e) motion must be filed within 28
days of entry of the district court’s judgment. Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e). A district court
cannot extend the time to file a Rule 59(e) motion. Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b)(2).
3 Here, the district court entered its dismissal order on July 12, 2016. On July 18,
2016, Colter filed an unopposed motion for an extension of time to file a Rule 59(e)
motion. The district court granted Colter’s motion, though it was without authority to do
so. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b)(2). Colter then filed her Rule 59(e) motion on August 24,
2016, more than 28 days after the entry of the district court’s dismissal order, which
rendered the motion untimely. The district court denied Colter’s Rule 59(e) motion on
January 7, 2017, and Colter noted an appeal from both the dismissal order and the order
denying her Rule 59(e) motion on January 17, 2017. Omni noted its cross-appeal on
January 27, 2017.
Because Colter’s Rule 59(e) motion was not timely filed, the appeal period for the
dismissal order was not tolled by the filing of that motion. See Fed. R. App. P.
4(a)(4)(A). Consequently, Colter’s appeal from the dismissal order was filed well after
the 30-day appeal period expired. We therefore lack jurisdiction to consider the district
court’s dismissal order. See Bowles, 551 U.S. at 214.
Colter seeks to avoid this result by arguing that she believed her Rule 59(e) motion
would be timely filed and toll the appeal period because the district court granted her
motion for an extension of time to file her Rule 59(e) motion. Colter’s argument relies
on the “unique circumstances doctrine.” See Alston v. MCI Commc’ns Corp., 84 F.3d
705, 706-07 (4th Cir. 1996) (describing doctrine). Assuming that the unique
circumstances doctrine was not wholly vitiated by Bowles, 551 U.S. at 214, we conclude
that Colter’s argument under that doctrine is foreclosed by our decision in Panhorst v.
United States, 241 F.3d 367 (4th Cir. 2001). In Panhorst, we observed that “a party
4 cannot reasonably rely on a district court’s improper extension of time where the party
requests relief that, as a plain reading of the Rules [of Civil Procedure] would show, is
beyond the court’s authority.” Id. at 373. Accordingly, Colter could not have reasonably
relied on the district court’s order granting her an extension of time to conclude that her
Rule 59(e) motion would be timely filed.
We do, however, have jurisdiction to review the district court’s order denying
Colter’s Rule 59(e) motion and denying Omni’s request for sanctions. Beginning with
Colter’s postjudgment motion, because the motion was filed beyond the 28-day period
provided in Rule 59(e), the district court should have construed the motion as a Fed. R.
Civ. P. 60(b) motion. * See MLC Auto., LLC v. Town of S. Pines, 532 F.3d 269, 278 (4th
Cir. 2008); Dove v. CODESCO, 569 F.2d 807, 809 (4th Cir. 1978). Nevertheless, we
have reviewed the denial of Colter’s postjudgment motion under the standards for both
Rule 59(e) and Rule 60(b), and we conclude that the district court did not abuse its
discretion in denying the motion. See Aikens v. Ingram, 652 F.3d 496, 501 (4th Cir.
2011) (en banc) (stating standard of review for Rule 60(b) motion); Robinson v. Wix
Filtration Corp., 599 F.3d 403, 407-13 (4th Cir. 2010) (same for Rule 59(e) motion and
* Colter raises this point in relation to the timeliness of her appeal from the dismissal order and contends that, if her Rule 59(e) motion was untimely, then the motion should be construed as a timely filed Rule 60(b) motion. However, construing Colter’s Rule 59(e) motion as a Rule 60(b) motion does not affect the untimeliness of her appeal from the dismissal order because a Rule 60(b) motion only tolls the appeal period if filed within 28 days of the entry of judgment, Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(vi), and Colter’s motion was not filed within that period.
5 considering both Rule 59(e) and Rule 60(b) standards on appeal from denial of motion
construed by district court as Rule 59(e) motion).
Finally, we discern no abuse of discretion in the district court’s denial of Omni’s
request for sanctions because Omni failed to adhere to the mandates of Fed. R. Civ. P.
11(c)(2). See Am. Reliable Ins. Co. v. Stillwell, 336 F.3d 311, 321 (4th Cir. 2003).
Omni’s request for sanctions was not contained in a separate motion, and Omni also ran
afoul of Rule 11(c)(2)’s safe harbor provision. See Brickwood Contractors, Inc. v.
Datanet Eng’g, Inc., 369 F.3d 385, 389 (4th Cir. 2004) (en banc).
Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s order denying Colter’s postjudgment
motion and denying Omni’s request for sanctions, and we dismiss Colter’s appeal from
the district court’s dismissal order. We dispense with oral argument because the facts
and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this court and
argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED IN PART; DISMISSED IN PART