A.B.G. Instrument & Engineering, Inc. v. United States

593 F.2d 394, 25 Cont. Cas. Fed. 83,025, 219 Ct. Cl. 381, 1979 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 57
CourtUnited States Court of Claims
DecidedFebruary 21, 1979
DocketNo. 48-76
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 593 F.2d 394 (A.B.G. Instrument & Engineering, Inc. v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
A.B.G. Instrument & Engineering, Inc. v. United States, 593 F.2d 394, 25 Cont. Cas. Fed. 83,025, 219 Ct. Cl. 381, 1979 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 57 (cc 1979).

Opinion

PER CURIAM:

This case comes before the court on plaintiffs request, filed June 8, 1978, for review by the court of the recommended decision of Trial Judge John P. Wiese, filed January 27, 1978, pursuant to Rule 166(c), on plaintiffs motion and defendant’s cross-motion for summary judgment, having been submitted to the court on the briefs and oral argument of counsel. Upon consideration thereof, since the court agrees with the recommended decision, as hereinafter set forth, it hereby affirms and adopts the decision as the basis for its judgment in this case. Therefore, it is concluded that the decision of the ASBCA determining that the contractor was entitled to an equitable adjustment because of the Government’s imposition of a 100 percent inspection requirement is erroneous as a matter of law and must be reversed. In all other respects, however, the board’s decision was correct and is entitled to finality. Accordingly, defendant’s cross-motion for summary judgment is granted; plaintiffs motion for summary judgment is denied; and, the petition is dismissed.

OPINION OP TRIAL JUDGE

WIESE, Trial Judge:

This case is before the court on cross-motions for summary judgment. At issue is the finality, under Wunderlich Act standards,1 of a decision of the Armed. Services Board of Contract Appeals (the board) upholding the Government’s default termination of plain[385]*385tiffs contract for failures in delivery.2 In this proceeding it is claimed that the board’s decision is not supported by substantial evidence and is in error on matters of law. Defendant denies these contentions insofar as they relate to the principal issue on appeal, i.e., the correctness of the default termination. However, with regard to a subordinate point which the board had resolved in plaintiffs favor and for which it had held the contractor was due an equitable adjustment (the issue involved the Government’s imposition of a 100 percent inspection requirement), defendant claims the decision was erroneous and, on this limited point, should be reversed. The court agrees with defendant’s contentions.

I. Facts

On September 23, 1968, the Navy Ships Parts Control Center at Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, awarded plaintiff a fixed-price contract for the manufacture and delivery of 720,000 nose fuze adapters (an artillery shell component) to be shipped in monthly increments of 60,000 units beginning January 21, 1969. During the life of the contract (it was terminated by the Government on December 12, 1969), the specified monthly shipping rate was never achieved. At the start there were difficulties in obtaining delivery of raw materials due, apparently, to adverse weather conditions. The Government recognized this to be an excusable cause of delay and, by contract modification, agreed to a stretch-out of the delivery schedule and to a corresponding reduction in the monthly shipping quantity to 40,000 units. However, for a number of reasons, some of which are raised as issues in this appeal, this revised production schedule also proved to be beyond the contractor’s ability to attain. Through July 18, 1969 — the issuance date of the second of three show cause letters — the accumulated delinquencies in delivery exceeded 150,000 units.-

Notwithstanding this state of affairs, the Government remained willing to continue the contract provided a realistic shipping schedule could be worked out. This too never came about. The events that finally brought matters [386]*386to an end (and with which this appeal is thus chiefly concerned) began with the Government’s inspection and rejection of two lots of approximately 20,000 units each, lots 10 and 11, which had been shipped by rail, F.O.B. Destination, from the contractor’s plant on July 2, 1969 (lot 10) and July 25, 1969 (lot 11). Upon their arrival at the Government’s receiving facility, it was found, in each case, that the load had shifted in transit, that some of the shipping cartons had opened and that their contents had been strewn about the railroad car. The units, which had previously been sample inspected by the Government at the contractor’s plant (but not then accepted), were now reinspected and rejected. Later, upon the request of the contractor’s president and in his presence, the Government again inspected the two lots and again rejected them. After this time, there were no further shipments made by the contractor for reasons which, like the inspections of lots 10 and 11, relate to matters in controversy.

A third and final show cause letter was issued by the Government on September 17, 1969. From that point on, the inability to resolve the differences between them finally led to the Government’s default termination of plaintiffs contract on December 12, 1969. The basis for this action, as given in the Government’s notice of termination, was the contractor’s "having so failed to make satisfactory progress as to endanger the delivery of 232,510 units or any unshipped portion of the * * * quantity called for * * * in accordance with the delivery schedule * *

II. Discussion

Against the brief background sketched above we turn now to an examination of the several issues presented on appeal. Each of the issues to be discussed offers what the contractor sees as a separate basis for invalidation of the default termination. For the sake of simplifying their presentation, the various points raised shall be dealt with under separate subject matter headings; additional facts, where necessary, shall be presented in the context of the discussion of each issue.

A. The Inspection Standard Applied to Lots 10 and 11. The first matter raised by the contractor concerns the size [387]*387of the samples upon which the Government had based its rejections of the two lots in question. As noted, lots 10 and 11 consisted of roughly 20,000 units each — quantities which, under the terms of the contractually-specified sampling procedures,3 should have called for the random selection of 315 samples, each to be tested for conformance with contract requirements on four specified major characteristics and 22 specified minor characteristics. However, when the Government carried out its acceptance inspections of lots 10 and 11, on neither occasion then did it rely on more than a 20-unit sample. The contractor says that this was plainly contrary to the contract requirements and that the board was wrong in permitting the inspections to stand. A subordinate issue which surfaces in the contractor’s brief is the fact that, in the first acceptance tests of lots 10 and 11, the Government inspectors not only used the smaller size sample but also adhered to a different inspection standard — one which the contract had specifically stated should not constitute a contractual requirement. In this too the board saw no actionable transgression by the Government.4

The board’s decision is right on both points. At best, it is irrelevant that the Government relied on a 20-unit sample rather than one of 315 units. Under the contract’s inspection standards, the Government was entitled to randomly select its samples and if, as happened here, enough defects were found among the 20 units so chosen to disqualify the entire lot, it surely does not matter that the sample size was less than it might have been. Certainly the contractor was not prejudiced by the smaller sample.

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Bluebook (online)
593 F.2d 394, 25 Cont. Cas. Fed. 83,025, 219 Ct. Cl. 381, 1979 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 57, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/abg-instrument-engineering-inc-v-united-states-cc-1979.