As used in this chapter:
I. "Election" means any general biennial or special election, political party primary, or presidential preference primary as provided in RSA 664:1.
II. "Candidate" means an individual who seeks election to any public office or party position to be voted at a primary, general, or special election, whether or not the public office or party position has been specifically identified at such time and whether or not such individual is nominated or elected. An individual shall be considered a candidate seeking election, or re-election, if the individual has:
(a) Taken the action necessary to qualify for election, such as filing as a candidate;
(b) Taken the action or authorized any other person to obtain, nominating petitions to qualify for election, or election to office; or
(c) Received contributions or made expenditures, or given consent to any other person to receive contributions or make expenditures, with the purpose to bring about the individual's nomination for election, or election, to office at any time during the election cycle.
III. "Political committee" means any organization that receives contributions or makes expenditures for the purpose of promoting the success or defeat of a candidate, candidates, measure, or measures, including but not limited to the following:
(a) Candidate committee created by a candidate running for office;
(b) Political advocacy organization to promote issues and ideas that may influence voters' choices on the ballot as further defined in RSA 664:2, XXII;
(c) Political committee of a political party as further defined in RSA 664:2, V to support candidates of the party running for office; or
(d) The committee of a segregated fund established by any organization with a separate legal existence, the purpose of which is to promote the success or defeat of a candidate or candidates or measure or measures.
IV. "Political party" or "party" means any political organization or number of persons which can nominate candidates in any manner prescribed by law and has done so for the current election. The definition of the word "party" contained in RSA 652:11 shall not apply to this chapter.
V. "Political committee of a political party" means a state, county, regional, city, ward, or town committee of a political party. A regional committee shall be composed only of members who are residents of towns or cities that form a contiguous land area, and shall have been created and approved by the state committee of the political party. To establish regional committees, a party shall amend its by-laws to authorize them in principle; a copy of the by-law authorization and evidence of the approval for each regional committee by the state committee shall be filed by the political party with the secretary of state before the first Wednesday in June immediately following the amendment.
VI. "Political advertising" means any communication by any medium or in any format, including buttons or printed material attached to motor vehicles, which expressly advocates or is the functional equivalent of express advocacy for the success or defeat of any party, measure, candidate, or person at any election.
VII. "Communication" means imparting, exchanging, or sending, of information by any medium or in any format, including, but not be limited to, publication in any newspaper or other periodical or on any Internet site on social media, or other digital method, broadcasting on radio, television, or over any public address system, transmission by telephone or facsimile or text message or email, placement on any billboards, outdoor facilities, window displays, posters, cards, pamphlets, leaflets, flyers, or other circulars, or in any direct mailing.
VIII. "Contribution" means anything of value received or made for the purpose of promoting the success or defeat of a candidate, candidates, measure, measures, or political party, including, but not limited to a payment, gift, subscription, assessment, contract, payment for services, dues advance, forbearance, loan to a candidate or political committee, or personal or professional services for less than full consideration, or the use of anything of value.
IX. (a) "Expenditure" means any of the following that promotes the success or defeat of a political party, candidate, candidates, measure, or measures: the purchase, payment, contribution, subscription distribution, loan, advance deposit, or gift of money or any thing of value; the making of a legally binding commitment to make a purchase, payment, contribution, subscription distribution, loan, advance, deposit, or gift of money or anything of value in the future; or the transfer of funds by a political committee to another political committee or to a candidate. "Expenditure" includes, but is not limited to, disbursement of funds for:
(1) Communications:
(A) That contain express advocacy or its functional equivalent supporting or opposing the election of a candidate, candidates, measure, or measures; or
(B) That promote the success or defeat of a party, candidate, candidates, measure, or measures regardless of whether the communication or activities contain express advocacy or its functional equivalent.
(2) Partisan voter activity, partisan voter registration activity, partisan get-out-the-vote activity, or other partisan campaign-related activities.
(3) Research, design, production, polling, data analytics, mailing or social media list acquisition, or other activities conducted in preparation for or in conjunction with communications or activities described in this paragraph.
(4) Childcare expenses incurred by a candidate if the expenses are a direct result of the candidate's activities.
(5) An independent expenditures, as defined in paragraph XI.
(6) Travel and subsistence expenditures related to constituent service or to an office sought or held.
(b) "Expenditure" does not include:
(1) The candidate's expenses for non-campaign travel and subsistence.
(2) Activity designed to encourage individuals to register to vote or to vote, if that activity or communication is non-partisan.
(3) Any communication by any membership organization or corporation to its members or stockholders, if the primary purpose of that membership organization or corporation is not for the purpose of promoting the success or defeat of a candidate or candidates and measure or measures.
(4) Any communication by any political committee member that is not made for the purpose of promoting the success or defeat of a candidate or candidates or measure or measures or political party.
(5) Payment for incidental items, such as auto expenses and child care that the candidate chooses to pay for with personal funds.
X. "Measure" shall mean any constitutional amendment or question that is submitted or intended to be submitted to a popular vote at an election.
XI. "Independent expenditure" means the disbursement of funds for an expenditure made by a political committee or person that promotes the success or defeat of any candidate or measure that is made without cooperation or consultation with any candidate, political committee of a candidate, or any authorized agent of such candidate, and which are not made in concert with, or at the request or suggestion of any political party, candidate, political committee of a candidate, or any authorized agent of such candidate.
XII. "Full name" means an individual's full first name, middle name or initial, if any, and full legal last name, making the identity of the contributor apparent by unambiguous reference.
XIII. "Person's post office address" means:
(a) If an individual, the address used by the individual for voter registration purposes; and
(b) If a person that is not an individual, the primary business location of the person, which shall include a street and post office box, if any, city, state, and zip code.
(c) "Person's post office address" shall not mean:
(1) An individual's business address.
(2) An individual's vacation home address or rental property address when the home or rental property is owned, but not occupied by, the contributor.
(3) Any address not that of the contributor.
XIV. "Occupation" means an individual's official job title resulting from employment at or ownership of any agency or organization or other entity.
XV. "Principal place of business" means the primary organization or employer from which an individual's principal income is derived and shall include the employer's official name and the employer's post office address.
XVI. "Business organization" means any enterprise, whether corporation, partnership, limited liability company, proprietorship, association, business trust, real estate trust, or other form of organization, organized for gain or profit, and includes any enterprise which is expressly made exempt from income taxation under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986. It does not include a political committee of a political party as defined in RSA 664:2, III.
XVII. "Push-polling" means:
(a) Communications with voters on behalf of, in support of, or in opposition to, any candidate or candidates for public office or measure or measures by any means, including, but not limited to telephone, text, via the Internet, through social media or digitally; and
(b) Asking questions related to opposing candidates for public office which state, imply, or convey information about the candidate's character, status, or political stance or record; and
(c) Conducting such communication in a manner which is likely to be construed by the voter to be a survey or poll to gather statistical data for entities or organizations which are acting independent of any particular political party, candidate, measure, or interest group as part of a series of like communication that consist of more than 2,000 connected communications that last less than 2 minutes in presidential, gubernatorial, United States senatorial, or United States congressional elections; or conducting such communications as part of a series of like communications that consist of more than 500 communications that last less than 2 minutes in executive council, state senate, city, town, school district, or village district elections; or conducting such communications as part of a series of like communications that consist of more than 200 communications that last less than 2 minutes in state representative elections; and
(d) Conducting such communication for purposes other than bona fide survey and opinion research.
XVIII. "Bona fide survey and opinion research" means the collection and analysis of data regarding opinions, needs, awareness, knowledge, views, experiences, and behaviors of a population, through the development and administration of surveys, interviews, focus groups, polls, observation, or other research methodologies, in which no sales, promotional, or marketing efforts are involved, and through which there is no attempt to influence a participant's attitudes or behavior. Bona fide survey and opinion research includes message testing, which is the study for research purposes of how randomly-selected individuals react to positive or negative information on a candidate, elected public official, or ballot question.
XIX. "Receipts" shall mean the receipt of money or anything of value or the receipt of a legally binding commitment to receive money or thing of value in the future for the purpose of promoting the success or defeat of a candidate or candidates or a measure or measures or political party. Receipts shall not include amounts received by a political committee in commercial transactions in the ordinary course of any trade or business conducted by the political committee or in the form of investments in the political committee or amounts received by the political committee from payors who, at the time of payment, prohibited, in writing, the use of the payment as an expenditure.
XX. "Segregated fund" shall mean a segregated account of money that consists of funds that were paid directly to such account by persons other than the covered political committee that controls the account from which only expenditures defined in paragraph IX are made.
XXI. "Clearly identified candidate" means that the name of the candidate involved appears; a photograph or drawing of the candidate appears; or the identity of the candidate is otherwise apparent.
XXII. "Political advocacy organization" means any entity that makes expenditures of $1,000 or more in an election cycle for communication that is functionally equivalent to express advocacy such that, when taken as a whole, such communication is likely to be interpreted, all or in part, by a reasonable person as promoting the success or defeat of a candidate or candidates, of a measure or measures or a political party, taking into account whether the communication involved mentions a candidacy, a political party, or takes a position on a candidate's character, qualifications, or fitness for office. For the purposes of this chapter, a contribution from a political advocacy organization to a candidate or other political committee is communication that is functionally equivalent to express advocacy.
XXIII. "Election cycle" means the period of time beginning on the twenty-second day after a state general election through 21 days after the next state general election. For special elections, the election cycle shall be the period of time from when a vacancy is created through 21 days after the special election.
XXIV. "Success or defeat" means the support, praise, or promotion of, opposition to, or attack on a candidate or candidates or a measure or measures.
XXV. "Person" means an individual, collection of individuals, business organization, club, or any other entity created under the law.
XXVI. "Individual" means a human being.
XXVII. "Organization" means a group of 2 or more individuals, business entities formed under state law, except those entities qualified under section 501(c)(3) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any other association of individuals or entities formed under state law that is not registered as a business entity.