§ 17-7687 — Classes; voting; meetings of members; amendment of operating agreement

(a) An operating agreement may provide for classes or groups of members having such relative rights, powers and duties as the operating agreement may provide, and may make provision for the future creation in the manner provided in the operating agreement of additional classes or groups of members having such relative rights, powers and duties as may from time to time be established, including rights, powers and duties senior to existing classes and groups of members. An operating agreement may provide for the taking of an action, including the amendment of the operating agreement, without the vote, consent or approval of any member or class or group of members, including an action to create under the provisions of the operating agreement a class or group of limited liability company interests that was not previously outstanding. An operating agreement may provide that any member or class or group of members shall have no voting rights.
(b) An operating agreement may grant to all or certain identified members or a specified class or group of the members the right to vote separately or with all or any class or group of the members or managers, on any matter. Voting by members may be on a per capita, number, financial interest, class, group or any other basis.
(c) An operating agreement may set forth provisions relating to notice of the time, place or purpose of any meeting at which any matter is to be voted on by any members, waiver of any such notice, action by consent or approval without a meeting, the establishment of a record date, quorum requirements, voting in person or by proxy, or any other matter with respect to the exercise of any such right to vote.
(d) Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement, meetings of members may be held by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this subsection shall constitute presence in person at the meeting. Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement, on any matter that is to be voted on, consented to or approved by members, the members may take such action without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if consented to or approved, in writing, by electronic transmission, or by any other means permitted by law, by members having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all members entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement, if a person, whether or not then a member, consents to or approves as a member any matter and provides that such consent or approval will be effective at a future time, including a time determined upon the happening of an event, then such person shall be deemed to have consented or approved as a member at such future time so long as such person is then a member. Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement, on any matter that is to be voted on by members, the members may vote in person or by proxy, and such proxy may be granted in writing, by means of electronic transmission or as otherwise permitted by applicable law. Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement, a consent or approval transmitted by electronic transmission by a member or by a person or persons authorized to act for a member shall be deemed to be written and signed for purposes of this subsection. For purposes of this subsection, the term "electronic transmission" means any form of communication not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, including the use of, or participation in, one or more electronic networks or databases, including one or more distributed electronic networks or databases, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.
(e) Unless otherwise provided in the operating agreement or in the Kansas revised limited liability company act, every member holding an interest in profits shall be entitled to vote.
(f) If an operating agreement provides for the manner in which it may be amended, including by requiring the approval or consent of a person who is not a party to the operating agreement or the satisfaction of conditions, it may be amended only in that manner or as otherwise permitted by law, including as permitted by K.S.A. 17-7681(e), and amendments thereto, provided that the approval or consent of any person may be waived by such person and that any such conditions may be waived by all persons for whose benefit such conditions were intended. Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement, a supermajority amendment provision shall only apply to provisions of the operating agreement that are expressly included in the operating agreement. As used in this section, "supermajority amendment provision" means any amendment provision set forth in an operating agreement requiring that an amendment to a provision of the operating agreement be adopted by no less than the vote or consent or approval required to take action under such latter provision.
(g) If an operating agreement does not provide for the manner in which it may be amended, the operating agreement may be amended with the approval or consent of all of the members or as otherwise permitted by law, including as permitted by K.S.A. 17-7681(e), and amendments thereto. This subsection shall only apply to a limited liability company whose original articles of organization were filed with the secretary of state on or after July 1, 2014.

Legislative History

L. 1999, ch. 119, § 26; L. 2014, ch. 40, § 21; L. 2019, ch. 47, § 23; July 1.