§ 46b-15 — Relief for victim of domestic violence. Application. Court orders. Duration. Service of application, affidavit, any ex parte order and notice of hearing. Copies. Expedited hearing for violation of order. Other remedies.

Connecticut § 46b-15

• Jurisdiction: Connecticut
• Title 46b: Family Law
• Ch. 815a: Orders of Protection and Relief

Text

(a) Any family or household member, as defined in section 46b-38a, who is the victim of domestic violence, as defined in section 46b-1, by another family or household member may make an application to the Superior Court for relief under this section. The court shall provide any person who applies for relief under this section with the information set forth in section 46b-15b. (b) The application form shall allow the applicant, at the applicant's option, to indicate whether the respondent holds a permit to carry a pistol or revolver, an eligibility certificate for a pistol or revolver, a long gun eligibility certificate or an ammunition certificate or possesses one or more firearms or ammunition. The application shall be accompanied by an affidavit made under oath which includes a brief statement of the conditions from which relief is sought. Upon receipt of the application the court shall order that a hearing on the application be held not later than fourteen days from the date of the order except that, if the application indicates that the respondent holds a permit to carry a pistol or revolver, an eligibility certificate for a pistol or revolver, a long gun eligibility certificate or an ammunition certificate or possesses one or more firearms or ammunition, and the court orders an ex parte order, the court shall order that a hearing be held on the application not later than seven days from the date on which the ex parte order is issued. The court, in its discretion, may make such orders as it deems appropriate for the protection of the applicant and such dependent children or other persons as the court sees fit. In making such orders ex parte, the court, in its discretion, may consider relevant court records if the records are available to the public from a clerk of the Superior Court or on the Judicial Branch's Internet web site. In addition, at the time of the hearing, the court, in its discretion, may also consider a report prepared by the family services unit of the Judicial Branch, provided the person who prepared such report is available to testify at the hearing and is subject to cross examination. The report may include, as available: Any existing or prior orders of protection obtained from the protection order registry; information on any pending criminal case or past criminal case in which the respondent was convicted of a violent crime; any outstanding arrest warrant for the respondent; and the respondent's level of risk based on a risk assessment tool utilized by the Court Support Services Division. The report may also include information pertaining to any pending or disposed family matters case involving the applicant and respondent. Any report provided by the Court Support Services Division to the court shall also be provided to the applicant and respondent. Such orders may include temporary child custody or visitation rights, and such relief may include, but is not limited to, an order enjoining the respondent from (1) imposing any restraint upon the person or liberty of the applicant; (2) threatening, harassing, assaulting, molesting, sexually assaulting or attacking the applicant; or (3) entering the family dwelling or the dwelling of the applicant. Such order may include provisions necessary to protect any animal owned or kept by the applicant including, but not limited to, an order enjoining the respondent from injuring or threatening to injure such animal. If an applicant alleges an immediate and present physical danger to the applicant, the court may issue an ex parte order granting such relief as it deems appropriate. If a postponement of a hearing on the application is requested by either party and granted, the ex parte order shall not be continued except upon agreement of the parties or by order of the court for good cause shown. If a hearing on the application is scheduled or an ex parte order is granted and the court is closed on the scheduled hearing date, the hearing shall be held on the next day the court is open and any such ex parte order shall remain in effect until the date of such hearing. If the applicant is under eighteen years of age, a parent, guardian or responsible adult who brings the application as next friend of the applicant may not speak on the applicant's behalf at such hearing unless there is good cause shown as to why the applicant is unable to speak on his or her own behalf, except that nothing in this subsection shall preclude such parent, guardian or responsible adult from testifying as a witness at such hearing. As used in this subsection, “violent crime” includes: (A) An incident resulting in physical harm, bodily injury or assault; (B) an act of threatened violence that constitutes fear of imminent physical harm, bodily injury or assault, including, but not limited to, stalking or a pattern of threatening; (C) verbal abuse or argument if there is a present danger and likelihood that physical violence will occur; and (D) cruelty to animals as set forth in section 53-247 . (c) If the court issues an ex parte order pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and service has not been made on the respondent in conformance with subsection (h) of this section, upon request of the applicant, the court shall, based on the information contained in the original application, extend any ex parte order for an additional period not to exceed fourteen days from the originally scheduled hearing date. The clerk shall prepare a new order of hearing and notice containing the new hearing date, which shall be served upon the respondent in accordance with the provisions of subsection (h) of this section. (d) Any ex parte restraining order entered under subsection (b) of this section in which the applicant and respondent are spouses, or persons who have a dependent child or children in common and who live together, may include, if no order exists, and if necessary to maintain the safety and basic needs of the applicant or the dependent child or children in common of the applicant and respondent, in addition to any orders authorized under subsection (b) of this section, any of the following: (1) An order prohibiting the respondent from (A) taking any action that could result in the termination of any necessary utility services or necessary services related to the family dwelling or the dwelling of the applicant, (B) taking any action that could result in the cancellation, change of coverage or change of beneficiary of any health, automobile or homeowners insurance policy to the detriment of the applicant or the dependent child or children in common of the applicant and respondent, or (C) transferring, encumbering, concealing or disposing of specified property owned or leased by the applicant; or (2) an order providing the applicant with temporary possession of an automobile, checkbook, documentation of health, automobile or homeowners insurance, a document needed for purposes of proving identity, a key or other necessary specified personal effects. (e) At the hearing on any application under this section, if the court grants relief pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and the applicant and respondent are spouses, or persons who have a dependent child or children in common and who live together, and if necessary to maintain the safety and basic needs of the applicant or the dependent child or children in common of the applicant and respondent, any orders entered by the court may include, in addition to the orders authorized under subsection (b) of this section, any of the following: (1) An order prohibiting the respondent from (A) taking any action that could result in the termination of any necessary utility services or services related to the family dwelling or the dwelling of the applicant, (B) taking any action that could result in the cancellation, change of coverage or change of beneficiary of any health, automobile or homeowners insurance policy to the detriment of the applicant or the dependent child or children in common of the applicant and respondent, or (C) transferring, encumbering, concealing or disposing of specified property owned or leased by the applicant; (2) an order providing the applicant with temporary possession of an automobile, checkbook, documentation of health, automobile or homeowners insurance, a document needed for purposes of proving identity, a key or other necessary specified personal effects; or (3) an order that the respondent: (A) Make rent or mortgage payments on the family dwelling or the dwelling of the applicant and the dependent child or children in common of the applicant and respondent, (B) maintain utility services or other necessary services related to the family dwelling or the dwelling of the applicant and the dependent child or children in common of the applicant and respondent, (C) maintain all existing health, automobile or homeowners insurance coverage without change in coverage or beneficiary designation, or (D) provide financial support for the benefit of any dependent child or children in common of the applicant and the respondent, provided the respondent has a legal duty to support such child or children and the ability to pay. The court shall not enter any order of financial support without sufficient evidence as to the ability to pay, including, but not limited to, financial affidavits. If at the hearing no order is entered under this subsection or subsection (d) of this section, no such order may be entered thereafter pursuant to this section. Any order entered pursuant to this subsection shall not be subject to modification and shall expire one hundred twenty days after the date of issuance or upon issuance of a superseding order, whichever occurs first. Any amounts not paid or collected under this subsection or subsection (d) of this section may be preserved and collectible in an action for dissolution of marriage, custody, paternity or support. (f) (1) Every order of the court made in accordance with this section shall contain the following language: (A) “This order may be extended by the court beyond one year. In accordance with section 53a-107 of the Connecticut general statutes, entering or remaining in a building or any other premises in violation of this order constitutes criminal trespass in the first degree. This is a criminal offense punishable by a term of imprisonment of not more than one year, a fine of not more than two thousand dollars or both.”; and (B) “In accordance with section 53a-223b of the Connecticut general statutes, any violation of subparagraph (A) or (B) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 53a-223b constitutes criminal violation of a restraining order which is punishable by a term of imprisonment of not more than five years, a fine of not more than five thousand dollars, or both. Additionally, any violation of subparagraph (C) or (D) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 53a-223b constitutes criminal violation of a restraining order which is punishable by a term of imprisonment of not more than ten years, a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars, or both.”. (2) Each applicant who receives an order of the court in accordance with this section shall be given a notice that contains the following language: “If a restraining order has been issued on your behalf or on behalf of your child, you may elect to give testimony or appear in a family court proceeding remotely, pursuant to section 46b-15c . Please notify the court in writing at least two days in advance of a proceeding if you choose to give testimony or appear remotely, and your physical presence in the courthouse will not be required in order to participate in the court proceeding.”. (g) No order of the court shall exceed one year, except that an order may be extended by the court upon motion of the applicant for such additional time as the court deems necessary. If the respondent has not appeared upon the initial application, service of a motion to extend an order may be made by first-class mail directed to the respondent at the respondent's last-known address. (h) (1) The applicant shall cause notice of the hearing pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and a copy of the application and the applicant's affidavit and of any ex parte order issued pursuant to subsection (b) of this section to be served on the respondent not less than three days before the hearing. A proper officer responsible for executing such service shall accept all documents in an electronic format, if presented to such officer in such format. The cost of such service, including mileage pursuant to section 52-261 , shall be paid for by the Judicial Branch. No officer or person shall be entitled to a fee for service pursuant to this section if timely return of service is not received by the court, absent a court order authorizing such fee. For the purposes of this subsection, timely return includes, but is not limited to, transmitting by facsimile or other means, a copy of the return of service to the court prior to the hearing followed by the delivery of the original return to the court within a reasonable time after the hearing. (2) When (A) an application indicates that a respondent holds a permit to carry a pistol or revolver, an eligibility certificate for a pistol or revolver, a long gun eligibility certificate or an ammunition certificate or possesses one or more firearms or ammunition, and (B) the court has issued an ex parte order pursuant to this section, the proper officer responsible for executing service shall, whenever possible, provide in-hand service and, prior to serving such order, shall (i) provide notice to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the respondent will be served concerning when and where the service will take place, and (ii) send, or cause to be sent by facsimile or other means, a copy of the application, the applicant's affidavit, the ex parte order and the notice of hearing to such law enforcement agency, and (iii) request that a police officer from the law enforcement agency for the town in which the respondent will be served be present when service is executed by the proper officer. Upon receiving a request from a proper officer under the provisions of this subdivision, the law enforcement agency for the town in which the respondent will be served may designate a police officer to be present when service is executed by the proper officer. (3) Upon the granting of an ex parte order, the clerk of the court shall provide two copies of the order to the applicant. Upon the granting of an order after notice and hearing, the clerk of the court shall provide two copies of the order to the applicant and a copy to the respondent. Every order of the court made in accordance with this section after notice and hearing shall be accompanied by a notification that is consistent with the full faith and credit provisions set forth in 18 USC 2265(a), as amended from time to time. Immediately after making service on the respondent, the proper officer shall (A) send or cause to be sent, by facsimile or other means, a copy of the application, or the information contained in such application, stating the date and time the respondent was served, to the law enforcement agency or agencies for the town in which the applicant resides, the town in which the applicant is employed and the town in which the respondent resides, and (B) as soon as possible, but not later than two hours after the time that service is executed, input into the Judicial Branch's Internet-based service tracking system the date, time and method of service. If, prior to the date of the scheduled hearing, service has not been executed, the proper officer shall input into such service tracking system that service was unsuccessful. The clerk of the court shall send, by facsimile or other means, a copy of any ex parte order and of any order after notice and hearing, or the information contained in any such order, to the law enforcement agency or agencies for the town in which the applicant resides, the town in which the applicant is employed and the town in which the respondent resides, within forty-eight hours of the issuance of such order. If the victim, or victim's minor child protected by such order, is enrolled in a public or private elementary or secondary school, including a technical education and career school, or an institution of higher education, as defined in section 10a-55 , the clerk of the court shall, upon the request of the victim, send, by facsimile or other means, a copy of such ex parte order or of any order after notice and hearing, or the information contained in any such order, to such school or institution of higher education, the president of any institution of higher education at which the victim, or victim's minor child protected by such order, is enrolled and the special police force established pursuant to section 10a-156b , if any, at the institution of higher education at which the victim, or victim's minor child protected by such order, is enrolled, if the victim provides the clerk with the name and address of such school or institution of higher education. (i) A caretaker who is providing shelter in his or her residence to a person sixty years or older shall not be enjoined from the full use and enjoyment of his or her home and property. The Superior Court may make any other appropriate order under the provisions of this section. (j) When a motion for contempt is filed for violation of a restraining order, there shall be an expedited hearing. Such hearing shall be held within five court days of service of the motion on the respondent, provided service on the respondent is made not less than twenty-four hours before the hearing. If the court finds the respondent in contempt for violation of an order, the court may impose such sanctions as the court deems appropriate. (k) An action under this section shall not preclude the applicant from seeking any other civil or criminal relief. (l) For purposes of this section, “police officer” means a state police officer or a sworn member of a municipal police department and “law enforcement agency” means the Division of State Police within the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection or any municipal police department. See Sec. 51-5c re automated registry of protective orders.

Legislative History

(P.A. 81-272, S. 2; P.A. 86-337, S. 7; P.A. 87-567, S. 4, 7; P.A. 91-6, S. 1, 3; 91-381, S. 3, 7; P.A. 95-193, S. 1; P.A. 96-180, S. 158, 166; P.A. 97-126, S. 1; P.A. 99-186, S. 4; P.A. 00-196, S. 24; P.A. 01-130, S. 11, 12; P.A. 02-127, S. 7; 02-132, S. 54; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-7, S. 77; P.A. 03-202, S. 4; P.A. 05-152, S. 3; P.A. 06-152, S. 2; P.A. 07-78, S. 1; P.A. 10-36, S. 4; 10-144, S. 1, 2; P.A. 11-152, S. 1; P.A. 12-114, S. 1; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2, S. 97; P.A. 13-3, S. 36; 13-194, S. 2; P.A. 14-217, S. 120; P.A. 16-34, S. 3; 16-105, S. 4; P.A. 17-163, S. 1; 17-237, S. 112; P.A. 21-78, S. 2; P.A. 22-26, S. 59, 62.) History: P.A. 86-337 amended Subsec. (a) by substituting “family or household member as defined in section 46b-38a” for “adult person”; amended Subsec. (b) by adding “such order may include temporary child custody or visitation rights” and providing that order shall not be continued except upon agreement of parties or good cause; amended Subsec. (e) by requiring that court provide two copies of order to applicant, a copy to family division, a copy to individual to whom order is directed and certified copy to appropriate law enforcement agency within 48 hours of issuance and that family division provide registry of protective orders and inform peace officers of status of orders; and amended Subsec. (g) by adding provision re expedited hearing for motion for contempt for violation of restraining order; P.A. 87-567 amended Subsec. (e), adding “and restraining” before “orders”; P.A. 91-6 amended Subsec. (e) by adding “clerk of the” before “court”, changing “file with” to “send to” and deleting provision re registry of protective and restraining orders by family relations division; P.A. 91-381 added “threatening, harassing” to Subsec. (b)(2), and amended Subsec. (e) to require applicant to serve notice of hearing, copy of application and of any ex parte order upon respondent not less than 5 days before hearing and to require clerk of the court to provide copies of ex parte order to applicant and family division and send certified copy of ex parte order and order after notice and hearing to law enforcement agency, deleting those provisions from their previous locations in Subsec. (b); P.A. 95-193 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) by changing time limit on court orders from 90 days to 6 months; P.A. 96-180 made technical change in Subsec. (c) changing fine from $1,000 to $2,000 in accordance with P.A. 92-256, effective June 3, 1996; P.A. 97-126 amended Subsec. (e) by adding requirement that court order contain specific language re jurisdiction, notice and hearing, and validity and enforceability of order; P.A. 99-186 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “or person in, or has recently been in, a dating relationship who has been subjected to a continuous threat of present physical pain or physical injury by the other person in such relationship”; P.A. 00-196 made technical change in Subsec. (e); P.A. 01-130 amended Subsec. (b) to require application form to allow the applicant, at the applicant's option, to indicate whether the respondent holds a permit to carry a pistol or revolver or possesses one or more firearms and to make a technical change, and amended Subsec. (e) to make technical changes and replace requirement that the clerk send a certified copy of the order to the “appropriate law enforcement agency” with requirement that the clerk send a copy of the order to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the applicant resides, to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the respondent resides if different than the town in which the applicant resides and, if requested by the applicant, to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the applicant is employed if different than the town in which the applicant resides; P.A. 02-127 amended Subsec. (e) to provide for the serving of a copy of the applicant's affidavit on the respondent, to add provision requiring that state marshal, immediately after making service on the respondent, provide a true and attested copy to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the applicant resides and if the respondent does not reside in such town, that marshal transmit by facsimile a true and attested copy to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the respondent resides, to remove the phrase “upon the request of the applicant” re the sending of a certified copy to the town in which the applicant is employed within 48 hours, and to provide for the transmission of a copy by facsimile to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the applicant is employed if the applicant is employed in a town different than the town in which the applicant or the respondent resides; P.A. 02-132 amended Subsec. (e) by deleting provisions re copy of order provided to the Family Division, replacing provisions re sending certified copy of order to law enforcement agency with provisions re sending copy of or information contained in order to law enforcement agency by facsimile or other means and deleting provision re sending of order upon request of the applicant, effective January 1, 2003; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-7 amended Subsec. (e) to require the judicial branch to pay for the cost of serving the hearing notice and a copy of the application and of any ex parte order, effective August 15, 2002; P.A. 03-202 amended Subsec. (e) by replacing references to “state marshal” with references to “proper officer”; P.A. 05-152 amended Subsec. (e) by replacing provision requiring proper officer to provide a true and attested copy of ex parte order, affidavit and cover sheet with provision requiring proper officer to send or cause to be sent a copy of the application and by revising provisions re law enforcement agencies to which copies of applications, orders and information are to be sent; P.A. 06-152 amended Subsec. (e) by adding provision re sending information contained in application to law enforcement agencies by facsimile or other means; P.A. 07-78 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision re court's authority to make such orders as it deems appropriate for the protection of any animal owned or kept by the applicant; P.A. 10-36 amended Subsec. (b) to replace “The court, in its discretion, may make such orders as it deems appropriate for the protection of any animal” with “Such order may include provisions necessary to protect any animal”, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 10-144 amended Subsec. (b) to make technical changes and permit court to consider relevant court records available to public from clerk or web site, and amended Subsec. (e) to delete “certified” re copies of order and replace requirement re specific language in order re jurisdiction, notice, hearing and validity and enforceability of order with requirement that order be accompanied by notification consistent with full faith and credit provisions in 18 USC 2265(a); P.A. 11-152 amended Subsec. (a) to add “stalking or a pattern of threatening”, and delete provisions re person in, or who has recently been in, a dating relationship; P.A. 12-114 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision re pattern of threatening as described in Sec. 53a-62, amended Subsecs. (c) and (d) to change maximum duration of order from 6 months to 1 year, amended Subsec. (e) to add provision re clerk of court to send copy of order to school at which victim is enrolled, and made technical changes; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2 amended Subsec. (e) to substitute “technical high school” for “regional vocational technical school”; P.A. 13-3 amended Subsec. (b) to provide that application form allow applicant to indicate if respondent possesses ammunition; P.A. 13-194 amended Subsec. (b) to add “ex parte” re order that shall not be continued except upon agreement of parties or court order for good cause shown, and add provision re hearing to be held on next day court is open if court is closed on scheduled hearing date, and re ex parte order to remain in effect until date of hearing; P.A. 14-217 added new Subsecs. (c) and (d) re relief that court may grant on an ex parte basis or after hearing, redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (e) and amended same to designate existing provision re required language as Subdiv. (1) and make a technical change therein and to add Subdiv. (2) re required language in order re penalty for criminal violation of restraining order, and redesignated existing Subsecs. (d) to (h) as Subsecs. (f) to (j), effective January 1, 2015; P.A. 16-34 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provisions re eligibility certificate for pistol, revolver or long gun or ammunition certificate and re exception if application indicates respondent holds permit to carry pistol or revolver or eligibility certificate for pistol, revolver or long gun or ammunition certificate or possesses firearms or ammunition and court orders ex parte order, added new Subsec. (c) re extension of ex parte order, redesignated existing Subsecs. (c) to (j) as Subsecs. (d) to (k), amended redesignated Subsec. (h) by designating existing provisions re applicant to cause service on respondent as Subdiv. (1) and amending same to replace “five days” with “three days”, designating existing provisions re granting of ex parte order as Subdiv. (3) and amending same by designating existing provisions re proper officer to send copy of application stating date and time respondent was served to law enforcement agency as Subpara. (A) and adding Subpara. (B) re input of date, time and method of service into service tracking system, and adding Subdiv. (2) re proper officer responsible for executing service to provide notice to law enforcement agency and designation of police officer to be present when service executed, added Subsec. (l) defining “police officer” and “law enforcement agency” and made conforming changes; P.A. 16-105 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provisions re court to provide person who applies for relief with information set forth in Sec. 46b-15b and amended Subsec. (b) by substituting “making such orders ex parte” for “making such orders” re court may consider relevant court records, and adding provisions re court may consider report prepared by family services unit of Judicial Branch, re content and provision of report and re parent, guardian or responsible adult who brings application as next friend of applicant under age 18; P.A. 17-163 amended Subsec. (h)(3) to add references to victim's minor child protected by order and provision re victim providing clerk with name and address of school or institution of higher education, effective January 1, 2018; P.A. 17-237 amended Subsec. (h)(3) by replacing “technical high school” with “technical education and career school”, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 21-78 amended Subsec. (a) by substituting family or household member who “is the victim of domestic violence, as defined in section 46b-1, by another family or household member” for family of household member who “has been subjected to a continuous threat of present physical pain or physical injury, stalking or a pattern of threatening, including, but not limited to, a pattern of threatening, as described in section 53a-62, by another family or household member”, amended Subsec. (f) by redesignating existing provisions as Subsec. (f)(1), redesignating existing Subdivs. (1) and (2) as Subparas. (A) and (B) and adding Subdiv. (2) re notice of remote testimony or appearance in family court proceeding and amended Subsec. (h)(1) to add provision re acceptance by proper officer of documents in electronic format; P.A. 22-26 amended Subsec. (b) to add proviso to provision that permits court to consider report prepared by the family services unit of the Judicial Branch requiring the person who prepared such report to be available to testify at the hearing and be subject to cross examination and amended Subsec. (h)(1) to add that cost of service includes mileage pursuant to Sec. 52-261 and that no officer or person shall be entitled to a fee for service pursuant to section, absent court order authorizing fee, unless timely return of service is received by the court. Section requires a continuous threat of present physical pain or physical injury. 104 CA 20; Id., 26. Trial court did not exceed its statutory authority when it ordered alcohol abuse counseling since it could reasonably have concluded that such counseling was necessary for the protection of the family, and did not exceed its statutory authority by extending restraining order to protect adult daughter since section allows orders appropriate for the protection of other persons as the court sees fit. 127 CA 586. Provision that “the court may impose such sanctions as the court deems appropriate” is ambiguous, and incarceration was not an appropriate sanction in a civil contempt proceeding for violation of a domestic restraining order where incarceration would not allow a contemnor to avoid or lessen the sentence of incarceration by purging himself of the contempt. 143 CA 1. The word “stalking” is to be construed according to its commonly approved usage, as opposed to the narrower definitions of stalking found in the Penal Code; trial court did not abuse its discretion in concluding in the context of all of the evidence that defendant's conduct in driving past plaintiff's home, turning around, and driving past the home a second time constituted an act of stalking. 150 CA 105. Because section is silent as to the applicable standard of proof, the preponderance of the evidence standard applies for the granting of a civil restraining order. 191 CA 850. Although a court may consider the subjective reaction of an alleged victim, the court must apply an objective standard in assessing a pattern of threatening. 214 CA 821. Extension of ex parte restraining order to parties' children was not appropriate for the protection of the children pursuant to Subsec. (b) absent any request to do so from plaintiff and absent any statements that defendant had engaged in any conduct related to the children; definition of “stalking” in section is not limited, but, rather, is broader than, the definition of stalking provided in Sec. 53a-181d and defendant's conduct in driving near plaintiff's home and sitting in her vehicle in two different locations over the course of a forty-five minute time period was sufficient to constitute an act of stalking pursuant to section. 220 CA 212. Cited. 44 CS 235.