§ 388. — 388. (Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 782, Sec. 3.)

California § 388.

• Jurisdiction: California
• Code WIC: Welfare and Institutions Code - WIC
• Div. 2.: DIVISION 2. CHILDREN
• Part 1.: PART 1. DELINQUENTS AND WARDS OF THE JUVENILE COURT
• Ch. 2.: CHAPTER 2. Juvenile Court Law
• Art. 12.: ARTICLE 12. Dependent Children—Modification of Juvenile Court Judgments and Orders

Text

(a)
(1)
Any parent or other person having an interest in a child who is a dependent child of the juvenile court or a nonminor dependent as defined in subdivision (v) of Section 11400, or the child or the nonminor dependent through a properly appointed guardian may, upon grounds of change of circumstance or new evidence, petition the court in the same action in which the child was found to be a dependent child of the juvenile court or in which a guardianship was ordered pursuant to Section 360 for a hearing to change, modify, or set aside any order of court previously made or to terminate the jurisdiction of the court. The petition shall be verified and, if made by a person other than the child or the nonminor dependent, shall
state the petitioner’s relationship to or interest in the child or the nonminor dependent and shall set forth in concise language any change of circumstance or new evidence that is alleged to require the change of order or termination of jurisdiction.
(2)
When any party, including a child who is a dependent of the juvenile court, petitions the court prior to an order terminating parental rights, to modify the order that reunification services were not needed pursuant to paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of subdivision (b) of Section 361.5, or to modify any orders related to custody or visitation of the subject child, and the court orders a hearing pursuant to subdivision (d), the court shall modify the order that reunification services were not needed pursuant to paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of subdivision (b) of Section 361.5, or any orders
related to the custody or visitation of the child for whom reunification services were not ordered pursuant to paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of subdivision (b) of Section 361.5, only if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the proposed change is in the best interests of the child.
(b)
(1)
Any person, including a child or a nonminor dependent who is a dependent of the juvenile court, may petition the court to assert a relationship as a sibling related by blood, adoption, or affinity through a common legal or biological parent to a child who is, or is the subject of a petition for adjudication as, a dependent of the juvenile court, and may request visitation with the dependent child, placement with or near the dependent child, or consideration when determining or implementing a case plan or permanent plan
for the dependent child or make any other request for an order which may be shown to be in the best interest of the dependent child.
(2)
A child or nonminor dependent who is a dependent of the juvenile court may petition the court to assert a relationship as a sibling related by blood, adoption, or affinity through a common legal or biological parent to a child who is in the physical custody of a common legal or biological parent, and may request visitation with the nondependent sibling in parental custody.
(3)
Pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 16002, a request for sibling visitation may be granted unless it is determined by the court that sibling visitation is contrary to the safety and well-being of any of the siblings.
(4)
The court may appoint a guardian ad litem to file the petition for a dependent child asserting a sibling relationship pursuant to this subdivision if the court determines that the appointment is necessary for the best interests of the dependent child. The petition shall be verified and shall set forth the following:
(A)
Through which parent the dependent child is related to the sibling.
(B)
Whether the dependent child is related to the sibling by blood, adoption, or affinity.
(C)
The request or order that the petitioner is seeking.
(D)
Why that request or order is in the best interest of the dependent child.
(c)
(1)
Any party, including a child who is a dependent of the juvenile court, may petition the court, prior to the hearing set pursuant to subdivision (f) of Section 366.21 for a child described by subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 361.5, or prior to the hearing set pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 366.21 for a child described by subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 361.5, to terminate court-ordered reunification services provided under subdivision (a) of Section 361.5 only if one of the following conditions exists:
(A)
It appears that a change of circumstance or new evidence exists that satisfies a condition set forth in subdivision (b) or (e) of Section 361.5 justifying termination of court-ordered reunification
services.
(B)
The action or inaction of the parent or guardian creates a substantial likelihood that reunification will not occur, including, but not limited to, the parent’s or guardian’s failure to visit the child, or the failure of the parent or guardian to participate regularly and make substantive progress in a court-ordered treatment plan.
(2)
In determining whether the parent or guardian has failed to visit the child or participate regularly or make progress in the treatment plan, the court shall consider factors that include, but are not limited to, the parent’s or guardian’s incarceration, institutionalization, detention by the United States Department of Homeland Security, deportation, or participation in a court-ordered residential substance abuse treatment program.
(3)
The court shall terminate reunification services during the above-described time periods only upon a finding by a preponderance of evidence that reasonable services have been offered or provided, and upon a finding of clear and convincing evidence that one of the conditions in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) exists.
(4)
Any party, including a nonminor dependent, as defined in subdivision (v) of Section 11400, may petition the court prior to the review hearing set pursuant to subdivision (d) of Section 366.31 to terminate the continuation of court-ordered family reunification services for a nonminor dependent who has attained 18 years of age. The court shall terminate family reunification services to the parent or guardian if the nonminor dependent or parent or guardian
are not in agreement that the continued provision of court-ordered family reunification services is in the best interests of the nonminor dependent.
(5)
If the court terminates reunification services, it shall order that a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 be held within 120 days. On and after January 1, 2012, a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 shall not be ordered if the child is a nonminor dependent. The court may order a nonminor dependent who is otherwise eligible for AFDC-FC benefits pursuant to Section 11403 to remain in a planned, permanent living arrangement.
(d)
If it appears that the best interests of the child or the nonminor dependent may be promoted by the proposed change of order, modification of reunification services, custody, or visitation orders
concerning a child for whom reunification services were not ordered pursuant to paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of subdivision (b) of Section 361.5, recognition of a sibling relationship, termination of jurisdiction, or clear and convincing evidence supports revocation or termination of court-ordered reunification services, the court shall order that a hearing be held and shall give prior notice, or cause prior notice to be given, to the persons and in the manner prescribed by Section 386, and, in those instances in which the manner of giving notice is not prescribed by those sections, then in the manner the court prescribes.
(e)
(1)
(A)
A nonminor who attained 18 years of age while subject to an order for foster care placement and who has not attained 21 years of age, or as described in Section 10103.5, for whom
the court has dismissed dependency jurisdiction pursuant to Section 391, or delinquency jurisdiction pursuant to Section 607.2, or transition jurisdiction pursuant to Section 452, but has retained general jurisdiction under subdivision (b) of Section 303, or the county child welfare services, probation department, or tribal placing agency on behalf of the nonminor, may petition the court in the same action in which the child was found to be a dependent or delinquent child of the juvenile court, for a hearing to resume the dependency jurisdiction over a former dependent or to assume or resume transition jurisdiction over a former delinquent ward pursuant to Section 450. The petition shall be filed within the period that the nonminor is of the age described in this paragraph. If the nonminor has completed the voluntary reentry agreement, as described in subdivision (z) of Section 11400, with the placing agency,
the agency shall file the petition on behalf of the nonminor within 15 judicial days of the date the agreement was signed unless the nonminor elects to file the petition at an earlier date.
(B)
The petition may be brought notwithstanding a court order vacating or dismissing the underlying adjudication pursuant to Section 236.14 of the Penal Code or Section 782 of this code.
(2)
(A)
The petition to resume jurisdiction may be filed in the juvenile court that retains general jurisdiction under subdivision (b) of Section 303, or the petition may be submitted to the juvenile court in the county where the youth resides and forwarded to the juvenile court that retained general jurisdiction and filed with that court. The juvenile court having general jurisdiction under
Section 303 shall receive the petition from the court where the petition was submitted within five court days of its submission, if the petition is filed in the county of residence. The juvenile court that retained general jurisdiction shall order that a hearing be held within 15 judicial days of the date the petition was filed if there is a prima facie showing that the nonminor satisfies the following criteria:
(i)
The nonminor was previously under juvenile court jurisdiction, subject to an order for foster care placement when the nonminor attained 18 years of age, and has not attained 21 years of age.
(ii)
The nonminor intends to satisfy at least one of the conditions set forth in paragraphs (1) to (5), inclusive, of subdivision (b) of Section 11403.
(iii)
The nonminor wants assistance either in maintaining or securing appropriate supervised placement, or is in need of immediate placement and agrees to supervised placement pursuant to the voluntary reentry agreement as described in subdivision (z) of Section 11400.
(B)
Upon ordering a hearing, the court shall give prior notice, or cause prior notice to be given, to the persons and by the means prescribed by Section 386, except that notice to parents or former guardians shall not be provided unless the nonminor requests, in writing on the face of the petition, notice to the parents or former guardians.
(3)
The Judicial Council, by January 1, 2012, shall adopt rules of court to allow for telephonic appearances by
nonminor former dependents or delinquents in these proceedings, and for telephonic appearances by nonminor dependents in any proceeding in which the nonminor dependent is a party, and the nonminor declines to appear and elects a telephonic appearance.
(4)
Prior to the hearing on a petition to resume dependency jurisdiction or to assume or resume transition jurisdiction, the court shall order the county child welfare or probation department to prepare a report for the court addressing whether the nonminor intends to satisfy at least one of the criteria set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 11403. When the recommendation is for the nonminor dependent to be placed in a setting where minor dependents also reside, the results of a background check of the petitioning nonminor conducted pursuant to Section 16504.5 may be used by the placing
agency to determine appropriate placement options for the nonminor. The existence of a criminal conviction is not a bar to eligibility for reentry or resumption of dependency jurisdiction or the assumption or resumption of transition jurisdiction over a nonminor.
(5)
(A)
The court shall resume dependency jurisdiction over a former dependent or assume or resume transition jurisdiction over a former delinquent ward pursuant to Section 450, and order that the nonminor’s placement and care be under the responsibility of the county child welfare services department, the probation department, tribe, consortium of tribes, or tribal organization, if the court finds all of the following:
(i)
The nonminor was previously under juvenile court jurisdiction, subject to
an order for foster care placement when the nonminor attained 18 years of age.
(ii)
The nonminor has not attained 21 years of age.
(iii)
Reentry and remaining in foster care are in the nonminor’s best interests.
(iv)
The nonminor intends to satisfy, and agrees to satisfy, at least one of the criteria set forth in paragraphs (1) to (5), inclusive, of subdivision (b) of Section 11403, and demonstrates their agreement to placement in a supervised setting under the placement and care responsibility of the placing agency and to satisfy the criteria by signing the voluntary reentry agreement as described in subdivision (z) of Section 11400.
(B)
In no event shall
the court grant a continuance that would cause the hearing to resume dependency jurisdiction or to assume or resume transition jurisdiction to be completed more than 120 days after the date the petition was filed.
(C)
The agency made responsible for the nonminor’s placement and care pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall prepare a new transitional independent living case plan within 60 calendar days from the date the nonminor signed the voluntary reentry agreement as described in subdivision (z) of Section 11400 and submit it to the court for the review hearing under Section 366.31, to be held within 70 days of the resumption of dependency jurisdiction or assumption or resumption of transition jurisdiction. In no event shall the review hearing under Section 366.3 be held more than 170 calendar days from the date the nonminor signed the voluntary reentry
agreement.
(f)
(1)
For any nonminor dependent who attained 18 years of age while subject to an order for foster care placement and who has not attained 21 years of age, and who, prior to attaining 18 years of age, was not eligible for federal financial participation, as defined in Section 11402.1, the county child welfare, probation, or tribal placing agency may, on behalf of, and with the consent of, the nonminor dependent, petition the court to dismiss its dependency or transition jurisdiction and immediately resume dependency or transition jurisdiction in order to establish the nonminor dependent’s eligibility for federal financial participation.
(2)
A petition filed pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include notice to the nonminor dependent and the nonminor
dependent’s attorney.
(3)
If the court grants a petition filed pursuant to paragraph (1), the court shall, upon terminating its dependency or transition jurisdiction, maintain general jurisdiction over the nonminor dependent pursuant to Section 303 and immediately resume dependency or transition jurisdiction. The court may grant the petition without a hearing.
(4)
Sections 391, 452, and 607.2 do not apply to a petition filed pursuant to paragraph (1).
(5)
Following the granting of a petition filed pursuant to paragraph (1), a new agreement for extended foster care shall be jointly signed by the agency responsible for the nonminor dependent’s placement and care and the nonminor dependent. However, notwithstanding
any other law, if the nonminor dependent established a transitional independent living plan prior to the granting of the petition, the agency shall not be required to prepare a new transitional independent living plan as described in subparagraph (C) of paragraph (5) of subdivision (e).
(6)
The county child welfare, probation, or tribal placing agency shall ensure that a nonminor dependent does not experience a break in services or supports before, during, or after the filing or granting of a petition described in paragraph (1).
(7)
A county child welfare, probation, or tribal placing agency shall not file a petition described in paragraph (1) if either of the following circumstances is present:
(A)
The nonminor dependent
is categorically ineligible for federal AFDC-FC benefits.
(B)
The nonminor dependent is a member of a tribe and would likely become ineligible for services or supports, or have benefits disrupted, if the county sought to establish eligibility for federal financial participation pursuant to paragraph (1).
(8)
By September 1, 2022, the Judicial Council shall develop and implement rules, and develop and adopt appropriate forms, as necessary to implement this subdivision.
(9)
The director shall, by July 1, 2022, seek any federal approvals necessary for implementation of this subdivision.

Legislative History

Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 782, Sec. 3. (SB 1161) Effective January 1, 2025.