California § 1431. 1431. (Amended June 3, 1986, by initiative Proposition 51, Sec. 2.)

California Statutes

§ 1431. — 1431. (Amended June 3, 1986, by initiative Proposition 51, Sec. 2.)

California § 1431.

JurisdictionCalifornia

Code CIVCivil Code - CIV

Div. 3.DIVISION 3. OBLIGATIONS

Title2.

Part 1.TITLE 2. INTERPRETATION OF OBLIGATIONS

Ch. 2.CHAPTER 2. Joint or Several Obligations

This text of California § 1431. (1431. (Amended June 3, 1986, by initiative Proposition 51, Sec. 2.)) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering California primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

Cal. Civil Code - CIV Code § 1431. (2026).

Text

Joint Liability
An obligation imposed upon several persons, or a right created in favor of several persons, is presumed to be joint, and not several, except as provided in Section 1431.2, and except in the special cases mentioned in the title on the interpretation of contracts. This presumption, in the case of a right, can be overcome only by express words to the contrary.

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In Re Air Crash Disaster Near Cerritos, California, on August 31, 1986. Mary Guzman Lorraine Ayala, Alex Guzman Sandra Moldonado and Reann Guzman, a Minor, by and Through Her Guardian Ad Litem, Pauline Valenzuela v. Aeronaves De Mexico, S.A., Dba Aeromexico, and United States of America, in Re Air Crash Disaster Near Cerritos, California, on August 31, 1986. Marcy Huerta John Daniel Huerta Martin David Huerta Johnna Danette Huerta v. Aeronaves De Mexico, S.A., Dba Aeromexico, and United States of America, in Re Air Crash Disaster Near Cerritos, California, on August 31, 1986. April Renee Basye, a Minor, by Her Guardian Ad Litem, Barbara Basye Barbara Basye Tracy Lynn Basye and Michael Anthony Basye v. Aeronaves De Mexico, S.A., Dba Aeromexico, and United States of America, in Re Air Crash Disaster Near Cerritos, California, on August 31, 1986. Virginia Guzman Susan Harbour Manuel Guzman, Jr. Steven Guzman v. Aeronaves De Mexico, S.A., Dba Aeromexico, and United States of America

982 F.2d 1271 (Ninth Circuit, 1992)

23 case citations

In Re Piper Aircraft

792 F. Supp. 1189 (N.D. California, 1992)

12 case citations

Wilbur D. May v. Nevada Irrigation District, an Irrigation District Organized and Existing Under the Laws of California

600 F.2d 1280 (Ninth Circuit, 1979)

11 case citations

Guzman v. Aeronaves de Mexico, S.A.

982 F.2d 1271 (Ninth Circuit, 1992)

1 case citations

The Eclipse Group LLP v. Target Corporation

(S.D. California, 2020)

Nevis v. Rideout Memorial Hospital

(E.D. California, 2022)

Ruby Evans by and through her Successor in Interest v. Windsor Vallejo Care Center, LLC

(E.D. California, 2025)

Legislative History

Amended June 3, 1986, by initiative Proposition 51, Sec. 2. Note: Prop. 51 (the Fair Responsibility Act of 1986) includes Sections 1431.1 to 1431.5 and part of this section.