Young v. Moore

820 So. 2d 901, 2002 WL 1065931
CourtSupreme Court of Florida
DecidedMay 30, 2002
DocketSC00-1106
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 820 So. 2d 901 (Young v. Moore) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Young v. Moore, 820 So. 2d 901, 2002 WL 1065931 (Fla. 2002).

Opinion

820 So.2d 901 (2002)

Chad A. YOUNG, Petitioner,
v.
Michael W. MOORE, etc., et al., Respondents.

No. SC00-1106.

Supreme Court of Florida.

May 30, 2002.

Stephen K. Johnson, Gainesville, FL, for Petitioner.

Carolyn J. Mosley, Assistant General Counsel, Department of Corrections, Tallahassee, FL, for Respondents.

PER CURIAM.

Chad A. Young petitions this Court for a writ of habeas corpus. We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 3(b)(9), Fla. Const. For the reasons set forth below, we deny the petition.

Young is serving a prison sentence for a first-degree felony violation of section 817.034(4)(a)1, Florida Statutes (1995), the Florida Communications Fraud Act (FCFA). The relevant facts leading to Young's incarceration are as follows. Between January 1991 and July 1996, Young engaged in a criminal scheme to defraud his grandparents, Clarence and Lucy Young, age 80 and 72 respectively, of approximately $80,000 by claiming he needed money to pay gambling debts. Young claimed that he had been beaten and cut numerous times by the persons to whom he owed money, and that he would be *902 killed if he failed to pay the debts. To help Young out, the grandparents mortgaged their home, depleted their life savings, and borrowed $35,000. On June 28, 1996, Young made an additional request from the grandparents for $7000 to pay off his alleged kidnappers, and even followed this request with a phone call to his grandparents stating, in a disguised voice, "If we don't get the money, the kid's dead." After the grandparents requested assistance from law enforcement, Young was apprehended on July 3, 1996, while trying to collect the money from the grandparents. Young admitted to police that, contrary to his representations to his grandparents, he owed no one any money, he had never been kidnapped, beaten, or cut, and he was, in fact, the voice of the "kidnapper" who telephoned his grandparents seeking to extort money.

In January 1997, Young pled guilty to first-degree scheme to defraud in violation of section 817.034(4)(a)1, Florida Statutes (1995) and, in April 1997, was sentenced to two years on community control. However, in February 1998, Young was adjudicated guilty of violating community control and, pursuant to section 921.001(4)(b)3, Florida Statutes (1997), the court resentenced Young under the 1991 guidelines to five and a half years in prison.[1] Young was placed in the custody of the Department of Corrections ("Department") on April 27, 1998. Subsequent to Young's incarceration, the Department has applied the gain time provisions of section 944.275(4)(b)3, Florida Statutes (1997), which permits Young to accumulate up to 10 days per month incentive gain time and requires him to serve a minimum of 85% of his sentence incarcerated.[2] Accordingly, Young's tentative release date is August 17, 2002.

Young contends that the Department is precluded in this instance from imposing a gain time calculation based on a gain time statute from a year different than that used for sentencing.[3] We disagree. The plain meaning of the statute governing Young's gain time calculation specifically directs the Department to calculate Young's gain time as of the date the crime was committed:

For sentences imposed for offenses committed on or after October 1, 1995, the department may grant up to 10 days per month of incentive gain-time, except that no prisoner is eligible to earn any type of gain-time in an amount that would cause a sentence to expire, end, or terminate, or that would result in a prisoner's release, prior to serving a minimum of 85 percent of the sentence imposed.

§ 944.275(4)(b)3, Fla. Stat. (1997) (emphasis added). Moreover, because a scheme to defraud in violation of section 817.034(4)(a)1 is a true continuing offense, we find that Young's crime was "committed" *903 in 1996.[4] Therefore, section 944.275(4)(b)3 is clearly applicable to Young, and it cannot be said that the Department did anything other than correctly implement the law that existed at the time of Young's incarceration:

The legislature amended ... [section 944.274(4)(b)3] in 1995, with an effective date of October 1, 1995, in an act designated the "Stop Turning Out Prisoners Act." In doing so, it added language curtailing the Department of Corrections' discretion to award incentive gain-time to prisoners serving "sentences imposed for offenses committed on or after October 1, 1995" .... It is obvious that the legislature's intent, as embodied in this statutory provision, is to stop the early release of prisoners because of the awarding of gain-time credits by requiring that such prisoners serve a minimum of eighty-five percent of sentences imposed for offenses committed on or after October 1, 1995.

Turner v. State, 689 So.2d 1107, 1109 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997)

Young's claim that the Department's application of the reduced gain time statute is violative of the Ex Post Facto Clause of the Constitution is also without merit. This Court has stated, "[T]he Ex Post Facto Clause is triggered when a law `increases punishment beyond what was prescribed when the crime was consummated.'" Thomas v. Moore, 748 So.2d 1010, 1011 (Fla.1999) (emphasis in original) (quoting Lynce v. Mathis, 519 U.S. 433, 441, 117 S.Ct. 891, 137 L.Ed.2d 63 (1997)). For example, in Gwong v. Singletary, 683 So.2d 109 (Fla.1996), we held that an administrative regulation reducing the eligibility of certain inmates to earn incentive gain time credits applied to a class of inmates who committed their offenses before the effective date of the regulation and, therefore, unconstitutionally acted to enhance the nature of punishment. In this case, however, Young consummated his crime in 1996, nearly ten months after the effective date of the statute reducing gain time.[5] Because the gain time statute at issue here was in effect when Young "consummated" his offense, there is no unconstitutional retroactive application of this statute to him. See Thomas, 748 So.2d at 1011-12.[6]

*904 While it is true that eligibility for reduced imprisonment through eligible gain time is a significant factor entering into the defendant's decision to plea bargain, the statute reducing gain time in this case had taken effect in October 1995 and Young did not enter his plea until January 22, 1997, nearly one and a half years later. Moreover, Young was not sentenced to prison until February 1998 (after he violated his probation for possession of forged bank bills), nearly two and a half years after the statute reducing gain time had taken effect. Although reduced imprisonment through gain time is arguably a significant factor entering into both the defendant's decision to plea bargain and the judge's calculation of the sentence imposed, in this instance, the statute reducing gain time was in effect at the time of Young's plea and at the time of Young's sentencing. Therefore, it cannot be said that the likelihood of receiving reduced gain time could not have been considered by Young when he entered his plea.

Finally, Young claims that the Department's action here frustrates the Legislature's intent to "maintain continuity" between the sentencing guidelines and gain time statutes. No one questions that the guidelines and gain time have been a consideration in sentencing since the guidelines were established in 1982. See ch. 82-145, § 1, Laws of Fla.

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820 So. 2d 901, 2002 WL 1065931, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/young-v-moore-fla-2002.