Wright v. Old Gringo, Inc.

Opinion

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 MARSHA WRIGHT, an individual, Case No.: 17cv1996-BAS(MSB)

12 Plaintiff, ORDER REGARDING PLAINTIFF’S 13 v. MOTION TO ENFORCE COMPLIANCE WITH THE COURT’S ORDERS 14 OLD GRINGO, INC., et al., CONCERNING AND/OR TO COMPEL 15 Defendants. FURTHER ANSWERS TO REQUESTS FOR VARIOUS FINANCIAL INFORMATION 16 RELATING TO OLD GRINGO, S.A. DE C.V. 17 [ECF NO. 180] 18 19 20 Presently before the Court is Plaintiff’s “Motion to Enforce Compliance with the 21 Court’s Orders Concerning and/or to Compel Further Answers to Requests for Various 22 Information Relating to Old Gringo, S.A. de C.V,” filed by Plaintiff on September 20, 23 2019. (See ECF No. 180.) Defendants filed their opposition to the motion on September 24 24, 2019. (ECF No. 185.) 25 I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND 26 Plaintiff, a former designer for Defendants Old Gringo, Inc. (“OGI”) and Old 27 Gringo, S.A. de C.V. (“OGS”) (a Western wear manufacturer and distributor and its 2 and Yan Ferry (“Ferry”), told her in January 2013 that they were giving her a 5% 3 ownership interest in the Old Gringo Companies. (See Compl. at 5, ECF No. 1.) The 4 alleged promise was never reduced to writing, and the ownership interest was distinct 5 from her salary and bonus compensation. (Id. at 6.) Plaintiff alleges that over the years, 6 Tarut and Ferry made statements to Plaintiff that affirmed her part ownership and 7 encouraged her to work hard on behalf of the Old Gringo Companies. (Id. at 7-8.) By 8 October 2015, when Plaintiff stopped working with the Old Gringo Companies, Plaintiff 9 had still not received the alleged ownership interest and concluded that contrary to her 10 previous belief, it did not exist. (Id. at 13.) Plaintiff maintains causes of action against 11 OGI, OGS, Yan, and Ferry for (1) fraud and fraudulent misrepresentation, (2) specific 12 performance (to the extent this claim is not based upon contract), (3) promissory fraud, 13 (4) concealment, (5) negligent misrepresentation, (6) promissory estoppel, and (7) 14 unjust enrichment. (Id.; see also ECF No. 62 at 32 (granting in part Defendants’ motion 15 for summary judgment and dismissing contract claim and specific performance claim 16 solely to the extent it is premised on breach of contract, and denying all other grounds 17 for summary judgment); ECF No. 163 at 16 (denying Defendants’ subsequent motion for 18 summary judgment).) 19 II. RELEVANT PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 20 On December 6, 2018, the parties filed “Joint Motion for Determination of 21 Discovery Dispute No. 3.” (ECF No. 58.) On January 14, 2019, the parties filed 22 “Amended Joint Motion for Determination of Discovery Dispute No. 2.” (ECF No. 73.) In 23 relevant part, both discovery motions included Plaintiff’s requests that the Court compel 24 further responses to her requests for production of documents (“RFPs”) from OGI 25 regarding the ownership, finances, and valuation of OGI’s commonly owned sister 26 company and Co-Defendant: OGS. (See ECF No. 58 at 44-101; ECF No. 73 at 3-7; 13-15; 27 66-92.) After reviewing the parties’ detailed pleadings and holding two discovery 2 on Plaintiff’s motions to compel further responses to her RFPs: granted as to RFP Nos. 4, 3 13, 21, 39, 45, 86, 87, and 95 and granted in part (only for the test year of 2014) as to 4 RFP Nos. 88, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, and 100. (Id. at 4-5.) The Court ordered that OGI 5 produce its supplemental responses to these OGS-related RFPs within one week after 6 Judge Bashant’s denial of OGS’ jurisdictional motion [ECF No. 61]. (ECF No. 85 at 4-5.) 7 OGI produced responsive documents on June 18, 2019, exactly one week after 8 Judge Bashant’s order denying OGS’ jurisdictional motion was denied, and additional 9 documents on June 25, 2019. (ECF No. 180-3 at 2-3; see also ECF No. 115 (denying 10 jurisdictional motion on June 11, 2019).) OGI’s production included nearly 1,500 pages 11 of documents and the declaration of Pablo Pinochet, stating that he was an officer with 12 pertinent knowledge, and that OGS did not have documents responsive to RFP Nos. 95 13 and 98. (ECF No. 180-3 at 2, 5-8.) 14 On July 23, 2019, after a discovery hearing on July 19, 2019, this Court stayed 15 Plaintiff’s deadline to file a joint motion for determination of discovery dispute 16 regarding Defendants’ production of documents as required by the Court’s February 6, 17 2019 order, to be reset at a case management conference after Judge Bashant’s ruling 18 on the pending motion for summary judgment. (ECF No. 159 at 3.) The Court held 19 telephonic case management conferences on September 11 and September 17, 2019, 20 (ECF Nos. 174, 177), and recognizing that roughly three months had passed for Plaintiff 21 to review OGI’s document production, the Court ordered Plaintiff to file her motion2 by 22 23 1 At the time they were issued, the Court’s order granting OGI’s supplemental responses 24 to certain RFPs requesting OGS-related documents were contingent on Judge Bashant’s 25 denial of OGS’ jurisdictional motion. (See ECF No. 85 at 4-5.) Since Judge Bashant has since denied the motion in question, (ECF No. 115) this order will disregard the 26 conditional aspect to streamline the discussion. 27 2 The Court permitted Plaintiff to file a motion on her own behalf, without using the 2 motion, claiming that the documents OGI provided “do not comply with the Court’s 3 orders and are not responsive to Plaintiff’s discovery requests.” (ECF No. 180-1 at 2.) 4 She asks the Court to order Defendants to “provide English translations of any 5 documents provided to Plaintiff by [OGI] on June 18, 2019 and June 25, 2019 to the 6 extent that English translations have ever been made of the documents,” (id. at 6), “to 7 organize and label their document production to correspond to the categories in 8 Plaintiff’s requests,” (id. at 7-8), “to comply with [the Court’s order RFPs 39, 45, 86, 87, 9 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 97, and 100,” (id. at 10), and “to provide its electronic accounting 10 records,” (id. at 11). Plaintiff also asks the Court to acknowledge Plaintiff’s claim that 11 she “has not waived any of her rights to take discovery on any appropriate subject.” (Id. 12 at 8.) 13 III. LEGAL STANDARD 14 The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure authorize parties to obtain discovery 15 regarding any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any claim or defense and 16 proportional to the needs of the case, “considering the importance of the issues at stake 17 in the action, the amount in controversy, the parties’ relative access to relevant 18 information, the parties’ resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the 19 issues, and whether the burden or expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its 20 likely benefit.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). Relevant information need not be admissible at 21 trial to be discoverable. Id. District courts have broad discretion to determine relevancy 22 for discovery purposes. See Hallett v. Morgan, 296 F.3d 732, 751 (9th Cir. 2002). 23 Similarly, district courts have broad discretion to limit discovery where the discovery 24 sought is “unreasonably cumulative or duplicative, or can be obtained from some other 25 source that is more convenient, less burdensome, or less expensive”; the requesting 26 party has had ample opportunity to obtain discovery; or the discovery sought is beyond 27 the scope of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(1). Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(2)(C). 2 Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b). Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(a). “For each item or category, the 3 response must either state that inspection and related activities will be permitted as 4 requested or state an objection to the request, including the reasons.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 5 34(b)(2)(B). The responding party is responsible for all items in “the responding party’s 6 possession, custody or control.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(a)(1). 7 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(a) authorizes a party to move the Court to 8 compel further production of documents. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(3)(iv). Rule 37 (b) 9 authorizes the Court to enter such further orders as are just to address a party’s 10 violation of the Court’s prior discovery order. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b) 11 IV. DISCUSSION 12 A. Adequacy of Meet and Confer 13 Defendants argue that one of the reasons the Court should deny Plaintiff’s motion 14 is because Plaintiff failed to meet and confer as required by Civil Local Rule 26.1(a) until 15 less than two hours before the deadline to file the instant motion regarding the alleged 16 specific deficiencies in OGI’s June 2019 document production, “that the documents 17 were not organized properly; that the documents responding to four RFPs were 18 ‘incomplete’ and that seven RFPs were ‘not responded to at all.’” (ECF No. 185 at 2, 14- 19 15.) While Plaintiff’s motion asserts that Plaintiff’s meet and confer efforts included an 20 exchange of letters on July 9, 2019 and telephonic meet and confer sessions on August 21 28, 2019 and September 20, 2019, (ECF No. 180-1 at 11), Defendants explain that 22 despite the fact that they asked Plaintiff’s counsel to tell them what he believed was 23 missing from the production in question on July 8, 2019, it was not until September 20, 24 2019 that Plaintiff’s counsel identified any specific alleged deficiencies, (ECF Nos. 185 at 25 4; 185-1 at 2-3). 26 Civil Local Rule 26.1(a) states that “[t]he Court will entertain no motion pursuant 27 to Rules 26 through 37, Fed. R. Civ. P., unless counsel will have previously met and 2 are to confer by telephone. Under no circumstances may the parties satisfy the meet 3 and confer requirement by exchanging written correspondence.” CivLR 26.1(a). Judge 4 Berg’s Civil Chambers Rule IV.A., addressing discovery disputes, directs the parties that 5 they “are to promptly meet and confer regarding all disputed issues, pursuant to the 6 requirements of Civil Local Rule 26.1(a). 7 It seems to the Court that by waiting until less than two hours before the filing of 8 the instant motion, Plaintiff’s counsel made it very unlikely that the meet and confer 9 would be effective. It did not leave time for the parties to exchange further information 10 or review one another’s arguments, or for Plaintiff to amend her motion accordingly. 11 On the other hand, the Court recognizes that while Plaintiff had months to review the 12 document production, the Court gave the September 20, 2019 filing deadline on 13 September 17, 2019. Given the short notice of the filing deadline, and the fact that 14 Plaintiff’s counsel did at least have a telephone conversation with Defendants’ counsel 15 on September 20, 2019, the Court will not consider the minimal meet and confer a 16 barrier to consideration of the instant motion. 17 B. Motion to Compel Production of English Translations of OGS Documents 18 Plaintiff states that OGI’s document production related to OGS is in Spanish. (ECF 19 No. 180-1 at 5.) She cites to authority for the position that if a party producing foreign 20 language documents has English translations of those documents in its custody or 21 control, it may be compelled to produce such translations. (Id. (citing Toyo Tire & 22 Rubber Co. v. CIA Wheel Grp., No. SA-CV-1500246-DOC-DFMX, 2016 WL 6246383, at *2 23 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 14, 2016)).) Plaintiff and her expert suspect that OGI has English 24 translations of at least some of the documents produced. (ECF No. 180-1 at 4 (“It’s not 25 particularly plausible that [OGI] relies on critical financial documents in from its 26 corporate sibling and its factory . . . in a language that no one at [OGI] . . . can 27 understand.”); ECF No. 180-2 at 2-3 (“[F]rom a finance and accounting perspective, I 2 reporting currency of the domestic entity ([OGI]). Such translation and conversion 3 would necessarily allow ownership management (i.e. Mr. Tarut) to review the financial 4 results of [OGS] and thereby have intelligible and strategic decisionmaking[sic] 5 conversations about both Old Gringo Entities individually and collectively. In addition, 6 while I am not a tax preparer, I believe that Mr. Tarut’s and [OGI’s American] 7 accountants . . . would necessarily need to know some level of information concerning 8 [OGS] . . .”).) Based on the foregoing, Plaintiff asks the Court to order “Defendants [to] 9 provide English translations of any documents provided to Plaintiff by [OGI pursuant to 10 the Court’s order, (ECF No. 85)].” (ECF No. 180-1 at 6.) 11 Defendants do not cite any contrary authority, and instead argue that Plaintiff 12 failed to specifically ask for English translations in her RFPs and that the instant motion 13 is untimely.3 (See ECF No. 185 at 12.) Finally, Defendants assert that “no English 14 translations exist of any of the Mexican documents,” and they cite to three declarations 15 from people with knowledge that support this assertion. (Id. at 12-13.) Specifically, 16 Defendant Ernest Tarut, President of OGI and part-owner of OGS, states in his 17 declaration that neither OGS, OGI, nor Tarut himself have in their care, custody, or 18 control, any English translations of the documents in question. (ECF No. 184 at 2.) 19 Defendant Yan Ferry, an officer of OGI and an owner of OGS, states that neither he, 20 OGS, nor OGI have any English translations of the documents in question. (ECF No. 184- 21 1 at 2.) Finally, Pablo Pinochet, the Corporate Director OGS, states that OGS does not 22 have English translations of the documents in question in its care, custody, or control. 23 (ECF No. 184-2 at 2.) 24 25

26 27 3 Defendants also argue that they should not bear the burden of creating English 2 nature, without reference to the language they were written in. The Court does not 3 read the requests as exclusively for Spanish-language documents. If OGI has English 4 language documents of internally created documents responsive to the RFPs within its 5 possession, custody, or control, the Court would consider those to be responsive. For 6 instance, an OGS balance sheet generated by OGS or its agents—whether in English or 7 Spanish, pesos or dollars—is still an OGS balance sheet. The same is not true for 8 documents produced by third parties, such as bank account statements. Unless issued 9 by the bank in multiple languages, any translations of a bank’s account statements 10 would not be account statements, and would not be responsive to the initial request. 11 Additionally, as described above in Section II, the Court extended Plaintiff’s deadline to 12 file the instant motion, so Defendants’ timeliness arguments are not well-taken. 13 The Court now turns to Defendants’ assertion that no English translations of any 14 of the documents at-issue exist. At first blush, Defendants’ declarations appear to 15 indicate that neither Yan, Ferry, Pinochet, nor OGS have within their care, custody or 16 control an English language translation of even one of the documents from OGI’s OGS- 17 related production pursuant the Court’s February 6, 2019 order. The Court notes, 18 however, that the statement that Defendants do “not possess any English translations 19 of the financial documents produced in June 2019,” could be interpreted to mean that 20 they do not have English translations of all of the documents, rather than any of the 21 documents. In case this distinction was intended, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion 22 and ORDERS OGI to produce all English-language translations in its care, custody, or 23 control, of any of the OGS-related documents it produced to Plaintiff in June 2019. 24 C. Motion to Compel Organization of Document Production 25 Plaintiff claims that OGI’s production fails to comply with Federal Rule of Civil 26 Procedure 34, which requires that documents be produced “as they are kept in the 27 usual course of business or . . . organize[d] and label[ed] . . . to correspond to the 2 over 1,500 pages – at all,” such that “there is no way for Plaintiff to determine what 3 documents are supposed to respond to which requests.” (Id.) Defendants assert that 4 “[w]hile the production of Mexican documents were not ‘tabbed’ by category, the 5 documents responsive to each RFP were kept together, in chronological groups, and 6 best efforts had been made to ensure that the documents were Bates stamped and 7 provided in the order of the Court’s February 6, 2019 Order ruling individually by RFP 8 number.” (ECF No. 185 at 6.) Defendants’ counsel also, within approximately one hour 9 after receiving a phone call from Plaintiff’s counsel claiming that responses to certain 10 RFPs were incomplete or not provided, sent an email to Plaintiff’s counsel identifying 11 the Bates numbers of the documents that were responsive to RFP Nos. 39, 45, 86, 87, 12 88, 90, 91, 92, 97, and 100. (See ECF No. 185-1 at 11-12.) 13 The Court has inadequate information about the production here to ascertain 14 whether it ought to apply the production rules for documents or electronically stored 15 information in this case. See TetraVue, Inc. v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co., Case No.: 16 14cv2021-W (BLM), 2017 WL 1008788, at *7 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 15, 2017) (“Rule 17 34(b)(2)(E)(i) governs hard copy documents, and (E)(ii) governs ESI, with no overlap 18 between.”) (quoting Anderson Living Trust v. WPX Energy Prod., LLC, 298 F.R.D. 514, 527 19 (D.N.M. 2014)). Though the documents were largely produced on a flash drive, it is 20 unclear whether the documents had been scanned from hard copy, or generated from 21 electronic storage. Since Defendants do not argue for the application of any other 22 standard, the Court will apply Rule 34(b)(2)(E)(i). In light of the fact that Defendants do 23 not argue that OGI produced documents as stored in the ordinary course of business, 24 and instead Defendants assert that OGI’s June 2019 production is organized by RFP, Rule 25 34 requires that the records be organized and labeled to respond to the RFPs. 26 Defendants’ Counsel’s explanation of how the document production is organized (by 27 RFP as addressed in the Court’s order) and the email on September 20, 2019, identifying 2 satisfy their burden under Rule 34. The Court therefore GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion and 3 ORDERS OGI to provide supplemental responses to Plaintiff, indicating the Bates 4 numbers of the documents responsive to each RFP for which the Court ordered 5 production on February 6, 2019. 6 D. Plaintiff’s Request for an Advisory Discovery Opinion 7 Without authority, Plaintiff asks this Court to acknowledge in this Order that 8 “Plaintiff has not waived any of her rights to take discovery on any appropriate subject 9 (as permitted under Rule 26 and Mexican civil procedure) from [OGS].” (ECF No. 180-1 10 at 8.) Plaintiff makes this request on the basis that she “believes that Defendants will 11 later point to this June 2019 production in response to discovery directed to [OGS] and 12 claim that [OGS] already turned over everything Defendants had in response, and since 13 Plaintiff didn’t object, Plaintiff is out of luck.” (Id.) Plaintiff’s request seeks an advisory 14 opinion on a dispute that is not ripe for review. See, e.g., Slagowski v. Cent. Washington 15 Asphalt, No. 2:11-CV-00142-APG, 2014 WL 3001951, at *6 (D. Nev. July 1, 2014) (“First, 16 the relief Zemke seeks is an advisory opinion concerning a dispute that is not ripe for 17 review. He argues that a protective order should be entered because Central 18 Washington defendants ‘will attempt improper supplementation.’ This is an improper 19 request for relief.”) (citing U.S. CONST. art. III, § 2). The Court declines Plaintiff’s request 20 to render an advisory opinion pursuant to this motion and DENIES the motion. 21 E. Completeness of Production Pursuant to this Court’s Order 22 Plaintiff argues that the documents Defendants tendered pursuant to the Court’s 23 February 6, 2019 Order were insufficient. Plaintiff seeks responses to RFPs 88, 89, 90, 24 91, 92, 97, and 100 indicating that no response at all was received. Plaintiff seeks 25 additional responses to RFPs 39, 45, 86, and 87 indicating that the responses were 26 incomplete. 27 / / / 2 97, 98, and 100 3 In their original RFPs to OGI, Plaintiff included a series of requests that sought 4 detailed financial information regarding OGS from 2012 through 2018. When Plaintiff 5 moved to compel production through a joint motion for determination of discovery 6 dispute, the Court granted in part Plaintiff’s motion to compel production pursuant to 7 RFP Nos. 88, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, and 100, but required OGI to produce only documents 8 for one test year, the year 2014. (ECF No. 85 at 5.) The Court denied Plaintiff’s RFP No. 9 89, which requested OGS’ tax records for the period in question. (Id. at 4, see also ECF 10 No. 58 at 53.) 11 As to all of these RFPs, Plaintiff claims that OGI failed to produce any documents 12 at all. (ECF Nos. 180-1 at 8; 180-2 at 5.) Plaintiff claims to have met and conferred with 13 Defendants on multiple occasions regarding OGI’s OGS-related document production, 14 during which “Defendants’ counsel offered no concessions . . . , maintained that there 15 are no English-language versions of the documents, maintained that the documents 16 comply with the organizational requirements if Rule 34 because they are ‘basically in 17 order,’ insisted that the documents came from [OGS] rather than [OGI], did not respond 18 to or disagreed with Plaintiff’s position that several categories of documents are 19 missing, and did not respond to Plaintiff’s counsel’s suggestion that the parties jointly 20 contact the Court to request more time to file this motion to provide the parties 21 additional time to resolve the matters discussed herein.” (ECF No. 180-1 at 11.) 22 Defendants’ counsel states that even though Plaintiff’s counsel had received all of 23 OGI’s production of OGS-related documents pursuant to the Court’s Order, (ECF No. 85), 24 on July 7, 2019, (ECF No. 185 at 3), the first time Plaintiff informed Defendants of the 25 deficiencies in the document production complained about in this motion was during a 26 phone call less than two hours before Plaintiff’s deadline to file the instant motion. (Id. 27 at 3-7.) Defendants’ provide an email sent to Plaintiff’s counsel less than one hour after 2 185-1 at 11-13.) That email identifies documents responsive to the Court’s order to 3 produce documents for the test year of 2014 pursuant to RFP Nos. 88, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, 4 and 100. (Id.) Nothing in Plaintiff’s motion, or the declarations of Mssrs. Vanetti and 5 Norris, explains why the documents identified by Defendants are not responsive or 6 sufficient. (See ECF Nos. 180-2, 180-3.) Based on the record before the Court, Plaintiff 7 has not demonstrated that Defendant failed to comply with the Court’s Order as it 8 pertains to this group of RFPs. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s motion to enforce compliance to 9 the Court’s order regarding these RFPs is DENIED. 10 2. RFPs to which Plaintiff claims OGI provided incomplete responses: RFP 11 Nos. 39, 45, 86, and 87 12 There are four RFPs to which Plaintiff alleges OGI provided incomplete responses. 13 RFP Nos 39 and 45 sought “all documents identifying or concerning” the gross and 14 net profit for 2014. (ECF No. 73 at 69, 82.) Defendants’ counsel identified a single page 15 of discovery responsive to both of these requests: the 2014 profit and loss statement. 16 (ECF No. 185-1 at 12.) Plaintiff, through her expert, argues that “there should be other 17 documents available, (e.g. trial balances, a general ledger, tax returns, etc.) which would 18 also show the gross profit of OGS in 2014” and “more documents available which would 19 identify and presumably serve to support the net profit of OGS in 2014.” (ECF No. 180-2 20 at 5.) Defendants argue that such additional documents were turned over for the 2014 21 test year, noting that Defendants did produce OGS’ trial balance, general ledger, and 22 other specific documents for 2014. (ECF No. 185 at 8; see also ECF No. 185-1 at 11-12 23 (providing Bates numbers for OGS’ 2014 internal trial balance, monthly account 24 statements and reconciliations, general ledger, compensation and duty documents, and 25 lease agreements).) Based on the information provided to the Court, it appears that the 26 requested documents were in fact produced as ordered. Plaintiff’s motion to enforce 27 compliance with regard to RFP Nos. 39 and 45 is therefore DENIED. 2 end balance sheets for 2012 through 2017, including draft and preliminary versions 3 thereof. (ECF No. 58 at 44, 47.) The Court granted Plaintiff’s motion to compel 4 supplemental responses to these RFPs in their entirety. (ECF No. 85 at 4.) Plaintiff’s 5 expert claims that Defendants’ production pursuant to RFP No. 86 “was incomplete 6 because no preliminary drafts or other internal iterations of documents were provided.” 7 (ECF No. 180-2 at 5.) He states that he has never before seen “income statements 8 without drafts leading to ‘final’ versions,” and that these drafts are important to review 9 for valuation purposes. (Id.) Similarly, he states that Defendants’ production under RFP 10 No. 87 is insufficient because “there naturally should have been drafts of the ‘final’ 11 balance sheets provided from 2012 through 2017; however, no such drafts were 12 provided.” (Id. at 6.) He posits that “it would be difficult if not impossible for any third- 13 party CPA to audit any balance sheets [as Defendants claim OGS’ balance sheets have 14 been audited] without seeing draft versions and comparing them to final versions, 15 which is a routine part of auditing such documents.” (Id.) While Defendants did not 16 address Plaintiff’s concern regarding drafts or preliminary versions of these documents 17 in their briefing on this motion, counsel’s email responding to Plaintiff’s alleged 18 deficiencies stated that “there are no ‘drafts and draft versions and preliminary 19 versions’” of these documents. (ECF No. 185-1 at 12-13.) 20 “This Court cannot compel the production of documents that do not exist.” 21 Medina v. Cty. of San Diego, Civil No. 08CV1252 BAS (RBB), 2014 WL 4793026, at *19 22 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 25, 2014) (quoting Banks v. Beard, Civil No. 3:CV-10-1480, 2013 WL 23 3773837, at *2 (M.D. Pa. July 17, 2013)). However, in light of the Plaintiff’s counsel’s 24 strong opinion that drafts and preliminary versions of OGS’ profit and loss statements 25 and fiscal year-end balance sheets are likely to exist, Defendants’ counsel’s 26 representation to Plaintiff in an email that such documents do not exist is insufficient. 27 Plaintiff’s motion to enforce compliance is therefore GRANTED. OGI must supplement 2 someone with knowledge explaining efforts taken to locate such documents, that they 3 do not exist, and why. See 7 James Wm. Moore, et al., Moore’s Federal Practice § 4 34.13[2][a], at 34-57 (3d ed. 2017) (providing that when a party responds to a document 5 request with an answer, as opposed to production or an objection, the party must 6 answer under oath) (footnote omitted); see also Bryant v. Armstrong, 285 F.R.D. 596, 7 603 (S.D. Cal. 2012) (“If there are no other responsive documents in [d]efendant’s 8 possession, custody, or control, after conducting this further attempt to locate records, 9 [the party resisting discovery] must state so under oath and describe efforts [the party] 10 made to locate responsive documents.”) (citation omitted); SolarCity Corp. v. Doria, 11 Case No.: 16cv3085-JAH (RBB), 2018 WL 467898, at *7 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 18, 2018) (same). 12 F. Plaintiff’s Requests for Additional Discovery 13 In addition to asking this Court to order OGI to make its document production 14 comply with the Court’s February 6, 2019 order, Plaintiff asks the Court to order 15 substantial additional discovery. For example, in a footnote and without any authority, 16 Plaintiff contemplates whether “the Court might be inclined to order Defendants to 17 reveal the name and contact information of [OGS’] third party outside accountants to 18 expedite the process [of deposing that person]” and “requests that the Court do so.” 19 (ECF No. 180-1 at 9.) Plaintiff also asks, again without legal authority,4 for the Court to 20 order OGI to turn over OGS’ complete electronic accounting records. (Id. at 10.) 21 Plaintiff argues that ordering such disclosure will “help[] remedy the incomplete 22 production of [OGS’] financial documents,” “serv[e] as a proportionate response to 23 Defendants’ renewed failure to comply with discovery demands and the Court’s orders,” 24 and make Plaintiff’s discovery into OGS’s finances equal to her discovery of OGI’s 25

26 27 4 The Court notes that Plaintiff’s argument includes voluminous explanations of why she and her expert 1 || finances. (Id. at 10.) Defendants oppose these requests, noting that the Court did not 2 || order the production of these items previously and that Plaintiff has never 3 demonstrated that the test year documents do not verify OGS’ previously provided 4 || financial statements. (ECF No. 185 at 9-10.) 5 The Court does not find any compelling reason to revisit its February 6, 2019 6 ||order. Finding no legal or factual support for her argument, the Court DENIES □□□□□□□□□□□ 7 ||request for further discovery from OGI, not previously ordered by the Court. 8 V. CONCLUSION 9 For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiff's Motion to enforce compliance with the 10 || Court’s Orders for determination of Discovery Dispute is DENIED in part and GRANTED 11 |/in part as follows: 12 1. OGl is to provide English translations, if they exist, of any of the documents 13 || produced in Spanish to Plaintiff in June 2019 no later than November 6, 2019. 14 2. OGI is to serve supplemental responses to RFP Nos. 4, 13, 21, 39, 45, 86, 87, 88, 15 |/90, 91, 92, 95, 97, 98, and 100, as required by the Court’s February 6, 2019 order no 16 || later than November 6, 2019. Such responses must indicate the Bates numbers of the 17 || pages responsive to each request, and if requested documents do not exist, explain 18 Such representations should be made under oath by a person with knowledge. 19 IT IS SO ORDERED. 20 || Dated: November 1, 2019 _ = _ 2 FF 3 Honorable Michael S. Berg United States Magistrate Judge 23 24 25 26 27 28