Winborne, J.
It is well settled in this State that:
"Mandamus
lies only to compel a party to do that which it is his duty to do without it. It confers no new authority. The party seeking the writ must have a clear legal right to demand it, and the party to be coerced must be under a legal obligation to perform the act sought to be enforced.”
Person v. Doughton,
186 N. C., 723, 120 S. E., 481;
Martin v. Clark,
135 N. C., 178, 47 S. E., 397;
Wilkinson v. Board of Education,
199 N. C., 669, 153 S. E., 163;
Powers v. Asheville,
203 N. C., 2, 164 S. E., 324;
Rollins v. Rogers,
204 N. C., 308, 168 S. E., 206;
John v. Allen,
207 N. C., 520, 177 S. E., 634;
School District v. Alamance County,
211 N. C., 213, 189 S. E., 873;
Reed v. Farmer,
211 N. C., 249, 189 S. E., 882;
Mears v. Board of Education,
214 N. C., 89, 197 S. E., 752.
Admitting the facts alleged in the present action, which we must do in testing the sufficiency of the complaint challenged by demurrer,
Ins. Co. v. McCraw,
215 N. C., 105, 1 S. E. (2d), 369, and numerous other cases, (1) Are the defendants as county commissioners of Johnston County under a legal duty to perform the act sought to be enforced? (2) If so, does the plaintiff have a clear right to demand it? Both questions must be answered in the affirmative.
1. The statute, C. S., 1681, relating to disposition of moneys collected as license taxes on dogs, provides that: “The money arising under the provisions of this article shall be applied to the school funds of the county in which said tax is collected: Provided, it shall be the duty of the county commissioners, upon complaint made to them of injury, to person or injury to or destruction of property by any dog, upon satisfactory proof of such injury or destruction, to appoint three freeholders to ascertain the amount of damages done, including the necessary treatment, if any, and all reasonable expenses incurred, and upon the coming in of the report of such jury of the damages as aforesaid, the said county commissioners shall order the same paid out of any money arising out of the tax on dogs as provided for in this article . . .”
Speaking of the provisions of this statute, in the ease of
McAlister v. Yancey County,
212 N. C., 208, 193 S. E., 141, relating to sheep alleged to have been killed by a dog, this Court said: “If, as alleged in the complaint, the board of commissioners of Yancey County has arbitrarily refused to consider the claim of the plaintiff, and to hear proof of such claim, and determine whether or not such proof was satisfactory to said board, as it was its statutory duty to do, then and in that event the plaintiff can maintain an action against said board of commissioners for a writ of
mandamus
compelling the said board of commissioners to consider his claim, and determine whether or not his proof of said claim is satisfactory to the said board. See
Reed v. Farmer, supra; Barnes v. Comrs.,
135 N. C., 27, 47 S. E., 737.”
In like manner, if the plaintiff, as is alleged in the complaint in the present case, conceding for the moment that he has a clear right to so act, has made complaint to defendants as county commissioners of Johnston County and given to them “satisfactory proof” of the injury to William Joseph White, an infant, by a dog, the statute, C. S., 1681, makes it the duty of the said county commissioners “to appoint three freeholders to ascertain the amount of damages done, including the necessary treatment, if any, and all reasonable expenses incurred” by plaintiff as the result of such injury to and resulting in the death of his minor child, and upon their refusal to perform that duty, plaintiff can maintain an action against them for a writ of
mandamus.
2. The authorities generally concur in support of the proposition that an individual may have a particular interest of his own in the performance of a statutory duty imposed on an officer or board, and that in such case he is the possessor of a separate and peculiar right which enables him to say that he is the party beneficially interested, and so entitles him to the writ of
mandamus.
18 R. C. L., 327. Has the plaintiff in the case at bar such right?
From the allegation of expenses incurred by plaintiff “including the necessary treatment,” admitted for the purpose of testing the sufficiency of the pleading, it is necessarily deducible as an inference of fact that some time elapsed between the injury to and death of plaintiff’s child. Upon this allegation of fact, pertinent principles of law follow: It is elementary that a parent, primarily the father, as between the father and mother, nothing else appearing, is entitled to the services and earnings of his child during minority. See
Killian v. R. R.,
128 N. C., 261, 38 S. E., 873;
Floyd v. R. R.,
167 N. C., 55, 83 S. E., 12;
Daniel v. R. R.,
171 N. C., 23, 86 S. E., 174.
On the other hand, the father is under the duty to support his child during minority, if he is able to do so.
Haglar v. McCombs,
66 N. C., 346;
Williams v. R. R.,
121 N. C., 512, 28 S. E., 367. See, also,
Floyd
v. R. R., supra.
Also, if tbe cbild should die during minority, it is tbe duty of tbe father to pay tbe funeral expenses. 46 C. J., 1278;
Hunycutt v. Thompson,
159 N. C., 29, 74 S. E., 628.
If a minor cbild is injured by tbe wrongful act or omission of another, a cause of action arises under tbe common law on behalf of tbe cbild to recover damages for pain and suffering, permanent injury, and impairment of earning capacity after attaining majority. At tbe same time, tbe father ordinarily has a right of action for tbe loss of services of tbe cbild during minority and for other pecuniary damages sustained by him in consequence of such injury, including expenses of treatment. 46 C. J., 1294. See, also,
Killian v. R. R., supra; Rice v. R. R.,
167 N. C., 1, 82 S. E., 1034;
Croom v. Murphy,
179 N. C., 393, 102 S. E., 706;
Little v. Holmes,
181 N. C., 413, 107 S. E., 577;
White v. Charlotte,
212 N. C., 539, 193 S. E., 738.
Tbe father’s right of action in accordance with tbe generally accepted view is based not only upon tbe right to services of tbe cbild but also upon bis duty to care for and maintain tbe cbild. 46 C. J., 1297.
However, if tbe cbild dies as a result of such wrongful act or omission of another, tbe right of action inuring to tbe benefit of tbe cbild as result of tbe injury abates, as does the right of action of tbe father for prospective earnings of tbe cbild during minority. Tbe only action that lies thereafter in such case in this State for wrongful death is that authorized by C. S., 160, in favor of tbe administrator or executor.
Russell v. Steamboat Co.,
126 N. C., 961, 36 S. E., 191;
Killian v. R. R., supra; Davis v. R. R.,
136 N. C., 115, 48 S. E., 591;
Bolick v. R. R.,
138 N. C., 370, 50 S. E., 689;
Hood v. Tel. Co.,
162 N. C., 70, 77 S. E., 1096;
Hood v. Tel. Co.,
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Winborne, J.
It is well settled in this State that:
"Mandamus
lies only to compel a party to do that which it is his duty to do without it. It confers no new authority. The party seeking the writ must have a clear legal right to demand it, and the party to be coerced must be under a legal obligation to perform the act sought to be enforced.”
Person v. Doughton,
186 N. C., 723, 120 S. E., 481;
Martin v. Clark,
135 N. C., 178, 47 S. E., 397;
Wilkinson v. Board of Education,
199 N. C., 669, 153 S. E., 163;
Powers v. Asheville,
203 N. C., 2, 164 S. E., 324;
Rollins v. Rogers,
204 N. C., 308, 168 S. E., 206;
John v. Allen,
207 N. C., 520, 177 S. E., 634;
School District v. Alamance County,
211 N. C., 213, 189 S. E., 873;
Reed v. Farmer,
211 N. C., 249, 189 S. E., 882;
Mears v. Board of Education,
214 N. C., 89, 197 S. E., 752.
Admitting the facts alleged in the present action, which we must do in testing the sufficiency of the complaint challenged by demurrer,
Ins. Co. v. McCraw,
215 N. C., 105, 1 S. E. (2d), 369, and numerous other cases, (1) Are the defendants as county commissioners of Johnston County under a legal duty to perform the act sought to be enforced? (2) If so, does the plaintiff have a clear right to demand it? Both questions must be answered in the affirmative.
1. The statute, C. S., 1681, relating to disposition of moneys collected as license taxes on dogs, provides that: “The money arising under the provisions of this article shall be applied to the school funds of the county in which said tax is collected: Provided, it shall be the duty of the county commissioners, upon complaint made to them of injury, to person or injury to or destruction of property by any dog, upon satisfactory proof of such injury or destruction, to appoint three freeholders to ascertain the amount of damages done, including the necessary treatment, if any, and all reasonable expenses incurred, and upon the coming in of the report of such jury of the damages as aforesaid, the said county commissioners shall order the same paid out of any money arising out of the tax on dogs as provided for in this article . . .”
Speaking of the provisions of this statute, in the ease of
McAlister v. Yancey County,
212 N. C., 208, 193 S. E., 141, relating to sheep alleged to have been killed by a dog, this Court said: “If, as alleged in the complaint, the board of commissioners of Yancey County has arbitrarily refused to consider the claim of the plaintiff, and to hear proof of such claim, and determine whether or not such proof was satisfactory to said board, as it was its statutory duty to do, then and in that event the plaintiff can maintain an action against said board of commissioners for a writ of
mandamus
compelling the said board of commissioners to consider his claim, and determine whether or not his proof of said claim is satisfactory to the said board. See
Reed v. Farmer, supra; Barnes v. Comrs.,
135 N. C., 27, 47 S. E., 737.”
In like manner, if the plaintiff, as is alleged in the complaint in the present case, conceding for the moment that he has a clear right to so act, has made complaint to defendants as county commissioners of Johnston County and given to them “satisfactory proof” of the injury to William Joseph White, an infant, by a dog, the statute, C. S., 1681, makes it the duty of the said county commissioners “to appoint three freeholders to ascertain the amount of damages done, including the necessary treatment, if any, and all reasonable expenses incurred” by plaintiff as the result of such injury to and resulting in the death of his minor child, and upon their refusal to perform that duty, plaintiff can maintain an action against them for a writ of
mandamus.
2. The authorities generally concur in support of the proposition that an individual may have a particular interest of his own in the performance of a statutory duty imposed on an officer or board, and that in such case he is the possessor of a separate and peculiar right which enables him to say that he is the party beneficially interested, and so entitles him to the writ of
mandamus.
18 R. C. L., 327. Has the plaintiff in the case at bar such right?
From the allegation of expenses incurred by plaintiff “including the necessary treatment,” admitted for the purpose of testing the sufficiency of the pleading, it is necessarily deducible as an inference of fact that some time elapsed between the injury to and death of plaintiff’s child. Upon this allegation of fact, pertinent principles of law follow: It is elementary that a parent, primarily the father, as between the father and mother, nothing else appearing, is entitled to the services and earnings of his child during minority. See
Killian v. R. R.,
128 N. C., 261, 38 S. E., 873;
Floyd v. R. R.,
167 N. C., 55, 83 S. E., 12;
Daniel v. R. R.,
171 N. C., 23, 86 S. E., 174.
On the other hand, the father is under the duty to support his child during minority, if he is able to do so.
Haglar v. McCombs,
66 N. C., 346;
Williams v. R. R.,
121 N. C., 512, 28 S. E., 367. See, also,
Floyd
v. R. R., supra.
Also, if tbe cbild should die during minority, it is tbe duty of tbe father to pay tbe funeral expenses. 46 C. J., 1278;
Hunycutt v. Thompson,
159 N. C., 29, 74 S. E., 628.
If a minor cbild is injured by tbe wrongful act or omission of another, a cause of action arises under tbe common law on behalf of tbe cbild to recover damages for pain and suffering, permanent injury, and impairment of earning capacity after attaining majority. At tbe same time, tbe father ordinarily has a right of action for tbe loss of services of tbe cbild during minority and for other pecuniary damages sustained by him in consequence of such injury, including expenses of treatment. 46 C. J., 1294. See, also,
Killian v. R. R., supra; Rice v. R. R.,
167 N. C., 1, 82 S. E., 1034;
Croom v. Murphy,
179 N. C., 393, 102 S. E., 706;
Little v. Holmes,
181 N. C., 413, 107 S. E., 577;
White v. Charlotte,
212 N. C., 539, 193 S. E., 738.
Tbe father’s right of action in accordance with tbe generally accepted view is based not only upon tbe right to services of tbe cbild but also upon bis duty to care for and maintain tbe cbild. 46 C. J., 1297.
However, if tbe cbild dies as a result of such wrongful act or omission of another, tbe right of action inuring to tbe benefit of tbe cbild as result of tbe injury abates, as does the right of action of tbe father for prospective earnings of tbe cbild during minority. Tbe only action that lies thereafter in such case in this State for wrongful death is that authorized by C. S., 160, in favor of tbe administrator or executor.
Russell v. Steamboat Co.,
126 N. C., 961, 36 S. E., 191;
Killian v. R. R., supra; Davis v. R. R.,
136 N. C., 115, 48 S. E., 591;
Bolick v. R. R.,
138 N. C., 370, 50 S. E., 689;
Hood v. Tel. Co.,
162 N. C., 70, 77 S. E., 1096;
Hood v. Tel. Co.,
162 N. C., 92, 77 S. E., 1094;
Hope v. Peterson,
172 N. C., 869, 90 S. E., 141;
Hanes v. Utilities Co.,
191 N. C., 13, 131 S. E., 402;
Brotan v. R. R.,
202 N. C., 256, 162 S. E., 613.
However, if death does not result instantaneously, tbe father may maintain an action to recover damages for tbe loss of services at least, of bis minor cbild intermediate tbe injury and tbe death.
Croom v. Murphy, supra.
See discussion in
Hinnant v. Power Co.,
189 N. C., 120, 126 S. E., 307. But this principle does not apply when death follows instantaneous tbe injury to tbe cbild.
Craig v. Lumber Co.,
189 N. C., 137, 126 S. E., 312.
Applying these principles to tbe statute under consideration, C. S., 1681, in so far as applicable to a case of “injury to person”' of a minor child, by a dog, resulting in tbe death of tbe cbild, these rights, limitations and remedies are given, limited and provided: While tbe right of action for tbe “amount of damage done” by “injury to person” is personal to and abates upon tbe death of tbe cbild, tbe father, under tbe •clause “tbe amount of damage done, including tbe necessary treatment,
if any,” administered in fulfillment of Ms parental duty, would be entitled to receive such amount of pecuniary loss sustained by him in consequence of the injury to the child during the period between the time of the injury and the death of the child, as is ascertained by the jury of three. Hence, the father has such personal and peculiar interest in the benefits provided by the statute as gives to him clear right to have the jury of three appointed for the purpose of ascertaining the amount due to him in accordance with the provisions of the statute. If there be claim for expenses subsequent to death of the child, it may only be asserted by the personal representative.
"Whether plaintiff can make good his allegations is not before us, and with respect thereto we express no opinion. However, on facts alleged he is entitled to his day in court.
Reversed.