Warr v. United States

46 Fed. Cl. 343, 2000 U.S. Claims LEXIS 55, 2000 WL 340909
CourtUnited States Court of Federal Claims
DecidedMarch 31, 2000
DocketNo. 99-288 C
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 46 Fed. Cl. 343 (Warr v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Federal Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Warr v. United States, 46 Fed. Cl. 343, 2000 U.S. Claims LEXIS 55, 2000 WL 340909 (uscfc 2000).

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER

HEWITT, Judge.

This is a suit by the tenant of Native American allottees against the government for monetary damages arising out of crop losses on the rented land due to inadequate water supplies from the Wapato Irrigation Project. The action is before this court on Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss, or in the Alternative, Motion for Summary for Judgment (Def.’s Mot.). With regard to the jurisdictional challenge, the primary issue is whether or not a contract existed between plaintiff tenant and the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Plaintiff first filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington (District Court of Washington). Upon determining that the suit was more like a contract dispute than a tort and the amount in controversy exceeded $10,000, the District Court of Washington dismissed the action for want of jurisdiction. Plaintiff then filed suit in this court.

Defendant asserts that this court lacks jurisdiction over plaintiffs claim because plaintiff cannot establish privity of contract with the United States. More specifically, defendant asserts that plaintiffs lease was with • Native American allottees, the heirs of Ida Seolowle of the Yakima Indian Nation, not the United States. Defendant further asserts that even if privity of contract were assumed, plaintiffs failure to pay annual irrigation assessments relieved the government from any obligation to deliver water to plaintiff.

For the following reasons, the court determines that it cannot exercise jurisdiction over plaintiffs action. The court believes, however, that the possibility exists that the District Court of Washington may have the authority to exercise jurisdiction over plaintiffs case pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act. Therefore, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1631 (1994), the court transfers the matter to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington. See infra section II.C.

I. Background

A. Statement of the Case

Unless otherwise noted, the following facts are taken from plaintiffs complaint.1

The Wapato Irrigation Project (the WIP) is charged with the delivery of water to designated lands on the Yakima Indian Reservation. The Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, administers the WIP. Employees of the WIP authorize delivery of water in accordance with federal regulations. Ditch riders employed by the WIP monitor the delivery of water.

On April 2, 1992, plaintiff entered into a five-year lease, for agricultural purposes, of allotted land on the Yakima Indian Reservation. As required by regulation, the lease was signed by the WIP Superintendent, acting as the authorized representative of the Secretary of the Interior, on May 26, 1992. Defendant’s Appendix (Def.’s App.) at 6. See 25 C.F.R. § 162.5(a) (1999). Under the WIP, irrigable land is designated as either A or B land. Water allotted to A land may not be prorated. Water allotted to B land may be prorated. Plaintiff leased 37.5 acres each of A and B land.

Paragraph three of plaintiffs lease provided for the payment of all operation and main[345]*345tenance assessments (0 & M assessments or irrigation assessments), as well as any penalties and other charges, by the lessee prior to the start of each irrigation season. Def.’s App. at 2.

. Upon entering the lease, plaintiff undertook cultivation of forty acres of the leased land in anticipation of planting forty acres of pinto beans. Plaintiff states that he did this because he was assured by the WIP Superintendent that he would receive adequate water during the irrigation season to support forty acres. Plaintiff paid his irrigation assessment on May 14, 1992. In June 1992, plaintiff was advised by the WIP ditch rider that the WIP would deliver only enough water to irrigate twenty-two acres. In response, plaintiff planted twenty-two acres of pinto beans in late June and early July on his A (non-prorateable) land. Water delivery during the 1992 irrigation season was inadequate to maintain the soil moisture necessary to produce a successful crop. Plaintiff experienced crop destruction and low crop yields.

Prior to the start of the 1993 irrigation season, plaintiff conferred with the WIP Superintendent and was assured that he would receive enough irrigation water to farm his entire leased land. Plaintiff subsequently planted twenty-four acres of beans, twelve acres of wheat, and six acres of alfalfa. Water delivery was again insufficient to support plaintiffs crops. Plaintiff states that due to the WIP ditch rider’s failure to police the lateral,2 upstream water users received excess water to the detriment of plaintiff. Plaintiff experienced crop destruction and low yields.

Plaintiff did not pay his 0 & M assessment for the 1993 irrigation season until June 7, 1994. At that time, plaintiff also signed a promissory note to satisfy his 0 & M obligations for the 1994 irrigation season. Plaintiff’s promissory note was due in full on October 31, 1994. Def.’s App. at 37. When he failed to pay on this note, plaintiff was directed to renegotiate the 1994 promissory note by the Project Administrator, Ernest Clark. Id. at 40-41. Plaintiff renegotiated his 1994 promissory note on September 11, 1995. Id. at 48. By letter dated March 19, 1996, plaintiff was notified by Ernest Clark that he was in default on his renegotiated promissory note for the 1994 O & M assessment, which had been due in full on November 1,1995. Id. at 50.

Prior to the delivery of water for the 1994 growing season, plaintiff received assurances from the WIP Superintendent that plaintiff would receive enough irrigation water to farm his entire leased land. Plaintiff planted thirty acres of com, seventeen acres of wheat, and six acres of alfalfa. Defendant attempted to deliver an adequate water supply to plaintiff through the use of WIP canals, laterals, and control devices. However, defendant failed to maintain and monitor the water delivery system. Water deliveries during the 1994 season were again untimely and inadequate. Plaintiff attributes his water shortage to the receipt of excess water by upstream users on the lateral. Plaintiff was unable to maintain soil moisture and thereby experienced crop destruction and low yields.

In May 1995, plaintiff met with WIP personnel and was advised that he would receive his share of irrigation water. Plaintiff paid his O & M assessment for the 1995 irrigation season on June 6, 1995. Prior to the payment of his irrigation assessment, plaintiff planted seventeen acres of winter wheat and six acres of alfalfa. After the assessment was paid, plaintiff planted thirty-six acres of corn. Upstream users interfered with the flow of water in the lateral, thereby reducing the water received by downstream users, including plaintiff. Water deliveries to plaintiff for the 1995 irrigation season were inadequate to maintain proper soil moisture and plaintiff experienced crop destruction and low yields.

Plaintiff received notice from the WIP Superintendent on June 27,1995, that his lease was being canceled for nonpayment of rent. See Def.’s App. at 51-52. This cancellation decision was upheld by the Portland Area Director on October 24, 1995. Id.

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Bluebook (online)
46 Fed. Cl. 343, 2000 U.S. Claims LEXIS 55, 2000 WL 340909, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/warr-v-united-states-uscfc-2000.