Walsh v. Campbell

202 S.E.2d 657, 130 Ga. App. 194, 1973 Ga. App. LEXIS 1276
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedOctober 12, 1973
Docket48154, 48155
StatusPublished
Cited by48 cases

This text of 202 S.E.2d 657 (Walsh v. Campbell) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Walsh v. Campbell, 202 S.E.2d 657, 130 Ga. App. 194, 1973 Ga. App. LEXIS 1276 (Ga. Ct. App. 1973).

Opinions

Hall, Presiding Judge.

These two appeals are brought by Mr. and Mrs. Walsh, plaintiffs below, whom we will hereafter refer to as "appellants,” from the award of summary judgment to defendant State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company. They present primarily the question whether on these facts a release executed shortly after an auto collision will bar appellants’ subsequent tort actions. We hold that it does, and affirm.

The record shows that on Saturday, October 17, 1970, the auto driven by one Danny Joe Campbell struck the rear of that owned and occupied by appellants. Mrs. Walsh experienced pain in her neck in the moments after the collision. On October 18, appellants learned that Campbell had no insurance, and on the 19th they notified State Farm, which was their own uninsured motorist [195]*195insurance carrier. Also on the 19th Mrs. Walsh was treated by a doctor whom she had previously consulted by telephone, and who on the 19th prescribed a cervical collar and medication for pain and nerves. On October 20, Mr. Neff, the State Farm adjuster, telephoned Mrs. Walsh about the collision, and, in the words of the Walshes on this appeal, "At that time Mrs. Walsh was not aware of the severe personal injuries from the collision that were to subsequently manifest themselves, so she only informed Mr. Neff of the damage to the automobile and the time that her husband had lost from his employment. At that time Mr. Neff stated to Mrs. Walsh that State Farm would pay them $107.95 for damages to their automobile and for her husband’s initial loss of time from his employment, but that was the maximum amount that the uninsured motorist provision of the State Farm policy could pay. Mr. Neff told Mrs. Walsh and her husband that they would have to sign a paper to authorize State Farm to recover the $107.95 from Danny Joe Campbell and that he was mailing this form to Mr. and Mrs. Walsh. That Mr. and Mrs. Walsh signed this form and the adjuster, Mr. Neff, came to their home and left a check for $107.95 in return for the signed form.” (Citations to record omitted.)

Appellants allege that they did not read the pertinent provision of the policy, which was at all relevant times in their possession, nor did they read the release before executing it at their home before the adjuster arrived to pick it up. Both appellants are now and were at all pertinent times able to read and write.

Subsequent to these events, Mrs. Walsh continued to have difficulties with her neck, requiring costly treatment and finally surgery. Eventually an attorney was consulted, the release was attempted to be repudiated, and the settlement amount plus interest was tendered back to State Farm which declined to accept it.

The Walshes then brought these companion suits against Campbell. Mrs. Walsh claimed damages for personal injury, and Mr. Walsh sought to recover for medical expenses and loss of consortium. State Farm was served by duplicate original, and answered the suit through its counsel, as did defendant Campbell. State Farm pleaded the release in bar of the suits.

In the trial court, State Farm was granted summary judgment on the basis of the release, and this appeal followed.

Appellants’ contentions on appeal are presented in loose formulation but we understand them to argue that the court below erred in giving effect to the release because in obtaining it State [196]*196Farm misrepresented the coverage of the uninsured motorist provision of appellants’ policy, and in failing to read it for themselves appellants were justified by a confidential or fiduciary relationship which they enjoyed with State Farm by virtue of having done business for some years with that company and by virtue of State Farm’s reassuring advertising implying that it would take care of its insureds. They urge that the signing of the release was prompted by the adjuster’s misrepresentation that it was merely a formality allowing State Farm to recover over against Campbell, and by their own unilateral mistake of a material fact concerning the extent of Mrs. Walsh’s injuries. They additionally argue that Mrs. Walsh should not be barred by the release because in payment for her execution of it she received no recompense for personal injuries.

State Farm poses a jurisdictional question; we will consider this question first.

State Farm argues that because plaintiffs seek to evade the operation of the release, their suits necessarily ask equitable relief and therefore fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Georgia Supreme Court. We disagree, finding that these are not equity cases though consideration of equitable principles is involved. We assert jurisdiction of the appeals.

Though equity has concurrent jurisdiction with law in all cases of fraud except those in wills, Code § 37-701, unless some substantial equitable relief is sought, equity is reluctant to assume jurisdiction. Generally a suit for affirmative equitable relief requires for its maintenance actual fraud, 12 Encyclopedia of Georgia Law, Fraud and Deceit, § 10 (1967), and here, we have allegations not of actual fraud but of constructive fraud, see Code §§ 37-702 and 37-703. Though plaintiffs do ask the court in effect to nullify the release, the means of doing so would merely be by refusing to enforce it, and an instrument may be voided by an action at law. For example, in a contract damage suit when defendant showed impossibility of performance and requested application of the doctrine of equitable rescission, the Georgia Supreme Court ruled that no affirmative equitable relief was requested because defendants sought only to be dismissed with costs. Ruling that it was without jurisdiction, the Supreme Court transferred the appeal to this court. Regents of the Univ. System of Ga. v. Carroll, 203 Ga. 292 (46 SE2d 496); cf. Douglas v. Currie Ford Co., 103 Ga. App. 75 (2) (118 SE2d 586); Nichols v. Williams Pontiac, Inc., 95 Ga. App. 752 (98 SE2d 659).

[197]*197A procedural setting much like the present one appears in Turner v. Kraft, 95 Ga. App. 543 (98 SE2d 204). Plaintiff sued for auto collision damages; defendant pleaded a release as an accord and satisfaction; plaintiff responded that the release was the product of a mutual mistake of fact and ought not to be enforced. This court held on appeal that the court below, even though without equity jurisdiction, had "authority to entertain equitable defenses,” id. at 551, thus treating a response by plaintiff to defendants’ plea in bar as raising an equitable "defense” only and not constituting a case for the equity courts. Our jurisdiction is commonly exercised on such appeals. See, e. g., Heard v. Johnson, 126 Ga. App. 222 (190 SE2d 455); Jordan v. Belvin, 57 Ga. App. 719 (196 SE 132).

On the merits of the release issue, plaintiffs assert that two items were misrepresented to them: the coverage of their policy and the contents of the release — neither of which they read for themselves. Under Georgia law, absent special circumstances plaintiffs may attack a contract in a court of law on grounds of fraud only where they have exercised due diligence in protecting themselves, instead of merely relying blindly upon representations of another later claimed to have been false. American Food Services, Inc. v. Goldsmith, 121 Ga. App. 686 (175 SE2d 57). See Lawton v. Byck, 217 Ga. 676 (124 SE2d 369); Browning v. Richardson, 181 Ga. 413 (182 SE 516); Lariscy v. Hill, 117 Ga. App. 152 (159 SE2d 443); Mangham v. Hotel & Restaurant Supply Co.,

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Bluebook (online)
202 S.E.2d 657, 130 Ga. App. 194, 1973 Ga. App. LEXIS 1276, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/walsh-v-campbell-gactapp-1973.