Walker v. Estate of Mays

619 S.E.2d 679, 279 Ga. 652, 2005 Fulton County D. Rep. 2824, 2005 Ga. LEXIS 519
CourtSupreme Court of Georgia
DecidedSeptember 19, 2005
DocketS05A1383.; S05G0988.
StatusPublished
Cited by53 cases

This text of 619 S.E.2d 679 (Walker v. Estate of Mays) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Walker v. Estate of Mays, 619 S.E.2d 679, 279 Ga. 652, 2005 Fulton County D. Rep. 2824, 2005 Ga. LEXIS 519 (Ga. 2005).

Opinion

CARLEY, Justice.

When Judith Walker and Dr. Aldine Mays were divorced in 1975, the final decree approved and incorporated a settlement agreement which provided that he would maintain a life insurance policy naming her and the children of the marriage as the beneficiaries. The duration of his obligation to do so was "for as long as [the] Agreement is in force." When Dr. Mays died in 2002, there was no life insurance policy in effect that named his ex-wife or their children as beneficiaries.

Ms. Walker and the children (Appellants) brought a breach of contract action against his estate and executrix (Appellees), seeking damages for the failure to maintain the policy. After discovery, the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Appellees, concluding that Dr. Mays' obligation to insure his life was an award in the nature of periodic alimony and, as such, terminated upon Ms. Walker's remarriage and the children reaching the age of majority.

Appellants filed an application for discretionary appeal and a notice of direct appeal, both of which were directed to the Court of Appeals. The application was transferred to this Court, but was ordered returned because the underlying action was for damages and did not directly involve any issue of alimony. The Court of Appeals then denied the application. Thereafter, Appellees moved to dismiss the pending direct appeal. By order, the Court of Appeals granted the motion, concluding that its previous denial of the application was res judicata and precluded Appellants from further attempts to appeal the trial court's grant of summary judgment to Appellees.

Appellants applied for certiorari as to both the denial of their application and the dismissal of their direct appeal. We granted the **653 petition in each case, and posed the following question to be addressed on appeal: "Whether the order appealed from was subject to the discretionary appeal requirements, and if not, did Appellants lose their right of direct appeal by the denial of their application."

1. Although Appellants denominated their claim as a breach of contract action, the settlement agreement was incorporated into the final divorce decree. "[T]he rights of the parties after a divorce is granted are based not on the settlement agreement, but on the judgment itself. [Cit.]" White v. White, 274 Ga. 884 , 885(2), 561 S.E.2d 801 (2002). Thus, whatever claim Appellants have is founded on the final decree, and not on the underlying agreement. Compare Eickhoff v. Eickhoff, 263 Ga. 498 , 499(1), 435 S.E.2d 914 (1993) (suit on unincorporated settlement agreement "is simply a contract action in which the parties thereto happen to be former spouses"), overruled on other grounds, Lee v. Green Land Co., 272 Ga. 107 , 108, 527 S.E.2d 204 (2000).

OCGA § 5-6-35(a)(2) provides, without exception, that appeals in "domestic relations cases" must be brought by application for discretionary appeal.

Where both the direct and discretionary appeal statutes are implicated, it is always the underlying subject matter that will control whether the appeal must be brought pursuant to OCGA § 5-6-34 or § 5-6-35. . . . Were our precedent to hold otherwise, litigants could avoid OCGA § 5-6-35's discretionary application requirements by seeking relief in the trial court that triggers the right to direct appeal, regardless of the underlying subject matter at issue. Our precedent has repeatedly emphasized that this is not permitted, as litigants cannot under any circumstances *681 dictate the procedural or jurisdictional rules of this Court. [Cits.]

Ferguson v. Composite State Bd. of Med. Examiners, 275 Ga. 255 , 257(1), 564 S.E.2d 715 (2002).

The obligations and rights created by an incorporated settlement agreement "can be affected only by means of an action addressing the underlying divorce decree itself." Mehdikarimi v. Emaddazfuli, 268 Ga. 428 , 429(2), 490 S.E.2d 368 (1997). Accordingly, where, as here, the underlying subject matter of a lawsuit relates to such rights and obligations, and the parties are the ex-spouses, their children or their legal representatives, the case involves domestic relations and compliance with OCGA § 5-6-35 is the exclusive means by which to appeal the final order in the action. Compare Bryant v. Employees Retirement System of Ga., 264 Ga. 125 , 126(1), 441 S.E.2d 757 (1994) (no **654 application required in case involving suit by ex-spouse to enforce provision of divorce judgment "against a defendant who was not a party to the divorce").

2. Appellants cite Crotty v. Crotty, 219 Ga.App. 408

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Bluebook (online)
619 S.E.2d 679, 279 Ga. 652, 2005 Fulton County D. Rep. 2824, 2005 Ga. LEXIS 519, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/walker-v-estate-of-mays-ga-2005.