Walborn v. Walborn

817 P.2d 160, 120 Idaho 494, 1991 Ida. LEXIS 137
CourtIdaho Supreme Court
DecidedAugust 20, 1991
Docket18743
StatusPublished
Cited by16 cases

This text of 817 P.2d 160 (Walborn v. Walborn) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Idaho Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Walborn v. Walborn, 817 P.2d 160, 120 Idaho 494, 1991 Ida. LEXIS 137 (Idaho 1991).

Opinion

BAKES, Chief Justice.

Chester and Mary Walborn were married on April 2, 1971 and had one son, Jack, born in June, 1972. They separated in 1978 and ultimately divorced in May, 1980. Chester retired from the military shortly thereafter, in August, 1980. In the original May, 1980, divorce decree, Mary was awarded a portion of Chester’s military retirement benefits. Chester received custody of their child, Jack, but Mary was not required to pay child support to Chester, as she was unemployed at the time and had no earned income to provide support, although she did receive substantial assets in the divorce.

Chester appealed the trial court’s decision. On appeal, the district court initially ruled that the magistrate was correct in awarding Mary a portion of Chester’s military retirement benefits. However, prior to the time the appeal before the district court became final, the United States Supreme Court decided McCarty v. McCarty, 453 U.S. 210, 101 S.Ct. 2728, 69 L.Ed.2d 589 (1981), which held that military retirement benefits were not subject to division under state community property laws. In light of McCarty, Chester requested the district court to reconsider its ruling. The district court amended its ruling and denied Mary any portion of Chester’s retirement pay, based on McCarty. The district court then remanded the case to the magistrate court. A second appeal was then taken to the district court which, on February 1, 1982, affirmed the final judgment which denied Mary Walborn any interest in Chester’s retirement pay.

Subsequently, in September of 1982, the United States Congress responded to McCarty by enacting the Uniform Services Former Spouses Protection Act (USFSPA), 10 U.S.C. § 1401 et seq., which allowed the individual states to determine whether military retirement benefits were community or separate property. In 1987, the Idaho Legislature adopted I.C. § 32-713A, 1 which provided a one-year period, from July 1, 1987 to June 30, 1988, during which a spouse could file a motion to modify an otherwise final judgment to obtain a share of a former spouse’s military retirement benefits which had been previously denied because of McCarty. In May, 1988, six years after the final judgment was rendered in this case, Mary filed a motion under I.C. § 32-713A for modification of the February 1, 1982, decree which had *497 denied her any of Chester’s military retirement benefits, and asked “for a division of military retirement on or after February 1, 1983.” When Mary filed her motion for retroactive modification of the divorce decree, Chester, who had not originally sought child support from Mary for their son Jack, brought a motion seeking an award of child support.

The magistrate court recognized that under I.C. § 32-713A, it had authority to reopen the prior decree and award a portion of Chester’s retirement pay to Mary. Accordingly, he reopened the decree and made an award of a future portion of Chester’s retirement benefits to Mary. However, the magistrate refused to make a retroactive award of a portion of Chester’s military retirement pay, finding that Mary had taken no action for six years to assert that claim all the while Chester was providing the support for their minor child. The magistrate found that Chester had relied to his detriment on Mary’s failure to assert any claim to his retirement benefits and, as a result, had not earlier asked the court for an award of child support, and therefore the defense of laches applied against Mary’s claim. The magistrate further found that Mary had failed to contribute to the support of their minor child even though she had a legal obligation and adequate income and assets to do so. The court ruled that its refusal to make the award of retirement benefits retroactive was a “fair trade off” between her loss of a portion of the military retirement pay and her responsibility to pay child support. The magistrate court then concluded that, “The equities herein do not call for an award to defendant [Mary] of those military retirement benefits,” and the court refused to award Mary any benefits back to February of 1983.

As to the award of a portion of the military retirement benefits for the future period beyond 1989, the trial court further concluded that Mary had an obligation to support their minor child, even to age twenty-one, if the child was continuing his formal education, and fixed the amount of child support at $234.31 per month, the exact amount which the court computed would be Mary’s share of Chester’s monthly disposable military retirement pay. 2 The magistrate court entered an order modifying the February 1, 1982, divorce decree, awarding Mary prospectively the $234.31 per month as her share of Chester's military retirement benefits and awarding Chester child support in the sum of $234.31 per month, commencing in May, 1989, and continuing “until said child reaches the age of majority; and if John M. Walborn continues his formal education after he reaches eighteen years of age, then such monthly support payments shall continue until he terminates his formal education or reaches twenty-one years of age, whichever occurs first.” The court based its authority to extend child support to age twenty-one upon the provisions of I.C. § 7-1121. Finally, the magistrate ruled “that so long as each party owes the other pursuant to the foregoing paragraphs the monthly payment shall be set off against each other.”

Mary Walborn appealed to the district court from the magistrate’s amended judgment. The district court affirmed the magistrate’s finding that it would be inequitable to modify the prior divorce decree retroactive to February 1, 1983, pointing out that the statute under which Mary was proceeding, I.C. § 32-713A, was not mandatory but discretionary, providing that “judgments, or decrees that become final on or after June 25, 1981, and before February 1, 1983, may be modified to include a division of military retirement benefits payable on or after February 1, 1983____” Recognizing that I.C. § 32-712 provides that the community property of a divorcing couple may be assigned by the trial court “in such proportion as the court, from all of the facts of the case and the condition of the parties deems just ...,” the district court also affirmed the trial court’s finding *498 that the amount of the child support to which Chester would have been entitled over the nine-year period, when compared to the amount of military retirement benefits to which Mary would have been entitled, was, as the trial court found, “a fair trade off.” From that record and findings, the district court concluded that, “The trial court’s determination that the equities of the situation precluded a retroactive award is within its discretion.” 3 The district court further upheld the magistrate’s decision to offset Mary’s prospective award of the $234.31 portion of Chester’s military retirement pay against the award of $234.31 in child support to Chester from Mary.

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Bluebook (online)
817 P.2d 160, 120 Idaho 494, 1991 Ida. LEXIS 137, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/walborn-v-walborn-idaho-1991.