Wagner v. Morris

658 S.W.2d 230, 1983 Tex. App. LEXIS 4920
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedSeptember 1, 1983
Docket01-82-0843-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by30 cases

This text of 658 S.W.2d 230 (Wagner v. Morris) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Wagner v. Morris, 658 S.W.2d 230, 1983 Tex. App. LEXIS 4920 (Tex. Ct. App. 1983).

Opinions

OPINION

COHEN, Justice.

Appellants brought suit against the ap-pellee, the estate of Paul McConnell, deceased, and Cottonwood Builders, Inc. claiming fraud and violation of the Deceptive Trade Practices Act, asserting that the defendants misrepresented the interest rate on the note the appellants assumed to purchase their home from the appellees as being only 9.875% when, in fact, the interest rate was 10.5%. At the conclusion of the plaintiffs’ ease, the district judge withdrew the case from the jury and granted a directed verdict in favor of two defendants, McConnell and Morris. A judgment in favor of the appellants was rendered against the remaining defendant, Cottonwood Builders, Inc., but Cottonwood has not appealed. The appellants prosecuted their appeal against both Morris and the McConnell estate, but have moved to dismiss the appeal as to the McConnell estate and proceed solely against Morris.

The appellants’ motion to dismiss the appeal as to the McConnell estate is granted.

The appellants bring five points of error, all complaining of the court’s refusal to admit evidence of alleged oral and written representations by the appellee that the interest rate was 9⅞%. The trial court ruled, apparently in reliance upon Town North Nat’l Bank v. Broaddus, 569 S.W.2d 489 (Tex.1978), that such evidence would violate the parol evidence rule.

The parol evidence rule excludes evidence of a prior or contemporaneous oral agreement between the parties to a written contract if such evidence changes or contradicts the terms of the written contract. McCormack v. Cockburn, 125 S.W.2d 695 [232]*232(Tex.Civ.App.—Beaumont 1939, writ dism’d jud. corr.).

The instant case, however, is not controlled by the parol evidence rule because the appellants are not seeking to change or contradict the terms of the note in question. It is significant that the promissory note involved is not owed to the appellee, but to an Austin savings and loan association which was never a party to this suit. The appellants are not trying to avoid their obligation to pay the promissory note by proving the existence of some oral agreement relieving them of that responsibility. On the contrary, the evidence at trial was that they had paid the note as due. Appellants in no way sought to change or avoid their obligation under the promissory note, but to recover damages for the fraud and deceptive trade practice allegedly committed against them by the appellee. A primary purpose of the parol evidence rule is to avoid uncertainty and confusion in the law of promissory notes, Town North Nat'l Bank v. Broaddus, supra at 492, and to assure that written obligations are not, as a result of asserted contradictory oral agreements, reduced to mere “scraps of paper.” Howeth v. Davenport, 311 S.W.2d 480, 482 (Tex.Civ.App.-San Antonio 1958, writ ref’d n.r.e.). These worthy goals are not impaired in the least by admitting evidence that the appellee orally misrepresented the interest rate. Rather, to apply the parol evidence rule in this case would unnecessarily impair the important State interest in deterring fraud and compensating its victims, which is the obvious purpose of the statutes upon which the appellants relied. Tex.Bus. & Com.Code Ann. § 17.44, 17.-46(b)(12) (Vernon 1982); § 27.01 (Vernon 1968).

Many Texas cases have held that evidence of oral representations is admissible to prove fraud or deceptive trade practices without offending the parol evidence rule. In Oakes v. Guerra, 603 S.W.2d 371, 374 (Tex.Civ.App.-Amarillo 1980, no writ) the court rejected an argument that parol evidence should be excluded because the contract contained both a merger and an entire agreement clause specifically providing that there were no other oral or written agreements. The Court stated:

This suit, in its present posture, is not based on the written contract between the parties or an alleged breach of the contract. It is based on a representation made by Mr. Oakes, prior to the execution of the contract, that Dr. Guerra contends was a Deceptive Trade Practice. Thus, the parol evidence rule is not applicable. American Transfer and Storage Company v. Brown, 584 S.W.2d 284, 290 (Tex.Civ.App.-Dallas), rev. on other grounds, 601 S.W.2d 931 (Tex.1980).

See also Santos v. Midcontinent Refrigerator Company, 471 S.W.2d 568, 569 (Tex.1971); Gonzales v. Global Truck and Equipment Inc., 625 S.W.2d 348, 351 (Tex.Civ.App.-Houston [1st District] 1981, no writ); United Postage Corp. v. Kammeyer, 581 S.W.2d 716, 721 (Tex.Civ.App.-Dallas 1979, no writ).

Nor is exclusion of the oral evidence of the appellee’s misrepresentation required by the decision in Town North Nat'l Bank v. Broaddus, supra. The holding in Broaddus is narrow and not applicable to this case. The Court stated it as follows:

The question thus presented is whether in a suit by one not a holder in due course against the maker of a promissory note, the parol evidence rule prohibits the admission of extrinsic evidence showing that the maker was induced to sign a note by the payee’s representations that the maker would not incur liability on the note.

In answering this narrow question, the Supreme Court held that before the debtor could give parol evidence that he was fraudulently induced to sign the note, “.... [T]here (must) be a showing of some type of trickery, artifice, or device employed by the payee in addition to the showing that the payee represented to the maker he would not be liable on such note.” 569 S.W.2d 194. Clearly, the question presented in the Broaddus case is not the question presented in this case.

[233]*233The appellants testified that they never saw a copy of the note they assumed and were never told that the true interest rate was 10.5%. It is of little importance that other contract documents referred to a note (without stating the interest rate), that the appellants were not prevented from inspecting the note (wherever it may have been) before closing the transaction, or that the appellee had no affirmative duty to make the note or true copy thereof available to them. The excluded evidence showed that the appellee told the appellants that the note’s interest rate was 97/⅛%, and the appellants were not required to assume that this was a lie or an error and seek out the original note to protect themselves. Moreover, even if the appellants were negligent in not seeking out and ascertaining the true interest rate, their negligence would still not invoke the parol evidence rule against them. As stated in Gonzales v. Global Truck and Equipment Inc., supra:

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Bluebook (online)
658 S.W.2d 230, 1983 Tex. App. LEXIS 4920, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/wagner-v-morris-texapp-1983.