Vasquez v. State

698 S.E.2d 561, 388 S.C. 447, 2010 S.C. LEXIS 286
CourtSupreme Court of South Carolina
DecidedAugust 9, 2010
Docket26852
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 698 S.E.2d 561 (Vasquez v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of South Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Vasquez v. State, 698 S.E.2d 561, 388 S.C. 447, 2010 S.C. LEXIS 286 (S.C. 2010).

Opinions

Justice BEATTY:

In this post-conviction relief (PCR) case, Angle Joe Perrie Vazquez (Petitioner) petitioned this Court for a writ of certiorari to review the PCR judge’s denial of his request for relief from his convictions and capital sentence. We granted the writ of certiorari to review whether trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to comments made by the solicitor in which he: (1) referred to Petitioner, a Muslim, as a “domestic terrorist” and drew a correlation between Petitioner’s indicted conduct and the events of September 11, 2001; and (2) urged jurors to imagine the fear and terror of one of the murder victims. We reverse and remand for a new sentencing hearing.

[451]*451I. FACTUAL/PROCEDURAL HISTORY

A.

The charges for which Petitioner was indicted arose out of the following facts established during the guilt phase of his trial. On March 26, 2002, Joey Williams, the manager of a Burger King in Myrtle Beach, fired Petitioner for using profanity in front of a patron toward fellow employee Reginald Atkins. Petitioner left the restaurant after being fired. Employee Robbie Robertson was called in to complete Petitioner’s shift. In addition, Kuma Walker was on duty at the restaurant.

Atkins and Robertson testified that Petitioner and his cousin, Michael Keith Howard, returned to the restaurant as they were preparing to close for the evening. Petitioner then pulled out a gun and ordered them to get into the restaurant’s freezer. Petitioner locked the two in the freezer. After about five minutes, Atkins and Robertson forced their way out of the freezer and fled through the back door.

Concerned about Williams and Walker, Atkins returned to the Burger King and discovered that they had been shot and killed. When investigating the scene, the police discovered that $787 had been stolen from the restaurant. The police also found nine-millimeter shell casings and live nine-millimeter ammunition. Ballistic analysis revealed that the bullets that killed Williams and Walker were fired from a nine-millimeter pistol that was linked to Petitioner.

At the conclusion of the trial, the jury convicted Petitioner of two counts of murder, four counts of kidnapping, one count of armed robbery, and one count of criminal conspiracy.

B.

In the penalty phase, the State sought to establish the following statutory aggravating factors before the jury: (1) the murder was committed while in the commission of a kidnapping; (2) the murder was committed while in the commission of a robbery while armed with a deadly weapon; and [452]*452(3) two or more persons were murdered by the Petitioner by one act or pursuant to one scheme or course of conduct.1

After outlining Petitioner’s prior record, the State presented the testimony of SLED Agent Stephen Derrick, an expert witness who reviewed the crime scene reconstruction material, crime scene photographs, and autopsy photographs. Based on this information, Agent Derrick opined that Kuma Walker was shot first and then Joey Williams. He further testified that the shots were not random given both victims were shot in the head.

In response, Petitioner’s trial counsel offered evidence as to the following mitigating circumstances: (1) Petitioner had no significant history of prior criminal convictions involving the use of violence against another person; and (2) Petitioner was an accomplice in the murder committed by another person and his participation was relatively minor.2

In addition to presenting evidence of Petitioner’s background, trial counsel called Rasheed Kaleem Solom Mohammed to provide testimony regarding Petitioner’s Muslim faith. Rasheed, an imam3 for all Muslims incarcerated in South Carolina, testified he met Petitioner, a Sunni Muslim, and ultimately “appointed him as imam” at the J. Reuben Long Correctional Facility where he teaches other Muslim inmates. In discussing his and Petitioner’s faith, Rasheed stated, “Ever since September the 11th we as Muslims have had it very, very, extremely hard.”

During their closing arguments, the solicitor and trial counsel elaborated on this witness’s testimony. The solicitor, who characterized Petitioner as a “domestic terrorist” during his opening guilt phase statements, drew a correlation between the events of September 11th and those for which Petitioner was charged. In response, trial counsel referenced the solicitor’s use of the term “domestic terrorism” and attempted to counter the implications of this term.

[453]*453Following the solicitor’s and his trial counsel’s closing arguments, Petitioner made a statement to the jury in which he reiterated the evidence of his troubled background. He then specifically denied his guilt and explained to the jury his Muslim faith and attempted to discount the State’s references to him as a terrorist and events of September 11th.

Ultimately, the jury found three aggravating factors and recommended the death penalty. The trial judge denied all of Petitioner’s post-trial motions and ordered that Petitioner be put to death as a result of the conviction. Petitioner appealed his convictions and sentences to this Court.

This Court vacated the two life sentences for kidnapping with regard to the murder victims, but affirmed Petitioner’s convictions and remaining sentences. State v. Vazquez, 364 S.C. 293, 613 S.E.2d 359 (2005), abrogated in part by State v. Evans, 371 S.C. 27, 637 S.E.2d 313 (2006) (recognizing error preservation requirements after State v. Torrence, 305 S.C. 45, 406 S.E.2d 315 (1991) for challenging mitigation jury charges during a capital sentencing proceeding).

C.

Subsequently, Petitioner filed a PCR application in which he raised thirty-six allegations of counsel’s ineffectiveness. In an amended application, Petitioner’s PCR counsel requested Petitioner be granted a new sentencing hearing on the grounds trial counsel was ineffective in two respects: (1) failing to object to the solicitor’s improper “Golden Rule” argument wherein he appealed to the jury’s bias by asking them to imagine themselves in the place of the victims; and (2) failing to object when the solicitor referred to the tragic events of September 11th during his closing in the penalty phase at trial, implying that Petitioner deserved the death penalty because he was a fanatic terrorist and a practicing Muslim who inspired fear across the country.

At the hearing, one of Petitioner’s trial attorneys admitted he should have objected to the solicitor’s “domestic terrorist” comment during his opening statement of the guilt phase. He believed his failure to object was “double prejudice” because Petitioner’s September trial occurred during the second anniversary of September 11th and Petitioner was a Muslim. He [454]*454further explained, “[A]t [this] time ... the whole country was sort of upset with Muslims;” “they didn’t have good Muslims and bad Muslims,” most people thought “all Muslims were bad” based on the events of September 11th. He testified the jurors knew Petitioner was a Muslim because he wore a traditional Muslim prayer cap throughout the trial. Although he could not definitively testify that the solicitor’s comments affected the jurors, he felt “the atmosphere at the time was charged with ... Muslim hatred.”

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Vasquez v. State
698 S.E.2d 561 (Supreme Court of South Carolina, 2010)

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Bluebook (online)
698 S.E.2d 561, 388 S.C. 447, 2010 S.C. LEXIS 286, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/vasquez-v-state-sc-2010.