IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
__________________________
No. 02-20683 Summary Calendar __________________________
REID H. VAN CLEAVE,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
AMERON INTERNATIONAL INC,
Defendant-Appellee.
___________________________________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court For the Southern District of Texas (No. H-01-CV-239) ___________________________________________________ December 4, 2002
Before HIGGINBOTHAM , SMITH, and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
A laid off employee brought claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 29
U.S.C. §§ 621-634 (1999) and the Texas Commission on Human Rights Act, TEXAS LABOR CODE
* Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
1 ANN. § 21.001-.556 (Vernon Supp. 2003). The district court granted the employer’s motion for
summary judgment, holding that the employee failed to provide evidence that his employer had a
vacant position at the time of his layoff for which he was qualified, one of the elements of a prima
facie case of age discrimination. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Reid H. Van Cleave (“Van Cleave”) worked for Ameron International Inc. (“Ameron”), or
companies it eventually acquired, as a chemical engineer for more than thirty years. With a variety
of talents, Van Cleave worked within several divisions of the company. His expertise was within the
fiberglass pipe industry. Mindful of Van Cleave’s abilities and a need to better market its fiberglass
pipe, Ameron gave Van Cleave duties marketing its product line. Van Cleave performed well and
was promoted repeatedly. At all times relevant to this suit, Van Cleave worked as market/product
manager of the fuel handling market.1
In the late 1980s, the EPA set deadlines for oil companies to convert fuel handling pipes from
steel to fiberglass. The deadline expired in 1998. After the resulting market downturn, Ameron
restructured its fiberglass pipe division, the division in which Van Cleave worked. Van Cleave’s
supervisor, Mark Nowak (“Nowak”), was responsible, in part, for crafting a restructuring proposal.
Van Cleave’s position of fuel handling product manager was to survive the restructuring. But
Nowak recommended terminating Van Cleave, and offering his position to another, allegedly because
of Van Cleave’s bad attitude and difficulties with following instructions.
When Ameron president and CEO James Marlen considered the restructuring proposal, he
1 The “fuel handling” system comprises the underground pipes that connect storage tanks to the pumps at service stations that dispense gasoline to motorists.
2 interceded, offered Van Cleave a second chance, and put Van Cleave on probation for six months.
By December 1999, the restructuring had been implemented: two district managers positions had
been created and filled; a chemical/industrial product manager was hired; and both the
offshore/marine product manager and the fuel handling product manager (Van Cleave) were retained.
In addition, the division included five regional managers.
The market continued to decline and, in April 2000, Ameron undertook a reduction in force
(“RIF”). All product manager positions were eliminated: the fuel handling product manager (Van
Cleave), age 57, was laid off; the offshore/marine product manager, age 49, resigned prior to the
layoff and was not replaced; and the chemical/industrial product manager (newly-hired during the
restructuring), age 35, was laid off. Two of the five regional managers, both age 48, experienced
adverse employment action: one was laid off, the other was transferred to a subsidiary. The
remaining group included two district managers (appointed during the restructuring), ages 47 and 48,
and three regional managers, ages 54, 63, and 64.
Van Cleave filed suit alleging Ameron terminated his employment in violation of the Age
Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”), 29 U.S.C. § 621, et seq. (1999), and the Texas
Commission on Human Rights Act (“TCHRA”), TEXAS LABOR CODE ANN. § 21.001, et seq. (Vernon
1996).
The district court granted Ameron’s motion for summary judgment, finding that (1) Van
Cleave failed to establish a prima facie case of age discrimination, inasmuch as he failed to adduce
credible evidence demonstrating that a district manager position was available at the time his
employment was terminated; and (2) even if Van Cleave had made out a prima facie case of age
discrimination, he failed to overcome Ameron’s legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for terminating
3 his employment or otherwise to raise a genuine issue of material fact demonstrating that Ameron’s
reason for terminating his employment was a pretext for age discrimination.
Van Cleave filed a Motion for Reconsideration or in the Alternative, a New Trial, which the
district court denied. This appeal followed.2
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
This Court reviews a district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Askanase v. Fatjo,
130 F.3d 657, 669 (5th Cir. 1997). A motion for summary judgment is properly granted only if there
is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter
of law. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). In deciding whether a fact issue exists,
the reviewing court must view the facts, and inferences to be drawn therefrom, in the light most
favorable to the nonmoving party. Olabisiomotosho v. City of Houston, 185 F.3d 521, 525 (5th Cir.
1999).
III. DISCUSSION
Congress passed the ADEA to protect workers from age discrimination in the workplace.
See § 623(a)(1). A plaintiff can create a rebuttable presumption of intentional discrimination by
establishing a “prima facie case”. Thornbrough v. Columbus & Greenville R.R., 760 F.2d 633, 639
(5th Cir. 1985). In order to establish a prima facie case of age discrimination in the context of a RIF,
a plaintiff must demonstrate: (1) membership in the protected class; (2) an adverse employment
action; (3) qualifications to assume an available position; and (4) direct, circumstantial, or statistical
2 A party waives an issue that is inadequately briefed. See United States v. Martinez, 263 F.3d 436, 438 (2001). Van Cleave mentions in his “Summary of the Argument” that the burden of defeating a motion for summary judgment is less difficult under the TCHRA than under the ADEA. Yet no legal authorities were cited at that point, and the issue was not addressed elsewhere in the brief. Van Cleave waived this issue.
4 evidence tending to indicate that age was a motivating factor for termination. See Amburgey v.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
__________________________
No. 02-20683 Summary Calendar __________________________
REID H. VAN CLEAVE,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
AMERON INTERNATIONAL INC,
Defendant-Appellee.
___________________________________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court For the Southern District of Texas (No. H-01-CV-239) ___________________________________________________ December 4, 2002
Before HIGGINBOTHAM , SMITH, and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
A laid off employee brought claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 29
U.S.C. §§ 621-634 (1999) and the Texas Commission on Human Rights Act, TEXAS LABOR CODE
* Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
1 ANN. § 21.001-.556 (Vernon Supp. 2003). The district court granted the employer’s motion for
summary judgment, holding that the employee failed to provide evidence that his employer had a
vacant position at the time of his layoff for which he was qualified, one of the elements of a prima
facie case of age discrimination. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Reid H. Van Cleave (“Van Cleave”) worked for Ameron International Inc. (“Ameron”), or
companies it eventually acquired, as a chemical engineer for more than thirty years. With a variety
of talents, Van Cleave worked within several divisions of the company. His expertise was within the
fiberglass pipe industry. Mindful of Van Cleave’s abilities and a need to better market its fiberglass
pipe, Ameron gave Van Cleave duties marketing its product line. Van Cleave performed well and
was promoted repeatedly. At all times relevant to this suit, Van Cleave worked as market/product
manager of the fuel handling market.1
In the late 1980s, the EPA set deadlines for oil companies to convert fuel handling pipes from
steel to fiberglass. The deadline expired in 1998. After the resulting market downturn, Ameron
restructured its fiberglass pipe division, the division in which Van Cleave worked. Van Cleave’s
supervisor, Mark Nowak (“Nowak”), was responsible, in part, for crafting a restructuring proposal.
Van Cleave’s position of fuel handling product manager was to survive the restructuring. But
Nowak recommended terminating Van Cleave, and offering his position to another, allegedly because
of Van Cleave’s bad attitude and difficulties with following instructions.
When Ameron president and CEO James Marlen considered the restructuring proposal, he
1 The “fuel handling” system comprises the underground pipes that connect storage tanks to the pumps at service stations that dispense gasoline to motorists.
2 interceded, offered Van Cleave a second chance, and put Van Cleave on probation for six months.
By December 1999, the restructuring had been implemented: two district managers positions had
been created and filled; a chemical/industrial product manager was hired; and both the
offshore/marine product manager and the fuel handling product manager (Van Cleave) were retained.
In addition, the division included five regional managers.
The market continued to decline and, in April 2000, Ameron undertook a reduction in force
(“RIF”). All product manager positions were eliminated: the fuel handling product manager (Van
Cleave), age 57, was laid off; the offshore/marine product manager, age 49, resigned prior to the
layoff and was not replaced; and the chemical/industrial product manager (newly-hired during the
restructuring), age 35, was laid off. Two of the five regional managers, both age 48, experienced
adverse employment action: one was laid off, the other was transferred to a subsidiary. The
remaining group included two district managers (appointed during the restructuring), ages 47 and 48,
and three regional managers, ages 54, 63, and 64.
Van Cleave filed suit alleging Ameron terminated his employment in violation of the Age
Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”), 29 U.S.C. § 621, et seq. (1999), and the Texas
Commission on Human Rights Act (“TCHRA”), TEXAS LABOR CODE ANN. § 21.001, et seq. (Vernon
1996).
The district court granted Ameron’s motion for summary judgment, finding that (1) Van
Cleave failed to establish a prima facie case of age discrimination, inasmuch as he failed to adduce
credible evidence demonstrating that a district manager position was available at the time his
employment was terminated; and (2) even if Van Cleave had made out a prima facie case of age
discrimination, he failed to overcome Ameron’s legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for terminating
3 his employment or otherwise to raise a genuine issue of material fact demonstrating that Ameron’s
reason for terminating his employment was a pretext for age discrimination.
Van Cleave filed a Motion for Reconsideration or in the Alternative, a New Trial, which the
district court denied. This appeal followed.2
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
This Court reviews a district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Askanase v. Fatjo,
130 F.3d 657, 669 (5th Cir. 1997). A motion for summary judgment is properly granted only if there
is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter
of law. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). In deciding whether a fact issue exists,
the reviewing court must view the facts, and inferences to be drawn therefrom, in the light most
favorable to the nonmoving party. Olabisiomotosho v. City of Houston, 185 F.3d 521, 525 (5th Cir.
1999).
III. DISCUSSION
Congress passed the ADEA to protect workers from age discrimination in the workplace.
See § 623(a)(1). A plaintiff can create a rebuttable presumption of intentional discrimination by
establishing a “prima facie case”. Thornbrough v. Columbus & Greenville R.R., 760 F.2d 633, 639
(5th Cir. 1985). In order to establish a prima facie case of age discrimination in the context of a RIF,
a plaintiff must demonstrate: (1) membership in the protected class; (2) an adverse employment
action; (3) qualifications to assume an available position; and (4) direct, circumstantial, or statistical
2 A party waives an issue that is inadequately briefed. See United States v. Martinez, 263 F.3d 436, 438 (2001). Van Cleave mentions in his “Summary of the Argument” that the burden of defeating a motion for summary judgment is less difficult under the TCHRA than under the ADEA. Yet no legal authorities were cited at that point, and the issue was not addressed elsewhere in the brief. Van Cleave waived this issue.
4 evidence tending to indicate that age was a motivating factor for termination. See Amburgey v.
Corhart Refractories Corp., 936 F.2d 805, 812 (5th Cir. 1991); (discussing prima facie cases in RIF
scenarios). Once an employee establishes a prima facie case of age discrimination, the burden of
persuasion shifts to the employer to produce a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its action.
Price v. Marathon Cheese Corp., 119 F.3d 330, 336-37 (5th Cir. 1997). If the employer offers a
legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its conduct, the plaintiff has the burden to demonstrate that
the employer’s reasons were pretext for intentional discrimination. Id. There is no serious dispute
regarding the first two elements of a prima facie case of age discrimination because Van Cleave was
over forty years of age and was laid off.
At the time Van Cleave was laid off, there were no positions available for which Van Cleave
was qualified. Nevertheless, Van Cleave persists in his claim and argues: although he was terminated
in the April 2000 RIF, the decision to terminate him was made when the December 1999 restructuring
was first proposed, in August or September 1999; the proposed restructuring created two district
manager positions for which he was qualified; he was not offered either of the district manager
positions; and thus, there is evidence to satisfy the third element of a prima facie case of age
discrimination. We disagree.
Van Cleave and Don Haynes, a contract employee, shared the responsibilities of fuel handling
product manager. In August 1999, Nowak proposed having only one person in the fuel handling
product manager position: Haynes’ contract would not be renewed; Van Cleave would be offered
a position outside the sales and marketing gro up “where his strengths and experience [could] be
better utilized to [Ameron’s] benefit”, 2 R. at 296; and Ameron would offer the vacant fuel handling
product manager position to a current employee. By September, the proposed restructuring included
5 Van Cleave’s severance from the company. But Ameron president Marlen interceded and Van Cleave
retained the fuel handling product manager position. At that time, there was no reason Ameron
should have offered Van Cleave one of the newly-created positions. Even when viewing all facts in
the light most favorable to him, Van Cleave fails to raise an issue of material fact whether he
established a prima facie case of age discrimination. Moreover, Van Cleave fails to show how the
proposal to terminate him, which was ultimately rejected by Ameron, contributed to the subsequent
elimination of all product manager positions, of which he was only one.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated, we AFFIRM the district court’s grant of summary judgment in favor
of Ameron.
AFFIRMED.