United States v. Wagner

149 F.R.D. 217, 1993 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7978, 1993 WL 196321
CourtDistrict Court, D. Utah
DecidedApril 26, 1993
DocketNo. 93-CR-39 W
StatusPublished

This text of 149 F.R.D. 217 (United States v. Wagner) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. Utah primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Wagner, 149 F.R.D. 217, 1993 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7978, 1993 WL 196321 (D. Utah 1993).

Opinion

ORDER

BOYCE, United States Magistrate Judge.

The defendant, Mel Shepherd, has filed a “Motion To Compel Production Of Sentencing Materials.” The defendant is charged, along with others, by indictment and trial is pending. A plea of not guilty has been entered by the defendant. Defendant has not yet pled guilty or been convicted on any charge. The defendant in his motion asks the prosecution to provide the “offense guideline or guidelines”, the “base offense level” and how the charges should be grouped; aggravating specific offense characteristics; adjustments; whether defendant is a career offender; the defendant’s prior criminal record; any grounds on which the prosecution may argue for upward departure; and any information supporting downward departure. The defendant asserts somewhat obtusely that these may bear on a possible plea or counsel’s ability to represent the defendant. Other than the fact the information sought may at some time be relevant, no specific basis for the motion is given except defendant implies a Sixth Amendment right to the information. He seems to suggest counsel cannot advise defendant on a plea without the information.

Much of the information defendant seeks is premature and cannot be accurately determined at this time. In addition, defendant is asking the prosecution to do his legal research as regards the application of the sentencing guidelines. Competent counsel can and should make an independent assessment of the applicable guidelines and facts relevant thereto. Only then can counsel make a fair assessment of whether a plea should be accepted. See Bordenkircher v. Hayes, 434 U.S. 357, 98 S.Ct. 663, 54 L.Ed.2d 604 (1978); Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 106 S.Ct. 366, 88 L.Ed.2d 203 (1985). In many instances counsel for defendant is going to have better information on aspects of the applicable guidelines than the government. Some relevant sentencing information will be in the exclusive possession of the defendant before trial. Defendant is asking for the prosecution’s legal analysis which is the prosecution’s work product and legal theories. Disclosure of this information is not required. Further, the prosecution will not have fully focused on this matter until sentencing becomes a likely prospect. In effect, the defendant is asking the government to conduct an investigation on matters not yet ripe for consideration.

Nothing in Rule 16, F.R.Cr.P. obligates the prosecution to provide such information, except that Rule 16(a)(1)(C), F.R.Cr.P. does provide for the disclosure of the defendant’s criminal record. However, D. Ut. Rule 308(a) requires counsel to pursue informal discovery before seeking the court’s resolution of a discovery motion. Although defendant cites several cases for his position, none [219]*219involve holdings controlling on this issue. They simply are general precedents supporting the accused’s right to competent counsel and the need for a knowing and voluntary plea.

The presentence investigation is the primary source of information on sentencing. Disclosure of sentencing information is provided for in Rule 32(c)(3), F.R.Cr.P. and is to occur at least 10 days before sentencing. D.Ut. Rule 310 governs sentencing information in this District and does not provide for discovery or disclosure of the information defendant seeks until after some adjudication of guilt.

Further, there is no general constitutional right to discovery. Weatherford v. Bursey, 429 U.S. 545, 559, 97 S.Ct. 837, 845, 51 L.Ed.2d 30 (1977). Nothing in the defendant’s motion comes within the standards of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963) or United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 105 S.Ct. 3375, 87 L.Ed.2d 481 (1985).1 Nothing in defendant’s request establishes any special need of defendant for the information requested or that defendant’s constitutional rights will in fact be prejudiced by non-disclosure. At best, defendant is seeking the legal position of the government on sentencing matters which, in the present context, are uncertain and possibly hypothetical.

Generally the defendant is not entitled to prior notice of what the government intends to argue at sentencing. United States v. Barrett, 890 F.2d 855, 865 (6th Cir.1989).2 The presentence report on conviction will provide defendant with all the information for proper focus on the sentencing guidelines before any sentence is imposed. What the defendant asserts in this motion is that counsel’s ability to effectively advise the defendant may be impaired and that a determination of a possible plea requires the information requested.

In United States v. Strickland, 725 F.Supp. 878 (D.E.D.N.C.1989) the defendant made a similar request for the government’s position on the applicable sentencing guideline, any aggravating offense characteristics, any aggravating adjustments, and whether the government would argue for departure. It was contended the information was necessary to ensure the voluntariness of any plea. The court found the request outside of the requirements for a proper plea under Rule 11, F.R.Cr.P. It was determined that if defendant knew the maximum and any minimum sentence, the plea process would be adequately served. The guidelines may not be determined with precise accuracy until the sentencing procedure was undertaken. The court in Strickland ruled the defendant was not entitled to the information requested.

In United States v. Navarez, 731 F.Supp. 262 (D.N.D.Ill.1989) defendant sought discovery of matters pertinent to sentencing under the USSG. Relying on Weatherford v. Bursey, supra., it was concluded there was no Constitutional right to such information from the prosecution. The court observed:

“Navarez contends that he has a substantive right to know prior to trial the sentence he will get. He argues that such knowledge is necessary for him to decide whether to plead guilty. Before enactment of the Guidelines, however a criminal defendant did not have the constitutional right to know the exact sentence he would face, prior to trial or even when pleading guilty. When pleading guilty, the court needed to inform the defendant only of the minimum and maximum sentence he could receive. See, for example, United States v. Theodorou, 576 F.Supp. 1007, 1010-11 (N.D.Ill.1983). This was at a time when judges had greater discretion to impose sentences than they now have under the Guidelines. See Mistretta v. U.S., 488 U.S. 361, 109 S.Ct. 647, 650-64, 102 L.Ed.2d 714 (1989) (discussing history of sentencing in federal courts).
[220]*220What Navarez is arguing is that because one can predict the ultimate sentence with greater certainty under the regime of the Guidelines, a criminal defendant has a greater interest in knowing the relevant facts.

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Related

Brady v. Maryland
373 U.S. 83 (Supreme Court, 1963)
McCarthy v. United States
394 U.S. 459 (Supreme Court, 1969)
North Carolina v. Alford
400 U.S. 25 (Supreme Court, 1970)
Weatherford v. Bursey
429 U.S. 545 (Supreme Court, 1977)
Bordenkircher v. Hayes
434 U.S. 357 (Supreme Court, 1978)
United States v. Bagley
473 U.S. 667 (Supreme Court, 1985)
Hill v. Lockhart
474 U.S. 52 (Supreme Court, 1985)
Mistretta v. United States
488 U.S. 361 (Supreme Court, 1989)
Lankford v. Idaho
500 U.S. 110 (Supreme Court, 1991)
Ronald Wayne Bradbury v. Louie L. Wainwright
658 F.2d 1083 (Fifth Circuit, 1981)
United States v. Theodorou
576 F. Supp. 1007 (N.D. Illinois, 1983)
United States v. Strickland
725 F. Supp. 878 (E.D. North Carolina, 1989)
United States v. Navarez
731 F. Supp. 262 (N.D. Illinois, 1989)
United States v. Knell
771 F. Supp. 230 (N.D. Illinois, 1991)

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Bluebook (online)
149 F.R.D. 217, 1993 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7978, 1993 WL 196321, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-wagner-utd-1993.