United States v. Terrill Rickmon

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedSeptember 2, 2011
Docket10-3474
StatusUnpublished

This text of United States v. Terrill Rickmon (United States v. Terrill Rickmon) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Terrill Rickmon, (7th Cir. 2011).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued August 2, 2011 Decided September 1, 2011

Before

DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge

DIANE S. SYKES, Circuit Judge

DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge

No. 10‐3474

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appeal from the United States District Plaintiff‐Appellee, Court for the Central District of Illinois.

v. No. 09‐10007‐001

TERRILL A. RICKMON, SR., Michael M. Mihm, Defendant‐Appellant. Judge.

O R D E R

Terrill Rickmon confessed to selling crack cocaine after police in Peoria, Illinois, executed a search warrant at his girlfriend’s apartment and found him there with a distributable quantity of the drug. He pled guilty to possession with intent to distribute, and was sentenced to 120 months in prison, the statutory minimum given the amount of crack. On appeal, Rickmon argues that the district court should have (1) ordered the government to disclose the identity of the informant whose information led to the search warrant; (2) granted him a hearing under Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978); and (3) suppressed his confession. He also argues that the court should have retroactively applied the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010, Pub. L. No. 111–220, 124 Stat. 2372. His first three contentions lack merit, and his FSA claim is foreclosed under existing circuit precedent. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment. No. 10‐3474 Page 2

I. Factual and Procedural Background

On January 14, 2009, Peoria police obtained a warrant to search the apartment of Rickmon’s girlfriend. Officer Erin Barisch had prepared a supporting affidavit recounting that on January 13 he was told by a reliable informant that the informant had been in the apartment three times in the past 30 days, including once in the previous 72 hours, and each time saw Rickmon with crack. The informant, Barisch continued, had said that Rickmon lived at the apartment with his girlfriend and routinely sold crack from that address. The informant also described Rickmon and identified his picture in a photo array. Barisch explained that he had used police records to verify that Rickmon’s girlfriend lived at the address given by the informant. He also noted that the informant had provided reliable information in the past.

When Officer Barisch and other officers executed the warrant on January 15, they found 18.9 grams of crack, $4,651 in currency, a digital scale, plastic sandwich bags, mail addressed to Rickmon, a .45‐caliber handgun, and ammunition. Rickmon was present, and after Miranda warnings he confessed that the crack was his and that he had been selling it. He was taken to police headquarters where, after signing a written Miranda waiver, he again confessed that the crack belonged to him. Federal authorities took over the matter, and Rickmon was indicted for possession of crack with intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), and possession of a firearm by a felon, 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). Because the crack amount was at least five grams, Rickmon faced a minimum of ten years in prison under existing law, 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(B)(iii) (2006 & Supp. IV 2010).

Rickmon moved, through retained counsel, to compel the government to disclose the identity of the informant. He argued, citing Roviaro v. United States, 353 U.S. 53, 62 (1957), that the informant’s identity was necessary to prepare his defense. Rickmon asserted that he was not a resident of the apartment and that the informant was “the only person who can put this defendant in possession of any crack cocaine” seized during the search. Disclosure, said defendant, “would be relevant and helpful to defenses such as entrapment, lack of intent, or no involvement” in the charged crime. Rickmon said nothing, however, about wanting the informant’s identity to pursue a motion to suppress. In its written response, the government countered that the informant was only a “tipster” who gave information to the police but was not present during the search and “had no role in ‘setting‐up’ the defendant.” Thus, the government argued, Rickmon had not articulated a sufficient need for the informant’s identity.

After filing that motion, Rickmon changed lawyers. The Roviaro motion was still pending when the new lawyer moved to suppress the physical evidence and Rickmon’s confession on the ground that at least part of the information supplied by the informant was demonstrably false. In his affidavit, Officer Barisch said that he was told by the informant on January 13 that the informant had seen Rickmon in his girlfriend’s apartment with crack in the No. 10‐3474 Page 3

previous 72 hours, meaning no earlier than January 10. Submitted with Rickmon’s motion to suppress were affidavits from his girlfriend, who said that she ordered Rickmon to leave her apartment on January 9 after a fight and did not let him return until a few hours before the police arrived on January 15, and from another woman who confirmed that Rickmon was with her continuously from the night of January 9 until she drove him to his girlfriend’s apartment on January 15. Rickmon argued that the informant had lied, that the false information was material to the determination of probable cause, and that Barisch “either knew of or was deliberately indifferent to” the informant’s lie.

The government, having previously described the informant as someone who “had no role in ‘setting‐up’ the defendant,” responded to the suppression motion by asserting that, in fact, the informant had entered the apartment on January 13 to make a controlled buy from Rickmon and returned with crack allegedly purchased from him. That detail would undermine any contention that the informant had lied about being in the apartment in the previous 72 hours, and the prosecutor explained that Barisch had omitted the information from his affidavit to protect the informant’s identity. In any event, the government argued, Rickmon’s speculative accusation that Barisch knew or should have known about the informant’s alleged untruth was not enough to require further inquiry under Franks.

The district court heard both motions together. As for the Roviaro motion, Rickmon no longer argued that the informant’s identity was necessary to pursue a defense to the indictment. Instead, Rickmon focused exclusively on his belief that disclosure would aid his motion to suppress because the credibility of the informant was in doubt. The government continued to insist that, despite the controlled buy, the informant was no more than a tipster. The district court denied the motion to suppress, noting that the government had not suggested that it would call the informant to testify at trial or get into events occurring before Rickmon was caught with crack at the apartment on January 15. The court did not issue a written decision.

As for the motion to suppress the fruits of the search, the district court agreed with the government that Rickmon had not made a sufficient preliminary showing to warrant a Franks inquiry.

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Bluebook (online)
United States v. Terrill Rickmon, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-terrill-rickmon-ca7-2011.