United States v. Sergentakis

216 F. Supp. 3d 343, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 148355, 2016 WL 6270738
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. New York
DecidedOctober 26, 2016
Docket15 Cr. 33 (NSR)
StatusPublished

This text of 216 F. Supp. 3d 343 (United States v. Sergentakis) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Sergentakis, 216 F. Supp. 3d 343, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 148355, 2016 WL 6270738 (S.D.N.Y. 2016).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM & ORDER

NELSON S. ROMAN, United States District Judge

Currently pending is the Government’s unopposed request to have Defendant Kris Sergentakis involuntarily medicated with antipsychotic drugs in the hope that, after a period of treatment, he will regain competency to stand trial or to enter into a plea agreement related to his indictment for witness retaliation, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1513(e), and cyberstalking, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2261 A(2).

BACKGROUND

On October 20, 2015, this Court held a competency hearing with all parties present where Defendant, defense counsel, and the Government agreed to proceed based on medical reports submitted to the Court by the parties. On that record, Defendant was found incompetent to stand trial and, the next day, he was committed to the care of a treatment facility pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 4241(d)(1). (See Oct. 20, 2015 Mem. & Order (finding of incompetence), EOF No. 40; Oct. 21, 2015 Order (commitment for medical evaluation), ECF No. 41.) Defendant has been under the care and supervision of the Federal Medical Center, Devens (“FMC Devens”) since December 10,2015.

On June 13, 2016, FMC Devens and the assigned psychologist, Dr. Shawn E. Chan-nell, issued a report (“Devens Report”) opining that there is a substantial probability that Defendant’s competency “can be restored with a period of treatment with antipsychotic medication” and requesting that the Court authorize involuntary administration of such medication. (Devens Report at 13, 16.) FMC Devens also concluded that Defendant does not pose a danger to himself or others, (id. at 13-14), which is consistent with all other prior evaluations of Defendant’s demeanor and diagnosis of a delusional disorder.1 This Court requested additional information from FMC Devens regarding the treatment plan, including details concerning the proposed course of medication, the appropriateness of using the medication to treat delusional disorders, and the impact of any potential side effects on Defendant’s ability to meaningfully participate in his defense. (See June 20, 2016 Order.) FMC Devens provided that information in its July 7, 2016 Forensic Report Addendum (Dr. Channell and Dr. Howard Haas) (“Supp. Report”). The Government then sought, and defense counsel did not oppose, involuntary medication of Defendant pursuant to the treatment plan. (See July 22, 2016 Application by the Government (“Gov. [346]*346Applic.”); July 31, 2016 Letter from Defense Counsel to the Court.)2

On August 12, 2016, this Court determined that, as the Government’s application was unopposed, an independent expert was required to advise the Court on the merits of the proposed treatment plan. (Mem. & Order, EOF No. 56.) The rationale for such an appointment was that it would serve the dual aims of protecting Defendant’s liberty interests and testing the details of the proposed treatment plan to ensure that the Court could reliably decide whether or not to order the forcible medication—without the need to substitute Defendant’s voice with that of a guardian. (Id.) On September 16, 2016, the Court appointed an independent expert in clinical and forensic psychiatry, Dr. Merrill Rotter, pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 706. (Order, ECF No. 63.) Dr. Rotter submitted his opinion, essentially concurring with FMC Devens on the merits of the proposed treatment plan, on October 10, 2016 (“Rotter Report”).

DISCUSSION

In Sell v. United States, the Supreme Court provided four factors, or requirements that a Court must find to be true, which guide a determination on the forcible medication of a criminal defendant in situations where the defendant does not pose a danger to himself or others,3 i.e. solely for competency purposes. 539 U.S. 166, 180-83, 123 S.Ct. 2174, 156 L.Ed.2d 197 (2003). Where defense counsel and the Government are in agreement,4 but Defendant vehemently disagrees,5 on the necessity of embarking on a course of action that significantly impairs Defendant’s liberty interests, the Court does not take lightly its responsibility to protect his due process rights. Mr. Sergentakis undoubtedly “possesses a significant liberty interest in avoiding the unwanted administration of antipsychotic drugs,” Harper, 494 U.S. at 221, 110 S.Ct. 1028, even if the proposed treatment plan is designed to restore his competency to stand trial by [347]*347treating his mental illness. Sell, 539 U.S. at 179, 123 S.Ct. 2174.

This Court must “make a careful finding as to whether there is a substantial probability of defendant attaining competency with additional custodial hospitalization.” United States v. Magassouba, 544 F.3d 387, 407 (2d Cir. 2008). “[I]n light of the importance of judicial balancing, and the implication of deep-rooted constitutional rights, a court that is asked to approve involuntary medication must be provided with a complete and reliable medically-informed record, based in part on independent medical evaluations, before it can reach a constitutionally balanced Sell determination.” United States v. Rivera-Guerrero, 426 F.3d 1130, 1137 (9th Cir. 2005); see also United States v. Western, 134 F.Supp.2d 115, 119 (2001) (independent expert appointed to assist court). After seeking the input of an independent medical professional, the Court is prepared to determine whether the allegedly important governmental interests in prosecuting Defendant for the crimes charged in the indictment, considered in conjunction with the treatment plan as proposed by FMC Devens and Dr. Channell at the request of the Government, expounded upon by Dr. Channell and Dr. Haas at the request of the Court, subsequently evaluated by defense expert Dr. Andrew P. Levin,6 and independently evaluated by the Court’s expert Dr. Rotter, warrant forcibly medicating Defendant in order to restore his competency to stand trial. Sell, 539 U.S. at 183, 123 S.Ct. 2174.

Under Sell, the Court must find by clear and convincing evidence that: (1) “important governmental interests are at stake;” (2) “involuntary medication will significantly further those concomitant state interests,” such that “administration of the drugs is substantially likely to render the defendant competent to stand trial” and “substantially unlikely to have side effects that will interfere significantly with the defendant’s ability to assist counsel in conducting a trial defense;” (3) “involuntary medication is necessary to further those interests;” and (4) “administration of the drugs is medically appropriate, ie., in the patient’s best medical interest in light of his medical condition.” Id. at 180-81, 123 S.Ct. 2174; United States v. Gomes,

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Related

United States v. Magassouba
544 F.3d 387 (Second Circuit, 2008)
Washington v. Harper
494 U.S. 210 (Supreme Court, 1990)
Sell v. United States
539 U.S. 166 (Supreme Court, 2003)
United States v. White
620 F.3d 401 (Fourth Circuit, 2010)
United States v. Aaron Gomes
387 F.3d 157 (Second Circuit, 2004)
United States v. Abisai Rivera-Guerrero
426 F.3d 1130 (Ninth Circuit, 2005)
United States v. David Mann
532 F. App'x 481 (Fifth Circuit, 2013)
United States v. Hardy
724 F.3d 280 (Second Circuit, 2013)
United States v. Gomes
305 F. Supp. 2d 158 (D. Connecticut, 2004)
United States v. Lindauer
448 F. Supp. 2d 558 (S.D. New York, 2006)
United States v. Weston
134 F. Supp. 2d 115 (District of Columbia, 2001)
United States v. Weinberg
743 F. Supp. 2d 234 (W.D. New York, 2010)
United States v. Sergentakis
307 F. App'x 520 (Second Circuit, 2009)
United States v. Decoteau
857 F. Supp. 2d 295 (E.D. New York, 2012)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
216 F. Supp. 3d 343, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 148355, 2016 WL 6270738, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-sergentakis-nysd-2016.