United States v. Richard Lawrence Davis

417 F.3d 909, 2005 U.S. App. LEXIS 16428, 2005 WL 1862353
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
DecidedAugust 8, 2005
Docket04-2589
StatusPublished
Cited by15 cases

This text of 417 F.3d 909 (United States v. Richard Lawrence Davis) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Richard Lawrence Davis, 417 F.3d 909, 2005 U.S. App. LEXIS 16428, 2005 WL 1862353 (8th Cir. 2005).

Opinions

MURPHY, Circuit Judge.

After Richard Lawrence Davis was convicted by a jury of possessing more than 50 grams of crack cocaine with the intent to distribute, his motion for a new trial was granted and the government appealed. We reversed, reinstating the conviction and remanding for sentencing. See United States v. Davis, 367 F.3d 787, 790 (8th Cir.2004). On remand the district court1 imposed a 20 year mandatory minimum sentence. Davis appeals, arguing that he is entitled to a new trial because of the prosecutor’s improper closing argument, that he did not have a qualifying prior felony conviction to support the mandatory minimum sentence, and that the sentencing facts relating to his prior conviction should have been submitted to a jury. We affirm.

Davis first argues that the prosecutor’s rebuttal argument at trial was improper and that the court’s curative measures were insufficient, entitling him to a new trial.2 The government contends on the other hand that the prosecutor was fairly responding to arguments made by [911]*911defense counsel. In his closing argument defense counsel had suggested that the government deceived the jury about the experience and motivation of the investigating officers, and he accused the prosecutor of having met with the government witnesses before trial in order to influence their testimony. Counsel also said the prosecutor had belittled the defendant on cross examination. In her rebuttal argument the prosecutor responded to the allegations. She suggested that the charge about fabricating witness testimony was nothing more than a litigation tactic. The defense objected, and the court instructed the prosecutor to “refrain from personalizing.” The prosecutor argued that the government witnesses had been aggressively cross examined by Davis’ lawyer and that they would not have wanted to come to testify had they known how they would be treated. Defense counsel objected, and the court instructed the prosecutor to “move on.” The prosecutor also told the jury that it was necessary to meet with witnesses before trial to learn what they, had seen and to inform them about trial procedures, and suggested that the cross examination done by defense counsel had lengthened the trial. The court sustained the objection and instructed the jury to disregard the comment.

Davis claims that the prosecutor engaged in an improper personal attack by telling the jury that defense counsel had misstated facts, had distracted the jury, and had been aggressive in cross examination. Davis also contends that the government improperly vouched for its witnesses during rebuttal by stating that it is a crime to fabricate testimony and that its meetings with witnesses were appropriate and not out of the ordinary. Davis argues that these statements prejudicially affected his substantial rights because the government lacked strong evidence of his guilt and the district court failed to take sufficient curative action in sustaining only one of his three objections. In reply, the government argues that the prosecution’s remarks were not improper because they were a justified response to the allegations made by the defense in its closing. It also contends that Davis suffered no prejudice as a result of the statements and points out that the defense made few objections, that it did not seek a mistrial, and that the district court gave curative comments after each of the defense objections.

Trial courts have broad discretion in controlling closing arguments, and they will only be reversed if there has been a clear abuse of that discretion. United States v. Wesley, 798 F.2d 1155, 1156 (8th Cir.1986).3 A conviction will be overturned on the basis of inappropriate prosecutorial comments only if they have affected the overall fairness of the defendant’s trial. United States v. Young, 470 U.S. 1, 11-12, 105 S.Ct. 1038, 84 L.Ed.2d 1 (1985). In determining whether reversal is merited, we consider whether the prosecutor’s comments were actually improper within the context of the trial and, if so, whether they were so prejudicial that the defendant was deprived of his right to a fair trial. United States v. Eldridge, 984 F.2d 943, 946 (8th Cir.1993). Prejudice is [912]*912determined in light the misconduct’s cumulative effect, the strength of the evidence of the defendant’s guilt, and the curative actions of the trial court. Id. at 946-47. In reviewing objections to the government’s closing argument we must think about “the probable effect the prosecutor’s response would have on the jury’s ability to judge the evidence fairly.” Young, 470 U.S. at 12, 105 S.Ct. 1038.

The prosecutor’s remarks in pebuttal must be viewed in their context. In his closing argument defense counsel had accused the prosecutor of deceiving the jury about the age and experience of testifying officers, of humiliating the defendant in cross examination, and of fabricating the testimony of its witnesses. A prosecutor “is entitled to make a fair response and rebuttal” if he or government agents or witnesses are attacked. United States v. Williams, 97 F.3d 240, 246 (8th Cir.1996) (quoting United States v. Lee, 743 F.2d 1240, 1253 (8th Cir.1984)). The rebuttal comments by the prosecution in this case were a responsive attempt to “right the scale” after the “defense counsel’s opening salvo.” Young, 470 U.S. at 12-13, 105 S.Ct. 1038; United States v. Franklin, 250 F.3d 653, 660-61 (8th Cir.2001). Unlike the remarks requiring reversal in United States v. Cannon, 88 F.3d 1495, 1502 (8th Cir.1996), the comments were directed at defense counsel rather than the defendant. Moreover, the government presented strong evidence of Davis’ guilt, see United States v. Hernandez, 779 F.2d 456, 461 (8th Cir.1985), and the district court took curative actions whenever there was an objection. The court instructed the prosecutor both to “refrain from personalizing” and to move on. It also sustained a defense objection and instructed the jury to disregard the prosecutor’s comment about the length of the defense cross examinations. There was no motion for mistrial or other request for intervention by the court. We conclude after studying the trial record that Davis has not shown that he was prejudiced by the prosecutor’s remarks or that the overall fairness of the trial was impacted by the rebuttal argument. He is therefore not entitled to a new trial.

Davis also challenges on two grounds the mandatory minimum sentence imposed by the district court and seeks resentencing. Before trial the government filed a criminal information alleging that Davis had a prior final conviction for a felony drug offense, referencing September 24, 2001 state convictions for possession of marijuana and second degree drug trafficking. Based on this, the information alleged that Davis was subject to a twenty year mandatory minimum sentence pursuant to 21 U.S.C.

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United States v. Richard Lawrence Davis
417 F.3d 909 (Eighth Circuit, 2005)

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Bluebook (online)
417 F.3d 909, 2005 U.S. App. LEXIS 16428, 2005 WL 1862353, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-richard-lawrence-davis-ca8-2005.