United States v. Patrick Hausler
Opinion
NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted August 25, 2010 Decided November 8, 2010
Before
FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Chief Judge
JOHN L. COFFEY, Circuit Judge
DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge
No. 09‐3890
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appeal from the United States District Plaintiff‐Appellee, Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division.
v.
No. 06 CR 789‐1
PATRICK W. HAUSLER, Defendant‐Appellant. Harry D. Leinenweber, Judge.
O R D E R
Patrick Hausler was indicted for advertising, possessing, and distributing child pornography. He pleaded guilty to one count of advertising child pornography with intent to distribute, see 18 U.S.C. § 2251(d)(1)(A), and entered into a written plea agreement. He was sentenced to 25 years’ imprisonment followed by a life term of supervised release. He filed a notice of appeal, but his appointed counsel seeks to withdraw as he states he was unable to identify any nonfrivolous grounds for appeal. See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). We confine our review to the potential issues identified in counselʹs facially adequate brief and Hausler’s response. See CIR. R. 51(b); United States v. Schuh, 289 F.3d 968, 973‐74 (7th Cir. 2002).
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Because the defendant has advised his lawyer that he wants to withdraw his guilty plea, counsel initially addressed whether there is any basis to challenge the voluntariness of the plea. See United States v. Knox, 287 F.3d 667, 671‐72 (7th Cir. 2002). His attorney points out that the district court failed to advise the appellant about his right to counsel, about the possibility of restitution, and about the elements of the charge to which he was pleading. The sentencing judge also failed to inquire whether Hausler’s plea was prompted by any threats or promises. We review the trial judge’s failures, set forth above, for plain error because defendant failed to seek to withdraw his plea in the trial court. United States v. Vonn, 535 U.S. 55, 59 (2002); United States v. Sura, 511 F.3d 654, 658 (7th Cir. 2007). We first address the sentencing judge’s failure to advise Hausler of his right to be represented by appointed counsel. See FED. R. CRIM. P. 11(b)(1)(D). At the time he entered his plea of guilty the appellant was represented by appointed counsel, so he would have known of this right, and thus the omission was inconsequential. See United States v. Lovett, 844 F.2d 487, 492 (7th Cir. 1988). Defense counsel also stated that the district judge failed to warn Hausler about a possible restitution order. See FED. R. CRIM. P. 11(b)(1)(K). Because the trial court did not order restitution, this omission was immaterial. See United States v. Hayden, No. 09‐2954 (7th Cir. Aug. 3, 2010) (holding that a district court’s failure to warn a defendant of the possibility of restitution is harmless error when no restitution is ordered). Next, the sentencing court failed to inquire of the defendant whether his plea was prompted by any threats or promises. See id. 11(b)(2). Defense counsel properly concluded that this is immaterial since the signed plea agreement recited that “no threats, promises, or representations” were made to induce Hausler to enter a plea of guilty. See United States v. Driver, 242 F.3d 767, 771 (7th Cir. 2001). Last, appellant’s attorney noted that the district judge failed to advise the defendant about the elements of the charge to which he was pleading guilty. See FED. R. CRIM. P. 11(b)(1)(G). This Court has “adopted a totality of the circumstances approach”when determining “whether the defendant fully understands the nature of the charge to which he is admitting guilt.” United States v. Fernandez, 205 F.3d 1020, 1025 (7th Cir. 2000). The record clearly establishes that the appellant understood the charges against him. Not only did Hausler admit to the facts supporting his conviction but he also confirmed in his written plea agreement that his lawyer explained the elements of the crime charged and that he “fully [understood] the nature and elements of the crime.”
Appointed counsel next examined whether the appellant is able to challenge his sentence. Initially, the defendant’s attorney considered whether Hausler’s sentence exceeded the statutory maximum and thus violated the law. Because the terms of imprisonment and supervised release were within the statutory limits, see 18 U.S.C. §§ 2251(d)(1)(A), (e), 3583(k), there is no potential argument to challenge the legality of the sentence. Thus, appellant’s lawyer turned to possible errors in the guidelines calculations.
Counsel considered the question of whether the trial court committed error when it failed to give the defendant credit for acceptance of responsibility. The sentencing judge
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concluded that even though Hausler had timely entered his plea, he did not deserve the reduction because, while out on bond pending sentencing, he set up another computer and again advertised and distributed child pornography over the Internet, until a government agent discovered the defendant’s illegal computer use. We are of the opinion that the appellant’s conduct certainly gives ample support to the trial court’s conclusion that the defendant engaged in a continuous pattern of criminal activity, which is inconsistent with acceptance of responsibility. U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1, cmt. n.1(b); United States v. Sellers, 595 F.3d 791, 793 (7th Cir. 2010); United States v. McDonald, 22 F.3d 139, 141 (7th Cir. 1994). Furthermore, Hausler’s attorney considered whether the sentencing judge’s conclusion that the defendant had engaged in a pattern of criminal activity was based on clearly erroneous facts. The government called two witnesses at the sentencing hearing who discussed appellant’s access to computers after he was released on bond, one of whom testified that he retrieved child pornography from Hausler’s computer during that time. Defendant neither objected to nor disputed this testimony, and we know of no basis to question the district court’s acceptance of the testimony as credible. United States v. Clark, 538 F.3d 803, 812‐13 (7th Cir. 2008). Accordingly, any argument that the trial judge relied on clearly erroneous facts would be frivolous.
Appointed counsel also considered whether the sentencing court treated the guidelines as mandatory or presumptively reasonable. See Nelson v. United States, 129 S.Ct. 890, 892 (2009); United States v. Mansoori, 480 F.3d 514, 521 (7th Cir. 2007). But appellant’s lawyer properly concluded that there is no evidence in the record that the district judge committed either of these errors and any argument to the contrary would be frivolous.
Hausler’s attorney next considered whether the trial court properly reviewed the sentencing factors under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). A judge “need not address each § 3553(a) factor in checklist fashion, . . . rather, the court must simply give an adequate statement of reasons, consistent with § 3553(a) for believing the sentence it selects is appropriate.” United States v. Panaigua‐Verdugo, 537 F.3d 722, 728 (7th Cir. 2008). Here the sentencing judge explicitly considered the defendant’s history and characteristics, the need for specific and general deterrence, the seriousness of the offense, and the advisory guidelines range of 292 to 365 months when it sentenced him to 300 months imprisonment. We consider this adequate.
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