United States v. Moreno

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
• Decided: October 24, 2019
• Docket: 19-6028
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

FILED United States Court of Appeals UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT October 24, 2019 _________________________________ Elisabeth A. Shumaker Clerk of Court UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v. No. 19-6028 (D.C. No. 5:12-CR-00297-R-13) BANI MORENO, (W.D. Okla.)

Defendant - Appellant. _________________________________

ORDER AND JUDGMENT* _________________________________

Before HARTZ, PHILLIPS, and EID, Circuit Judges. _________________________________

Appellant, Bani Moreno, is a federal prisoner proceeding pro se. Moreno is

appealing a district court’s order reducing his 151-month sentence to 131 months.

Moreno argues the district court abused its discretion by failing to reduce his

sentence to the low-end of the advisory guidelines range, that is, 121 months.

Exercising our jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.

BACKGROUND

In 2013, Moreno was convicted of one count of conspiracy to possess with

intent to distribute methamphetamine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(A); one

* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. count of distribution of methamphetamine, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(A); one

count of possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine, 21 U.S.C. §

841(a)(1); and two counts of using a telecommunications device to facilitate a drug

transaction, 21 U.S.C. § 843(b).

Moreno’s total offense level was 34, and under the sentencing guidelines, he

was sentenced to 151 months’ imprisonment from an advisory range of 151 to 188

months. Moreno filed an appeal, and this Court affirmed his conviction. United States

v. Moreno, 607 F. App’x 775, 776 (10th Cir. 2015) (unpublished). Moreno later filed

a motion claiming ineffective assistance of counsel, which the district court denied.

Moreno sought a certificate of appealability from this Court, which we denied,

dismissing his appeal. United States v. Moreno, 655 F. App’x 708, 710 (10th Cir.

2016) (unpublished).

In 2014, Congress approved Amendment 782, which “reduced the base offense

levels assigned to [most drugs and] drug quantities in U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 . . . .” United

States v. Kurtz, 819 F.3d 1230, 1234 (10th Cir. 2016). On December 26, 2018, under

18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2), Moreno filed a timely motion requesting a sentence reduction

based on Amendment 782. The government did not object to a sentence reduction.

The district court recalculated Moreno’s total offense level at 32 and his resulting

advisory sentencing range at 121 to 151 months. Then the district court resentenced

Moreno to a mid-range sentence, 131 months. Moreno filed a motion to reconsider,

arguing that the district court had no reason to reduce his sentence by twenty months

instead of by thirty months. The district court denied the motion. Moreno appealed

2 the district court’s order, arguing the district court abused its discretion by not

sufficiently explaining why it chose a mid-range sentence of 131 months.

DISCUSSION

We review de novo a district court’s resentencing determination under 18

U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). United States v. Chavez-Meza (Chavez-Meza I), 854 F.3d 655,

657 (10th Cir. 2017), aff’d, 138 S. Ct. 1959 (2018); United States v. Verdin-Garcia,

824 F.3d 1218, 1220–21 (10th Cir. 2016). Moreno argues the district court abused its

discretion by insufficiently explaining its mid-range sentence. The Supreme Court

rejected a similar argument in Chavez-Meza v. United States (Chavez-Meza II), 138

S. Ct. 1959, 1965 (2018).

In Chavez-Meza I, the defendant was sentenced to 135 months’ imprisonment

for conspiracy and possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine. 854 F.3d at

657. With Congress’s approval, the Sentencing Commission adopted Amendment

782, which lowered the sentencing range applicable to the defendant. See id; see U.S.

Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 1B1.10(b)(1) (U.S. Sentencing Comm’n 2014). In

response, the defendant requested a sentence reduction under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2),

and the district court issued an order reducing the defendant’s sentence to 114

months. 854 F.3d at 657. In its sentencing order, the district court stated that it had

considered the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors “to the extent that they [were]

applicable.” Id. The district court provided no further explanation. Id. The defendant

challenged the district court’s sentence-reduction order, arguing the district court

erred “by failing to adequately explain how it applied the § 3553(a) factors” in

3 imposing a mid-range sentence reduction as opposed to a low-end reduction. Id. at

656. We affirmed the district court after finding it had at least considered the

§ 3553(a) factors. Id.

The defendant appealed to the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court

affirmed. Chavez-Meza II, 138 S. Ct. at 1963. The Supreme Court held that “where

. . . ‘the record makes clear that the sentencing judge considered the evidence and

arguments, we do not believe the law requires the judge to write more extensively.’”

Id. at 1964 (quoting Rita v. United States, 551 U.S. 338, 359 (2007)). The Supreme

Court further concluded that where a case is simple, and the sentence is within the

guidelines range, a court need not provide an in-depth explanation of its decision, and

a sentencing court may rely on the record and the § 3553(a) factors. Id. at 1964–65.

The Supreme Court also considered that the sentencing judge had the record before

him during the resentencing and that it was the same judge who had ordered both the

original sentence and the sentence modification. Id. at 1967.

Here, the judge who ordered Moreno’s original sentence also ordered his

sentence modification, so he was familiar with the record and defendant. Also, the

district court stated in its resentencing order that it had considered the § 3553(a)

factors. The district court additionally explained two specific considerations for the

mid-range sentence: Moreno’s “lack of contrition,” and his “not insignificant

involvement” in the methamphetamine operation. R. at 47. The § 3553(a) factors

include “the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and

characteristics of the defendant[,] the need for the sentence imposed . . . to reflect the

4 seriousness of the offense . . . [and] to protect the public from further crimes of the

defendant.” 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1)–(2)(C). Both considerations fall within these

factors, confirming the district court considered the § 3553(a) factors. Though the

court could have explained its sentencing determination more fully, its effort suffices

under Chavez-Meza II. Accordingly, Moreno’s abuse-of-discretion argument must

fail.

CONCLUSION

We affirm the district court’s order reducing Moreno’s sentence to 131

months.

Moreno’s motion to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis is granted. But

28 U.S.C. § 1915 does not allow litigants to avoid payment of filing and docketing

fees—only the prepayment of those fees. Moreno is still required to pay the full

amount of the filing fee in this matter. See § 1915(b).

Entered for the Court

Gregory A. Phillips Circuit Judge