United States v. Mervyn T. Rutley
Opinion
NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted May 30, 2012 Decided May 31, 2012
Before
RICHARD D. CUDAHY, Circuit Judge
JOEL M. FLAUM, Circuit Judge
JOHN DANIEL TINDER, Circuit Judge
No. 11‐2155
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appeal from the United States District Plaintiff‐Appellee, Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin.
v. No. 10‐CR‐176
MERVYN T. RUTLEY, Lynn Adelman, Defendant‐Appellant. Judge.
O R D E R
Mervyn Rutley was charged with defrauding financial institutions using stolen identities. The scheme began in 1996 when Rutley began cashing his deceased father’s erroneously issued pension checks from the Department of Veterans Affairs, and it ended when Rutley was arrested in 2009, by which time he had opened many bank accounts and lines of credit in other people’s names, including his father’s. He pleaded not guilty, but following a jury trial he was convicted of all charges: eleven counts of bank fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1344, one count of wire fraud, id. § 1343, and twelve counts of aggravated identity theft, id. § 1028A. The district court sentenced him to a total of 72 months’ imprisonment and ordered him to pay roughly $205,000 in restitution. Rutley filed a notice of appeal, but his appointed lawyer contends that the appeal is frivolous and seeks to withdraw under Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). Rutley has responded to counsel’s submission. See CIR. R.
No. 11‐2155 Page 2
51(b). We confine our review to the potential issues identified in counsel’s facially adequate brief and Rutley’s response. See United States v. Schuh, 289 F.3d 968, 973–74 (7th Cir. 2002).
Counsel considers whether Rutley could argue that much of the evidence presented against him at trial should have been suppressed because the searches leading to its discovery violated the Fourth Amendment. A portion of the evidence was discovered in a bag Rutley was carrying at the time of his arrest, and other evidence was found in Rutley’s home, including on his computer, when his home was searched pursuant to a warrant. The evidence consisted of other people’s credit cards, driver’s licenses, and social security cards, as well as records of Rutley’s fraudulent transactions. As appellate counsel explains, Rutley had no realistic chance of acquittal with all of this evidence before the jury, but his trial lawyer did not move to suppress it. Rutley has thus waived any objection to the admission of the evidence unless he can show good cause for his trial lawyer’s omission. See FED. R. CRIM. P. 12(e); United States v. Brodie, 507 F.3d 527, 530–31 (7th Cir. 2007); United States v. Evans, 131 F.3d 1192, 1193 (7th Cir. 1997). Counsel, not finding any cause in the district‐ court record for the trial lawyer’s decision to forgo a motion to suppress, concludes that a challenge on direct appeal to the admission of this evidence would be frivolous. The suppression argument, counsel contends, would be better made as part of a collateral attack based on the performance of Rutley’s trial lawyer. In a collateral proceeding, unlike on direct appeal, a complete record could be developed.
We agree with counsel that it would be frivolous for Rutley to argue on direct appeal that the evidence against him should have been suppressed, though we are not persuaded that Rutley would have better luck with this argument in a collateral proceeding. There simply is no indication that the searches in question were unconstitutional. The search of Rutley’s bag was valid as a search incident to arrest, because the Fourth Amendment permits officers to search, without a warrant, any container carried by an arrestee, including bags, purses, wallets, and books. See United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218, 236 (1973); United States v. Mitchell, 64 F.3d 1105, 1110–11 (7th Cir. 1995); United States v. Rodriguez, 995 F.2d 776, 778 (7th Cir. 1993); United States v. Molinaro, 877 F.2d 1341, 1346–47 (7th Cir. 1989). Nor is there any apparent problem with the search of Rutley’s home. Counsel contends that no reasonable officer could have relied on the search warrant because the affidavit underlying it does not include facts showing that Rutley committed his crimes from home or stored evidence there. Yet the affidavit explains that Rutley was known to have received mail related to his fraud scheme at his former address and had been receiving mail at his new address for six months; it also explains that in the extensive experience of the affiant, a Postal Inspector, evidence of this type of financial fraud—credit card statements, stolen checks, and records containing information about the victims—is almost always found in the perpetrator’s residence. This was sufficient to establish a fair probability that evidence of Rutley’s fraud would be discovered in his home. See, e.g., United States v. Aljabari, 626 F.3d
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940, 944–46 (7th Cir. 2010); United States v. Abboud, 438 F.3d 554, 572 (6th Cir. 2006). And the search of Rutley’s home computer also seems to have been permissible. Counsel suggests that it violated the Fourth Amendment because the warrant, although it authorized a search of Rutley’s home for “records” related to his offenses, did not mention a computer. But records are as likely to be on a computer as in a filing cabinet, and there is no indication that the search of Rutley’s home computer went beyond looking for the items described in the warrant. See United States v. Hudpseth, 459 F.3d 922, 926–27 (8th Cir. 2006), approved in relevant part on reh’g en banc, United States v. Hudpseth, 518 F.3d 954, 961 (8th Cir. 2008); United States v. Peters, 92 F.3d 768, 769–70 (8th Cir. 1996).
Counsel also considers whether Rutley could make a nonfrivolous argument that his sentence is unreasonable but concludes that he could not. As counsel notes, the district court properly calculated Rutley’s imprisonment range at 46 to 57 months for the fraud counts (reflecting a base offense level of 7, increased by 12 levels for the loss amount and 2 levels because there were more than 10 victims, combined with a criminal history category of III) and 24 months for the identity‐theft counts. (The penalties for aggravated identity theft are provided by statute, see 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a)(1); U.S.S.G. § 2B1.6, and must run consecutively to any sentence for a different offense, 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(b).) The court then sentenced Rutley to a total of 72 months’ imprisonment—48 months for fraud and 24 for identity theft—a sentence within the guidelines range and thus entitled to a presumption of reasonableness on appeal. See Rita v. United States, 551 U.S. 338, 347 (2007); United States v. Baker, 655 F.3d 677, 683 (7th Cir. 2011). Nothing in the record rebuts that presumption. The judge meaningfully considered the factors in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), including Rutley’s lack of remorse, his gambling problem, the modest losses suffered by most of his victims, and the fact that one of his main victims, his father, was dead and thus would not suffer from ruined credit. We agree with counsel that any challenge to the reasonableness of Rutley’s sentence would be frivolous.
In Rutley’s response to counsel’s motion to withdraw, he proposes to challenge the district court’s loss calculation by arguing, in reliance on Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), that the loss should have been calculated by the jury rather than the judge because it increased his guidelines imprisonment range. As we have said many times, however, Apprendi does not require that guidelines issues be submitted to the jury because the guidelines are advisory. United States v. Roberts, 534 F.3d 560, 573 (7th Cir. 2008); United States v. Dean, 414 F.3d 725, 730 (7th Cir. 2005).
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