United States v. Melissa Gallagher

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedMay 14, 2013
Docket12-3270
StatusUnpublished

This text of United States v. Melissa Gallagher (United States v. Melissa Gallagher) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Melissa Gallagher, (7th Cir. 2013).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued April 4, 2013 Submitted May 14, 2013

Before

DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge

JOHN DANIEL TINDER, Circuit Judge

DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge

No. 12‐3270 Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Illinois, Eastern Division Plaintiff‐Appellee, No. 11 CR 910 v. Virginia Kendall, Judge. MELISSA GALLAGHER, Defendant‐Appellant.

O R D E R

After Melissa Gallagher violated several conditions of her supervised release, the district court revoked her supervised release and sentenced her to twelve months in prison to be followed by three years of supervised release. Gallagher appeals her sentence contending that the district court violated Tapia v. United States, 131 S. Ct. 2382 (2011), by lengthening her prison sentence to allow her to receive drug treatment during her incarceration. We affirm. No. 12-3270 Page 2

I. Factual Background

Gallagher pleaded guilty to producing false identification cards and was sentenced to fifteen months in prison followed by thirty‐six months of supervised release. After completing her prison term, Gallagher repeatedly violated the conditions of her supervised release. She tested positive for an array of illegal drugs on numerous occasions. She also failed to report for a number of her drug testing appointments and for daily methadone medication to assist with her heroin addiction. Finally, she failed to attend various counseling sessions. In a Special Report, her probation officer recommended that Gallagher’s supervised release be revoked and that she be sentenced to twenty‐four months in prison.

On June 30, 2012, the district court held a revocation hearing. The government sought revocation and noted that Gallagher had displayed aggressive behavior towards her probation officer. However, there was also extensive discussion regarding inpatient drug and mental health treatment as an alternative to imprisonment. Ultimately, the district court continued the revocation hearing so that Gallagher and her attorney could determine whether she wished to contest or admit to the violations. Gallagher cites a remark made by the district court to her that “this is a really serious addiction, and you’ve got some obligations to people other than yourself.” The district court also repeatedly expressed “significant concern” that Gallagher posed a safety risk to her young son.

On August 20, 2012, Gallagher appeared before the district court for the continued revocation hearing. Her probation officer reported that Gallagher had been admitted to the Abraxas Southwood treatment clinic. Initially, she participated in the clinic’s medical‐detox program, but she was later transferred to the facility’s residential drug‐treatment program. At one point, Gallagher tested positive for opiates. Her probation officer expressed concerns that Gallagher might be obtaining drugs from her husband, and sought to move Gallagher to the Salvation Army Community Confinement Center. Because Gallagher and the government (albeit grudgingly) agreed to the probation officer’s proposal,1 the district court declined to send Gallagher to prison and instead modified the conditions of her supervised release to require her “to serve 120 days at the Salvation Army Community Confinement Center.” Gallagher cites the district court’s remark that she should appreciate what her probation officer was doing for her because her probation officer could simply ask the court to send Gallagher to prison where she would not have access to any drugs. The district

1 Gallagher agreed to the modification of her supervised release, but did not formally admit to any of the violations at the August 20 hearing. No. 12-3270 Page 3

court also reiterated its concern about Gallagher’s son and informed her that this was her last chance. At the request of Gallagher’s probation officer, the district court set a status hearing for September 19, 2012.

At that status hearing, Gallagher’s probation officer informed the district court that Gallagher had tested positive for PCP and had left the treatment center against medical advice. Subsequently, she was admitted to a hospital and then transported to the Salvation Army. But she was not permitted to stay because she tested positive for tuberculosis. After she was released, Gallagher failed to show up for an intake appointment and two drug tests. But she did meet with her probation officer and agreed to enter the Salvation Army program. However, she again failed to enter the program on the agreed date because she fell and injured herself. As of the status‐hearing date, Gallagher was not in any treatment program.

The government sought revocation of Gallagher’s supervised release. Because she now conceded that she had committed the violations alleged in the Petition to Revoke, the Sentencing Guidelines called for a sentencing range of six to twelve months. Both the government and Gallagher’s probation officer recommended a sentence of twenty‐four months. The government explained that Gallagher needs “both treatment and incarceration, to keep her away from the influences that have been getting at her for an extended period of time.” Her probation officer explained that Gallagher would likely only be able to participate in the Bureau of Prisons’ Residential Drug Treatment Program if her sentence were at least twenty‐four months. In contrast, Gallagher’s counsel argued that a sentence in the guideline range, preferably six months, would be sufficient. Her counsel contended that such a sentence would allow her to remain clean, and that the Bureau of Prisons has drug treatment programs for offenders serving sentences shorter than twenty‐four months.

Before announcing the sentence, the district court observed that “[u]nder the 3553 factors, I find that the history and characteristics of [Gallagher] are the most significant ones to look at here.” Then, as Gallagher notes, the district court stated that Gallagher has “a very, very serious drug addiction.” Next, the district court recounted Gallagher’s many parole violations, and then said:

As far as the history and characteristics of the defendant, I’ll take into account the most recent information for just information thatʹs relevant to the revocation. You’re spiraling out of control. And you have a 5‐year‐old child at home. . . . [W]hen we talked about the risk to the community, we have two drug‐addicted parents with a 5‐year‐old child. And a mom who has had to be No. 12-3270 Page 4

involuntarily committed for mental health reasons. We have to get this situation under control for that child. And we have to get your life out of — under control. You are not admitting the problem, so you need to admit it.

The district court then sentenced Gallagher to twelve months in prison to be followed by three years of supervised release. Gallagher draws our attention to the district court’s subsequent remark:

And the whole time, I’m going to order treatment. I hope you will get it when you’re in prison. But if anything, it will keep you away from the drugs and from your husband, who seems to be a drug influence on you for the past year, according to what I’ve been hearing. This is a serious problem, and you need to get it under control to be a mom to that child.2

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Bluebook (online)
United States v. Melissa Gallagher, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-melissa-gallagher-ca7-2013.