United States v. Maximo Pineda-Buenaventura

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedJuly 6, 2010
Docket09-1478
StatusUnpublished

This text of United States v. Maximo Pineda-Buenaventura (United States v. Maximo Pineda-Buenaventura) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Maximo Pineda-Buenaventura, (7th Cir. 2010).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued February 10, 2010 Decided July 6, 2010

Before

KENNETH F. RIPPLE, Circuit Judge

DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge

ANN CLAIRE WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge

Nos. 09‐1478, 09‐1979 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appeals from the United States Plaintiff‐Appellee, District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin. v. No. 08‐CR‐100 MAXIMO PINEDA‐BUENAVENTURA and EFRAIN PINEDA‐BUENAVENTURA, Barbara B. Crabb, Defendants‐Appellants. Judge.

O R D E R

Brothers and codefendants Maximo and Efrain Pineda‐Buenaventura each pled guilty to conspiring to possess with intent to distribute five kilograms or more of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). Maximo was sentenced to 210 months’ imprisonment, and Efrain was sentenced to 120 months. Both now appeal their sentences, arguing that it was error for the district court to apply sentence enhancements based solely on facts contained in their respective Nos. 09‐1478, 09‐1979 Page 2

Presentence Investigation Reports (“PSRs”), because those facts were not supported by sufficient evidence. Because Maximo and Efrain have waived this argument, and because the district court was entitled to rely on uncontested factual findings in their PSRs, we affirm both sentences.

I. BACKGROUND

Maximo and Efrain Pineda‐Buenaventura were leaders of a large cocaine trafficking ring in Jefferson County, Wisconsin. In June 2008, following an extensive undercover investigation involving confidential informants, controlled drug purchases, and wiretaps, search warrants were executed at Maximo and Efrain’s residences as well as at a storage locker rented by Maximo. At Maximo’s residence, police recovered cocaine, a .357 Desert Eagle handgun, and drug distribution paraphernalia. At Efrain’s residence, police recovered cocaine, a .22 caliber handgun, ammunition, $10,581 in U.S. currency, drug distribution paraphernalia, and a key to a Chevrolet Blazer owned by Maximo. In the storage unit, police discovered Maximo’s Chevrolet Blazer in which $59,000 in U.S. currency and 599 grams of cocaine were concealed. Drugs, money, and other items related to the conspiracy were also found at various other locations searched in connection with the investigation.

Maximo, Efrain, and numerous coconspirators — mostly lower‐level runners — were indicted. Maximo and Efrain each pled guilty to one count of conspiring to possess with intent to distribute five kilograms or more of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). Maximo and Efrain’s PSRs involved the same calculations. Both had base offense levels of 32 based on relevant conduct involving between 5 and 15 kilograms of cocaine, per U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(c)(4). Each PSR recommended two enhancements: a two‐level increase based on the firearms found at their respective residences during execution of the search warrants per U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1), and a four‐level increase for playing leader/organizer roles in the conspiracy per U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1(a), resulting in an adjusted offense level of 38.1 After a three‐level downward adjustment for acceptance of responsibility pursuant to U.S.SG. § 3E1.1(a), each had a total offense level of 35. Both faced a mandatory statutory range of 10 years to life, 21 U.S.C § 841(b)(1)(A), and the recommended Guidelines range for each was 168‐210 months.

Both Maximo and Efrain filed written objections to their respective PSRs. Neither challenged the validity of the facts contained in the PSRs, but instead challenged the legal import of those

1 Maximo was described as a “leader and organizer” of the conspiracy from late 2006 through June 19, 2008, who acted as the primary contact person for many customers and directed numerous runners in the conspiracy. Efrain was described as another “leader” who worked with Maximo, acted as a primary contact for customers when Maximo traveled to Mexico, and directed numerous runners as well. Nos. 09‐1478, 09‐1979 Page 3

facts to the enhancements that they faced.2 As to the § 3B1.1(a) leader/organizer enhancements, both Maximo and Efrain argued that facts demonstrated that they were only managers or supervisors of the conspiracy, not leaders. As to the § 2D1.1(b)(1) firearm enhancement, Maximo argued that the facts contained in his PSR did not demonstrate that he had any knowledge of or control over the weapon found at his residence. Efrain did not raise any objection to his firearm enhancement based on the weapon found at his residence.

Maximo was sentenced first. Asked at his sentencing hearing whether he had any additional objections to anything contained in the PSR, Maximo answered that he did not, but did submit an affidavit setting forth additional facts he hoped would mitigate against a finding that he possessed the firearm that had been found at his residence. The government also submitted additional facts supporting the conclusion that the gun was in fact Maximo’s. Maximo then reiterated his arguments that neither the two‐level firearm increase nor the four‐level organizer increase were warranted. The court heard arguments, overruled the objections, and found that both enhancements were warranted. It then took into consideration the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors and sentenced Maximo to the high end of his Guideline range, 210 months.

Efrain was sentenced shortly thereafter. Asked at his sentencing hearing whether he had any additional objections to anything contained in his PSR, Efrain stated that he did not. The judge heard arguments, concluded that the leader and weapon enhancements were warranted,3 applied the § 3553(a) factors, and sentenced Efrain to the mandatory‐minimum 120 months,

2 Efrain, for example, argued that “[t]he facts contained within the PSR are insufficient” to support a finding that he was a leader in the conspiracy, but he did not dispute the facts themselves. Similarly, Maximo argued that the facts in his PSR were legally insufficient to establish the enhancements he faced, but he did not argue that the facts themselves lacked sufficient evidentiary support.

3 In the course of making the finding that a leader/organizer enhancement was warranted for Efrain, the district court appears to have mistakenly referred to two individuals he directed in a related case in which he was an unindicted named coconspirator. This mistake was inconsequential. It is clear that the conspiracy in this case involved at least five participants, and other findings the judge made based on facts in the PSR independently supported the conclusion that Efrain was an organizer or leader of this conspiracy under the § 3B1.1(a) factors. See § 3B1.1, cmt. n.4; see also United States v. Wasz, 450 F.3d 720, 729 (7th Cir. 2006) (“no one of [the § 3B1.1] factors is considered a prerequisite to the enhancement”); cf. United States v. Diekemper, 604 F.3d 345, 353‐54 (7th Cir. 2010) (headcount not necessary for leadership enhancement in an otherwise extensive conspiracy).

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Bluebook (online)
United States v. Maximo Pineda-Buenaventura, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-maximo-pineda-buenaventura-ca7-2010.