United States v. Martinez

Opinion

FILED United States Court of Appeals UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT July 16, 2019 _________________________________ Elisabeth A. Shumaker Clerk of Court UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v. No. 18-2113 (D.C. Nos. 1:16-CV-00617-WJ-SCY & SEFERINO MARTINEZ, 1:96-CR-00186-WJ-1) (D. N.M.) Defendant - Appellant. _________________________________

ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY _________________________________

Before LUCERO, MATHESON, and MORITZ, Circuit Judges. _________________________________

Seferino Martinez seeks a certificate of appealability (COA) to appeal the district

court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion as untimely. See id. § 2253(c)(1)(B). We

deny a COA and dismiss this matter.

I. BACKGROUND

In 1996, Mr. Martinez was sentenced to 327 months in prison as a career offender

when the United States Sentencing Guidelines were mandatory. Nearly 20 years later,

Mr. Martinez filed a § 2255 motion under Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2551

(2015), which held that the Armed Career Criminal Act’s residual clause was

 This order is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. unconstitutionally vague. See id. at 2557, 2563. He argued that because he received an

enhanced sentence under the mandatory Guidelines’ similarly worded residual clause, his

sentence is unconstitutional under Johnson.

The district court denied the motion as untimely under § 2255(f)(3). That

provision imposes a one-year limitations period for filing a § 2255 motion from “the date

on which the right asserted was initially recognized by the Supreme Court . . . and made

retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review.” Id. The district court determined

that Johnson did not recognize a right made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral

review to challenge the constitutional vagueness of the mandatory Guidelines. Hence,

Mr. Martinez’s motion was untimely. Moreover, the court concluded that our decision in

United States v. Greer, 881 F.3d 1241 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 139 S. Ct. 374 (2018)

resolved this issue. It denied a COA. Mr. Martinez renews his request for a COA in this

court.

II. DISCUSSION

A COA is a jurisdictional prerequisite to our review. See Miller-El v. Cockrell,

537 U.S. 322, 336 (2003). To obtain a COA, Mr. Martinez must make “a substantial

showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). This requires

him to show “that reasonable jurists could debate whether (or, for that matter, agree that)

the [motion] should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues presented

were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v. McDaniel,

529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000) (internal quotation marks omitted). When the district court

denied the motion on procedural grounds—here, untimeliness—the prisoner must show

2 both that “jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the [motion] states a valid

claim of the denial of a constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it

debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Id. (emphasis

added).

No reasonable jurist could debate the district court’s conclusion that the § 2255

motion was untimely. As Mr. Martinez acknowledges, our decision in Greer forecloses

the issue he seeks to raise. Indeed, Greer rejected as untimely an identical challenge to

the mandatory Guidelines’ career-offender residual clause. 881 F.3d at 1244, 1248-49.

Greer held the Supreme “Court did not consider in Johnson, and has still not decided,

whether the mandatory Guidelines can be challenged for vagueness in the first instance,

let alone whether such a challenge would prevail.” Id. at 1248. Because Johnson did not

recognize a new right applicable to a sentence imposed under the mandatory Guidelines,

Greer concluded that the § 2255 motion was untimely. Id. at 1248-49.

Mr. Martinez recognizes that his § 2255 motion is untimely “as long as Greer

remains good law,” COA Appl. at 11, but he says Greer was overruled by Sessions v.

Dimaya, 138 S. Ct. 1204, 1210-11 (2018), which invalidated a similarly worded residual

clause in 18 U.S.C. § 16(b). Our recent decision in United States v. Pullen, 913 F.3d

1270 (10th Cir. 2019), forecloses that argument. Pullen reiterated after Dimaya that

“Johnson did not create a new rule of constitutional law applicable to the mandatory

Guidelines.” Id. at 1284. Given this binding circuit precedent, no reasonable jurist could

debate the district court’s conclusion that Mr. Martinez’s § 2255 motion was untimely.

3 III. CONCLUSION

We deny a COA and dismiss this matter.

Entered for the Court

Scott M. Matheson, Jr. Circuit Judge