United States v. Huggins

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedDecember 19, 2016
Docket15-1676-cr
StatusPublished

This text of United States v. Huggins (United States v. Huggins) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Huggins, (2d Cir. 2016).

Opinion

15‐1676‐cr United States v. Huggins

In the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

AUGUST TERM 2016

No. 15‐1676‐cr

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appellee,

v.

CHARLES HUGGINS, AKA SEALED DEFENDANT 1, Defendant‐Appellant,

CHRISTOPHER BUTCHKO, Defendant,

ANNE THOMAS, Defendant.*

ARGUED: SEPTEMBER 28, 2016 DECIDED: DECEMBER 19, 2016

The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the official caption as set forth above. * Before: WINTER and CABRANES, Circuit Judges, and RESTANI, Judge.†

This case concerns an appeal from the judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Sidney H. Stein, Judge), convicting Defendant‐Appellant‐Charles Huggins of wire fraud and conspiracy to commit wire fraud and sentencing him to a term of imprisonment of 120 months. We conclude that the district court erred in applying sentencing enhancements for receiving gross receipts in excess of $1 million from a financial institution pursuant to United States Sentencing Guidelines (“the Guidelines” or “U.S.S.G.”) § 2B1.1(b)(16)(A) and for abuse of a position of trust pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 3B1.3. In a summary order published contemporaneously with this opinion, we affirm the judgment of conviction and find no error in the loss calculation. In addition, we decline to address Huggins’s limited ineffective assistance of counsel claim raised before us. Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED, in part, and VACATED, in part, and REMANDED for resentencing.

JONATHAN T. SAVELLA (Marc Fernich, on the brief), Law Office of Marc Fernich, New York, New York, for Defendant‐Appellant.

EDWARD IMPERATORE, Assistant United States Attorney (Karl Metzner, Assistant United States Attorney; Preet Bharara,

† The Honorable Jane A. Restani, Judge for the United States Court of International Trade, sitting by designation.

2 United States Attorney, on the brief), Southern District of New York, New York, New York, for Appellee.

RESTANI, Judge:

Defendant‐Appellant Charles Huggins (“Huggins”) was convicted on May 14, 2015, after a two‐week jury trial in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Sidney H. Stein, Judge) for wire fraud and conspiracy to commit wire fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1343 and 1349. The district court sentenced him to 120 months in prison, entered an order of forfeiture in the amount of $2.4 million, and ordered restitution in the amount of $2.4 million.

On appeal, Huggins argues that his conviction was improper because the indictment lacked specificity and failed to inform him of the nature and cause of the accusations against him in violation of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments of the United States Constitution. Huggins also argues that the district court incorrectly applied sentencing enhancements based on a loss figure of $8.1 million, gross receipts from a financial institution in excess of $1 million, and abuse of a position of trust. In addition, he brings an ineffective assistance of counsel claim.

In a summary order published contemporaneously with this opinion, we affirm the district court’s judgments on the indictment and sentencing enhancement for a loss figure of $8.1 million, and

3 decline to resolve Huggins’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim at this time. For the reasons set forth below, we conclude that the district court erred in applying the two sentencing enhancements for receiving gross receipts in excess of $1 million from a financial institution pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1(b)(16)(A) and for abuse of a position of trust pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 3B1.3.

BACKGROUND

In the early 2000s, Huggins ran sham oil companies—he promised investors he would use their money to make a profit in West African oil, but in fact simply pocketed the money. (See Trial Tr. 352)1 Beginning in the mid‐to‐late 2000s, Huggins began running sham diamond and gold mining companies—JYork Industries Inc. (“JYork”) and Urogo Inc. (“Urogo”). (Id. 73, 77, 354, PSR ¶ 8) Huggins informed investors that their investments in JYork would be used to acquire diamonds and gold in Sierra Leone, and that investments in Urogo would be used to acquire the same in Liberia. (Trial Tr. 354, 437) Huggins convinced dozens of investors to invest in these companies, establishing friendships with at least two of the investors. (A:246–48; Trial Tr. 72, 743) In total, Huggins received approximately $2.4 million from investors for JYork and Urogo. (Gov’t Br. at Add. 41–42) Including the receipts attributable to the sham oil companies from the early 2000s, Huggins received approximately $8.1 million from investors. (A:235, 246–48) The investors sent this money to JYork and Urogo accounts at Bank of 1 “Trial Tr.” can be found at the trial court docket entry (“DE”) numbers 283–301. The pagination refers to the original numbering found on the top right hand of the page.

4 America in New York. (Trial Tr. 374–75) Huggins withdrew money from these accounts by ATM, wire transfer, or by having his assistant, Anne Thomas, cash checks. (See id. 387–89, 874–75)

Although Huggins told investors that JYork and Urogo would use their money to acquire diamonds and gold in Sierra Leone and Liberia, Huggins used practically none of the investors’ money to do so. (See Trial Tr. 437–39) Instead, Huggins used the money for a wide variety of personal expenses, including rent payment and other personal bills, distributions to family members and friends, meals at expensive restaurants, the purchase of a Mercedes car, and gifts for a young actress. (Trial Tr. 394–95, 417, 437–39, 445) The government filed an indictment against Huggins on March 6, 2013. (Indictment, DE 15) The superseding indictment, filed on September 4, 2014, alleged two counts: wire fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1343, and conspiracy to commit wire fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1349. (Superseding Indictment, DE 248)

On May 14, 2015, after a two‐week jury trial, Huggins was found guilty on both counts. At sentencing, the district court found Huggins’s base offense level to be 7. (Sentencing Tr. 24, DE 358) The government recommended that all of the relevant sentencing enhancements be applied to Huggins. The district court applied these enhancements to calculate the Guidelines range,2 including: (1) a twenty‐level enhancement for a loss figure of $7,000,001 or

All references to the Guidelines refer to the 2014 version, as those are the 2

provisions governing Huggins’s May 2015 sentence.

5 greater under U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1(b)(1)(K) (2014); (2) a two‐level enhancement for deriving over $1 million in gross receipts from a financial institution as a result of the offense under U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1(b)(16)(A); and (3) a two‐level sentencing enhancement based on abuse of a position of public or private trust under U.S.S.G. § 3B1.3. (Id.) The district court concluded the total offense level to be 39, which when combined with Huggins’s criminal history category of I, yielded a Guidelines range of 262 to 327 months. (Id. at 28)

The district court determined that the range “is greater than necessary to meet the ends of the criminal justice system” and considered Huggins’s age of sixty‐nine years old at the time of sentencing. (Id. at 33) Accordingly, it sentenced Huggins to 120 months on each count to run concurrently. (Id. at 27, 33)

JURISDICTION

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