United States v. Grover Ferguson

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedAugust 3, 2016
Docket15-3753
StatusPublished

This text of United States v. Grover Ferguson (United States v. Grover Ferguson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Grover Ferguson, (7th Cir. 2016).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 15‐3753 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff‐Appellee,

v.

GROVER COLEMAN FERGUSON, Defendant‐Appellant. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin. No. 15‐Cr‐81 — Rudolph T. Randa, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED MAY 26, 2016 — DECIDED AUGUST 3, 2016 ____________________

Before WOOD, Chief Judge, and MANION and HAMILTON, Circuit Judges. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge. Defendant Grover Ferguson ap‐ peals his sentence. He was seventeen years old when he shot a woman three times during a carjacking, permanently disa‐ bling her. The high end of the guideline range for his crime was 217 months in prison. The government recommended a 240‐month above‐guideline sentence based on the severity of 2 No. 15‐3753

Ferguson’s violent actions. The district court, however, im‐ posed a sentence of 600 months (50 years) in prison, or more than 31 years longer than the top of the guideline range. We vacate the sentence and remand for re‐sentencing. The Sentencing Guidelines are, of course, advisory. A judge is free to exercise his or her judgment to depart from them. Such a dramatic variance from a guideline range, however, requires a substantial explanation. Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 50 (2007). The explanation given here does not support a sen‐ tence that is more than 31 years and more than two and a half times longer than the top of the guideline range. I. Ferguson’s Crime and Sentence On April 21, 2015, Ferguson was seventeen years old. He was drunk and high. He wanted a car. He approached a woman on the street as she was getting into her car. He opened the passenger door, pointed a gun at the woman, and demanded her keys. She hesitated, thinking Ferguson was joking. Ferguson demanded the keys again, and he then shot the woman three times at point‐blank range, including one shot to her face. Ferguson walked over to the woman, got her keys, and started the car. The woman somehow managed to drag herself to the curb to avoid being run over as Ferguson drove off. Police arrested Ferguson the next day driving the stolen car, but only after a high‐speed chase. Ferguson’s crimes had a devastating effect on the woman he shot. She lost sight in one eye and has nerve damage to her ear and face. She suffers pain daily. She cannot drive anymore and depends on others for transportation. She has not been able to work since the attack. Ferguson’s attack left her with No. 15‐3753 3

psychological injuries. She has nightmares about the robbery, has become scared of her surroundings, and panics when she sees young men outside her home. Ferguson pled guilty to vehicular robbery by force, 18 U.S.C. § 2119(2), and discharge of a firearm in relation to a crime of violence, 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(iii). The statutory range for the carjacking is up to 25 years (300 months) in prison. The statutory range for discharging the firearm is a mandatory minimum ten years (120 months) up to life, which must be consecutive to the sentence for the carjacking. There is no dispute about the Sentencing Guideline calcu‐ lation here. The guideline range for the carjacking was 78 to 97 months, and the guideline sentence for the firearm count was 120 months, consecutive to the carjacking sentence. The total guideline range was thus 198 to 217 months (sixteen and a half years to a little over eighteen years). At the sentencing hearing, the government requested an above‐guideline 20‐year sentence due to the senselessly vio‐ lent nature of Ferguson’s crime. The victim exercised her right to be heard under the Crime Victims’ Rights Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3771, and urged the court to impose the maximum possible sentence. The defense proposed a fifteen‐year sentence. The district court sentenced Ferguson to 50 years: eight years for the carjacking and 42 years for firing the gun. II. The Delayed Supervised Release Conditions Before addressing Ferguson’s arguments, we first address some procedural confusion in the case. The district court sen‐ tenced Ferguson orally on December 3, 2015 and entered its written judgment of conviction on December 9, 2015. The sen‐ tence at that time was not complete, though, because the 4 No. 15‐3753

judge had not yet announced the conditions of supervised re‐ lease that he intended to impose, nor had he decided the amount of restitution. On December 11, 2015, Ferguson filed his notice of appeal. More than three months later, on March 22, 2016, the district court issued an amended judgment of conviction that included conditions of supervised release and ordered restitution of just over $23,000. Ferguson did not file a new notice of appeal. The district court erred by failing to impose conditions of supervised release at the time of the sentencing hearing and in the original written judgment of conviction. “Conditions of supervised release are part of a defendant’s sentence.” United States v. Neal, 810 F.3d 512, 516 (7th Cir. 2016). If the district court imposes a term of supervised release, the court must im‐ pose certain conditions. Courts usually impose additional standard recommended conditions and sometimes impose additional special conditions. See 18 U.S.C. § 3583(d); U.S.S.G. § 5D1.3. The court should announce those conditions and pro‐ vide any needed explanations at the sentencing hearing, sub‐ ject to a defendant’s possible waiver of the full recitation or explanation if there is no controversy about them. See United States v. Orlando, No. 15‐2092, — F.3d —, —, 2016 WL 3027527, at *4–5 (7th Cir. May 25, 2016) (error to delay imposing man‐ datory term and conditions of supervised release; suggesting caution about delaying imposition of discretionary and spe‐ cial conditions); United States v. Lewis, No. 14‐3635, — F.3d — , —, 2016 WL 3004435, at *5 (7th Cir. May 24, 2016) (elucidat‐ ing waiver); United States v. Thompson, 777 F.3d 368, 376 (7th Cir. 2015) (error to omit from judge’s oral sentencing state‐ ment a condition of supervised release that was included in the written judgment). No. 15‐3753 5

A district court may, of course, modify the conditions of supervised release after sentencing. 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(2). At the time the district court acted here, we had held that a dis‐ trict court could modify conditions after a defendant had filed a notice of appeal. See United States v. Ramer, 787 F.3d 837, 838– 39 (7th Cir. 2015). Recently, however, we overruled that aspect of Ramer and now require parties and district courts to use the process under Seventh Circuit Rule 57 to modify terms of su‐ pervised release while an appeal is pending. United States v. Ray, Nos. 14‐3799 & 15‐3193, — F.3d —, —, 2016 WL 4011168, at *5 (7th Cir. July 27, 2016). We remand for a full re‐sentenc‐ ing on other grounds, though, so we need not base our deci‐ sion on this procedural bobble.1 III.

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United States v. Grover Ferguson, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-grover-ferguson-ca7-2016.