Appellate Case: 25-8072 Document: 14-1 Date Filed: 12/29/2025 Page: 1 FILED United States Court of Appeals UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT December 29, 2025 _________________________________ Christopher M. Wolpert Clerk of Court UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v. No. 25-8072 (D.C. No. 2:03-CR-00061-SWS-1) HERIBERTO GARCIA-RODRIGUEZ, (D. Wyo.)
Defendant - Appellant. _________________________________
ORDER AND JUDGMENT * _________________________________
Before MATHESON, PHILLIPS, and McHUGH, Circuit Judges. _________________________________
Heriberto Garcia-Rodriguez, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s order
denying his fifth motion for compassionate release from federal prison under 18 U.S.C.
§ 3582(c)(1)(A). Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm. 1
* After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
Because Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez appears pro se, “we liberally construe his filings, 1
but we will not act as his advocate.” James v. Wadas, 724 F.3d 1312, 1315 (10th Cir. 2013). He is subject to the same procedural rules governing other litigants. See United States v. Green, 886 F.3d 1300, 1307-08 (10th Cir. 2018). Appellate Case: 25-8072 Document: 14-1 Date Filed: 12/29/2025 Page: 2
I. BACKGROUND
Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez was convicted in 2004 of possession with intent to
distribute more than 500 grams of methamphetamine. He was sentenced under 21 U.S.C.
§§ 841(b)(1)(A) and 851 to life imprisonment because he had two prior felony drug
convictions. We upheld his conviction and sentence on appeal. See United States v.
Garcia-Rodriguez, 127 F. App’x 440, 452 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished). His attempts
to obtain post-conviction relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 failed.
On October 19, 2021, Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez filed a motion for compassionate
release. The district court denied the motion, and we affirmed. United States v.
Garcia-Rodriguez, No. 22-8053, 2022 WL 17588450, at *3 (10th Cir. Dec. 13, 2022)
(unpublished). He moved for compassionate release four more times. 2 The district court
denied each one. His notice of appeal in this matter states that he is appealing the court’s
October 20, 2025 order, which denied his fifth and most recent motion. ROA, Vol. 3
at 178. 3
In denying that motion, the district court started with Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s
reliance on 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(ii), which provides for modifying a prison term if
“the defendant is at least 70 years of age, has served at least 30 years in prison,” and the
He filed these motions on November 29, 2023, May 6, 2024, October 28, 2024, 2
and August 22, 2025.
The notice of appeal states that he appeals from “Doc. 188” entered on 3
“10-10-2025.” ROA, Vol. 3 at 178. Docket entry 188 is the district court’s order dated October 20, 2025, denying Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s August 22, 2025 motion for compassionate release. Id. at 170-77.
2 Appellate Case: 25-8072 Document: 14-1 Date Filed: 12/29/2025 Page: 3
Bureau of Prisons Director determines “that the defendant is not a danger to the safety of
any other person or the community.” The court rejected relief because
Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez was not “at least 70” and had not “served at least 30 years.” ROA,
Vol. 3 at 171-72.
The district court then turned to § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i), which permits a district court
to grant compassionate release if it finds that (1) “extraordinary and compelling reasons
warrant” a sentence reduction; (2) “such a reduction is consistent with applicable policy
statements issued by the Sentencing Commission”; and (3) a sentence reduction is
warranted after considering the applicable 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors. See United States
v. Maumau, 993 F.3d 821, 831 (10th Cir. 2021). The court found no “extraordinary and
compelling reasons.”
First, the district court rejected, as it had in denying Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s
previous motions, his contention that his unusually long sentence was an extraordinary
and compelling reason. The court said his life sentence was within the Guidelines range,
it was based on 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(b)(1)(A) and 851, under current law it would likely be
a 30-year sentence, and he had served 24 years. ROA, Vol. 3 at 174-75.
Second, the district court rejected that legal changes warranted a sentence
reduction, including Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s claim that at least one of his state law
offenses underlying his sentence enhancement might now be invalid. The court did not
find that any of his state offenses had been overturned. It also rejected, for the third time,
his reliance on Guidelines Amendment 821. Id. at 175-76; see id. at 56-60, 90.
3 Appellate Case: 25-8072 Document: 14-1 Date Filed: 12/29/2025 Page: 4
Third, the district court found Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s argument that he was
remorseful and had served the “lion’s share” of his sentence to be “neither extraordinary
nor compelling.” Id. at 176.
II. DISCUSSION
In his brief, Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez lists two issues, both conclusory.
The first issue lists various citations as “modifications” in the law “since [his]
prior 2022 petition.” Aplt. Br. at 3. 4 Although the district court did not address each of
the listed citations, it said Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez had “not point[ed] the court to any
specific” legal developments “that would warrant sentence reduction or compassionate
release,” nor was the court “aware of any” such developments. ROA, Vol. 3 at 176.
Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s appellate brief does not show that the district court erred.
Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez also references “1992 and 2000 non-felony drug predicates
and new evidence that the 1992 #4634804 Fresno, CA does not . . . exist.” Aplt. Br. at 3.
He does not seem to contest the fact of his prior convictions that were used for sentence
enhancement. 5 He instead appears to suggest at least one of them is no longer valid, and
he bears the burden to make that showing. See United States v.
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Appellate Case: 25-8072 Document: 14-1 Date Filed: 12/29/2025 Page: 1 FILED United States Court of Appeals UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT December 29, 2025 _________________________________ Christopher M. Wolpert Clerk of Court UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v. No. 25-8072 (D.C. No. 2:03-CR-00061-SWS-1) HERIBERTO GARCIA-RODRIGUEZ, (D. Wyo.)
Defendant - Appellant. _________________________________
ORDER AND JUDGMENT * _________________________________
Before MATHESON, PHILLIPS, and McHUGH, Circuit Judges. _________________________________
Heriberto Garcia-Rodriguez, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s order
denying his fifth motion for compassionate release from federal prison under 18 U.S.C.
§ 3582(c)(1)(A). Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm. 1
* After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
Because Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez appears pro se, “we liberally construe his filings, 1
but we will not act as his advocate.” James v. Wadas, 724 F.3d 1312, 1315 (10th Cir. 2013). He is subject to the same procedural rules governing other litigants. See United States v. Green, 886 F.3d 1300, 1307-08 (10th Cir. 2018). Appellate Case: 25-8072 Document: 14-1 Date Filed: 12/29/2025 Page: 2
I. BACKGROUND
Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez was convicted in 2004 of possession with intent to
distribute more than 500 grams of methamphetamine. He was sentenced under 21 U.S.C.
§§ 841(b)(1)(A) and 851 to life imprisonment because he had two prior felony drug
convictions. We upheld his conviction and sentence on appeal. See United States v.
Garcia-Rodriguez, 127 F. App’x 440, 452 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished). His attempts
to obtain post-conviction relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 failed.
On October 19, 2021, Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez filed a motion for compassionate
release. The district court denied the motion, and we affirmed. United States v.
Garcia-Rodriguez, No. 22-8053, 2022 WL 17588450, at *3 (10th Cir. Dec. 13, 2022)
(unpublished). He moved for compassionate release four more times. 2 The district court
denied each one. His notice of appeal in this matter states that he is appealing the court’s
October 20, 2025 order, which denied his fifth and most recent motion. ROA, Vol. 3
at 178. 3
In denying that motion, the district court started with Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s
reliance on 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(ii), which provides for modifying a prison term if
“the defendant is at least 70 years of age, has served at least 30 years in prison,” and the
He filed these motions on November 29, 2023, May 6, 2024, October 28, 2024, 2
and August 22, 2025.
The notice of appeal states that he appeals from “Doc. 188” entered on 3
“10-10-2025.” ROA, Vol. 3 at 178. Docket entry 188 is the district court’s order dated October 20, 2025, denying Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s August 22, 2025 motion for compassionate release. Id. at 170-77.
2 Appellate Case: 25-8072 Document: 14-1 Date Filed: 12/29/2025 Page: 3
Bureau of Prisons Director determines “that the defendant is not a danger to the safety of
any other person or the community.” The court rejected relief because
Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez was not “at least 70” and had not “served at least 30 years.” ROA,
Vol. 3 at 171-72.
The district court then turned to § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i), which permits a district court
to grant compassionate release if it finds that (1) “extraordinary and compelling reasons
warrant” a sentence reduction; (2) “such a reduction is consistent with applicable policy
statements issued by the Sentencing Commission”; and (3) a sentence reduction is
warranted after considering the applicable 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors. See United States
v. Maumau, 993 F.3d 821, 831 (10th Cir. 2021). The court found no “extraordinary and
compelling reasons.”
First, the district court rejected, as it had in denying Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s
previous motions, his contention that his unusually long sentence was an extraordinary
and compelling reason. The court said his life sentence was within the Guidelines range,
it was based on 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(b)(1)(A) and 851, under current law it would likely be
a 30-year sentence, and he had served 24 years. ROA, Vol. 3 at 174-75.
Second, the district court rejected that legal changes warranted a sentence
reduction, including Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s claim that at least one of his state law
offenses underlying his sentence enhancement might now be invalid. The court did not
find that any of his state offenses had been overturned. It also rejected, for the third time,
his reliance on Guidelines Amendment 821. Id. at 175-76; see id. at 56-60, 90.
3 Appellate Case: 25-8072 Document: 14-1 Date Filed: 12/29/2025 Page: 4
Third, the district court found Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s argument that he was
remorseful and had served the “lion’s share” of his sentence to be “neither extraordinary
nor compelling.” Id. at 176.
II. DISCUSSION
In his brief, Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez lists two issues, both conclusory.
The first issue lists various citations as “modifications” in the law “since [his]
prior 2022 petition.” Aplt. Br. at 3. 4 Although the district court did not address each of
the listed citations, it said Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez had “not point[ed] the court to any
specific” legal developments “that would warrant sentence reduction or compassionate
release,” nor was the court “aware of any” such developments. ROA, Vol. 3 at 176.
Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez’s appellate brief does not show that the district court erred.
Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez also references “1992 and 2000 non-felony drug predicates
and new evidence that the 1992 #4634804 Fresno, CA does not . . . exist.” Aplt. Br. at 3.
He does not seem to contest the fact of his prior convictions that were used for sentence
enhancement. 5 He instead appears to suggest at least one of them is no longer valid, and
he bears the burden to make that showing. See United States v. Wicks, 995 F.2d 964, 978
4 Under “First Issue,” the brief lists “18 USC § 3582(c)(1)(A), USSG Amendment 814, § 1B1.13(b)(5) and (b)(6), FSA §§ 851(a), 841(b)(1)(A) modifications since prior 2022 petition.” Aplt. Br. at 3. The brief does not explain why these provisions support reversal. 5 Nor could he. This court rejected his factual challenge to these convictions on direct appeal. Garcia-Rodriguez, 127 F. App’x at 450-52.
4 Appellate Case: 25-8072 Document: 14-1 Date Filed: 12/29/2025 Page: 5
(10th Cir. 1993). 6 The district court did not find any predicate conviction had been
overturned. Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez again has not shown the district court erred.
The second issue references “one invalidated 1992 non-felony (simple possession)
predicate,” that he has “served the lion’s share” of his sentence, and that “[t]he
[18 U.S.C.] § 3553(a) sentencing factors were never employed” when he was sentenced.
Aplt. Br. at 3. We have addressed the first point. We agree with the district court’s
response to the “lion’s share” second point. And Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez did not raise the
third point in his motion or his memorandum in support, see ROA, Vol. 3 at 148-64,
166-68, nor did the district court address it, so it is waived. See United States v. Leffler,
942 F.3d 1192, 1196 (10th Cir. 2019).
In sum, we see no basis to reverse the district court.
III. CONCLUSION
We affirm. 7 Entered for the Court
Scott M. Matheson, Jr. Circuit Judge
6 In his motion for compassionate release, Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez said he filed a “Motion to Vacate the 1992 463480-4 case,” ROA, Vol. 3 at 153, but he has not reported the outcome of that motion. 7 The district court entered an order granting Mr. Garcia-Rodriguez leave to proceed in forma pauperis (“ifp”) on appeal. See Appellate Doc. 11. We therefore deny his ifp motion to this court as moot.