24-2410 United States v. Duprey UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 11th day of December, two thousand twenty-five.
PRESENT: DENNY CHIN, RICHARD J. SULLIVAN, MARIA ARAÚJO KAHN, Circuit Judges. _____________________________________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Appellee,
v. No. 24-2410
JOSE DUPREY, a.k.a. Red,
Defendant-Appellant. * _____________________________________
* The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to amend the official case caption as set forth above. For Appellee: Brendan Keefe (Conor M. Reardon, on the brief), Assistant United States Attorneys, for David X. Sullivan, United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut, New Haven, CT.
For Defendant-Appellant Joseph Patten Brown, III, Law Offices of Pat Brown, Avon, CT.
Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the District
of Connecticut (Alvin W. Thompson, Judge).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,
ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the September 5, 2024 judgment of the district
court is AFFIRMED.
Jose Duprey appeals from a judgment revoking his term of supervised
release and imposing a below-Guidelines sentence of six-months’ imprisonment.
Duprey contends that his sentence is substantively unreasonable because it is
“greater than necessary to meet the purposes of sentencing.” Duprey Br. at 2. We
assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and
issues on appeal, to which we refer only as necessary to explain our decision.
In 2008, Duprey pleaded guilty to two counts of possession with intent to
distribute heroin in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(C), for which he
2 received a sentence of 161 months’ imprisonment, followed by six years of
supervised release. He was released from federal custody in January 2020. On
June 1, 2022, while he was on supervised release, Duprey was indicted on one
count of conspiracy to distribute heroin, cocaine, cocaine base, and fentanyl in
violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and(b)(1)(C) and 846, and one count of
possession with intent to distribute at least 100 grams of heroin in violation of 21
U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(B)(i). On February 10, 2023, Duprey pleaded guilty to
both counts pursuant to a plea agreement. On September 5, 2024, the district court
sentenced Duprey to 135 months' imprisonment, to be followed by eight years of
supervised release. United States v. Duprey, No. 3:22-cr-109 (D. Conn. Sep. 5, 2024),
Doc. No. 599.
Immediately after sentencing in the new criminal case, Duprey was
presented on the violation of supervised release associated with his 2008
conviction. During that proceeding, Duprey admitted to the violation, which
mirrored the conduct in the 2022 indictment, and the court proceeded to
sentencing. In the course of that proceeding, the court determined that the
advisory Guidelines range for Duprey’s violation would ordinarily be thirty-three
to forty-one months, but that the statute for violations of supervised release
3 capped his maximum term of imprisonment at twenty-four months. 18 U.S.C.
§ 3583(e)(3). The government accordingly requested a twenty-four month
consecutive sentence in light of Duprey’s “tremendous violation of the court’s
trust,” App’x at 37, and the fact that he had resumed distributing kilogram-
amounts of narcotics while on supervised release for an almost-identical crime.
Duprey countered that a twenty-four month consecutive sentence was greater
than necessary, given that he had already received a 135-month sentence for the
underlying felony and that his prior 161-month sentence, imposed subject to the
Career Offender Guidelines, was likely longer than the sentence he would receive
if he was sentenced today for similar conduct. Ultimately, the district court
sentenced Duprey to six months’ imprisonment – well below the advisory
guidelines sentence – to run consecutively to the sentence imposed for the
distribution charges.
On appeal, Duprey challenges the substantive reasonableness of his
consecutive sentence, which he contends is “greater than necessary to meet the
purposes of sentencing.” Duprey Br. at 2. We disagree.
“Sentences for violations of supervised release are reviewed under the same
standard as for sentencing generally: whether the sentence imposed is
4 reasonable.” United States v. Brooks, 889 F.3d 95, 100 (2d Cir. 2018) (internal
quotation marks and citations omitted). Reasonableness is reviewed “under a
deferential abuse-of-discretion standard,” United States v. Betts, 886 F.3d 198, 201
(2d Cir. 2018) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted), and we will reverse
only in exceptional cases where the trial court’s sentence “cannot be located within
the range of permissible decisions.” United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d 180, 189 (2d
Cir. 2008) (en banc) (internal quotation marks omitted).
The district court acted well within its discretion when it imposed a six-
month consecutive sentence for Duprey’s violation of supervised release. For
starters, the advisory Guidelines recommend that a sentence imposed upon the
revocation of supervised release should run “consecutively to any sentence of
imprisonment that the defendant is serving, whether or not the sentence of
imprisonment being served resulted from the conduct that is the basis of the
revocation.” U.S.S.G. § 7B1.3(f) (policy statement). The Supreme Court has
recently explained that this is because, “[i]n the context of a revocation hearing,
the offense is the underlying crime of conviction, not the violation of the
supervised-release conditions.” Esteras v. United States, 606 U.S. 185, 193–94 (2025)
(internal quotation marks omitted); see also United States v. Ramos, 979 F.3d 994,
5 1002 (2d Cir. 2020) (“A sentence for a violation of supervised release should
primarily sanction the defendant’s breach of trust, not the conduct constituting the
violation itself.” (internal quotation marks omitted)).
The district court also explained why a six-month consecutive sentence was
justified in light of the sentencing objectives for violations of supervised release.
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24-2410 United States v. Duprey UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 11th day of December, two thousand twenty-five.
PRESENT: DENNY CHIN, RICHARD J. SULLIVAN, MARIA ARAÚJO KAHN, Circuit Judges. _____________________________________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Appellee,
v. No. 24-2410
JOSE DUPREY, a.k.a. Red,
Defendant-Appellant. * _____________________________________
* The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to amend the official case caption as set forth above. For Appellee: Brendan Keefe (Conor M. Reardon, on the brief), Assistant United States Attorneys, for David X. Sullivan, United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut, New Haven, CT.
For Defendant-Appellant Joseph Patten Brown, III, Law Offices of Pat Brown, Avon, CT.
Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the District
of Connecticut (Alvin W. Thompson, Judge).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,
ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the September 5, 2024 judgment of the district
court is AFFIRMED.
Jose Duprey appeals from a judgment revoking his term of supervised
release and imposing a below-Guidelines sentence of six-months’ imprisonment.
Duprey contends that his sentence is substantively unreasonable because it is
“greater than necessary to meet the purposes of sentencing.” Duprey Br. at 2. We
assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and
issues on appeal, to which we refer only as necessary to explain our decision.
In 2008, Duprey pleaded guilty to two counts of possession with intent to
distribute heroin in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(C), for which he
2 received a sentence of 161 months’ imprisonment, followed by six years of
supervised release. He was released from federal custody in January 2020. On
June 1, 2022, while he was on supervised release, Duprey was indicted on one
count of conspiracy to distribute heroin, cocaine, cocaine base, and fentanyl in
violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and(b)(1)(C) and 846, and one count of
possession with intent to distribute at least 100 grams of heroin in violation of 21
U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(B)(i). On February 10, 2023, Duprey pleaded guilty to
both counts pursuant to a plea agreement. On September 5, 2024, the district court
sentenced Duprey to 135 months' imprisonment, to be followed by eight years of
supervised release. United States v. Duprey, No. 3:22-cr-109 (D. Conn. Sep. 5, 2024),
Doc. No. 599.
Immediately after sentencing in the new criminal case, Duprey was
presented on the violation of supervised release associated with his 2008
conviction. During that proceeding, Duprey admitted to the violation, which
mirrored the conduct in the 2022 indictment, and the court proceeded to
sentencing. In the course of that proceeding, the court determined that the
advisory Guidelines range for Duprey’s violation would ordinarily be thirty-three
to forty-one months, but that the statute for violations of supervised release
3 capped his maximum term of imprisonment at twenty-four months. 18 U.S.C.
§ 3583(e)(3). The government accordingly requested a twenty-four month
consecutive sentence in light of Duprey’s “tremendous violation of the court’s
trust,” App’x at 37, and the fact that he had resumed distributing kilogram-
amounts of narcotics while on supervised release for an almost-identical crime.
Duprey countered that a twenty-four month consecutive sentence was greater
than necessary, given that he had already received a 135-month sentence for the
underlying felony and that his prior 161-month sentence, imposed subject to the
Career Offender Guidelines, was likely longer than the sentence he would receive
if he was sentenced today for similar conduct. Ultimately, the district court
sentenced Duprey to six months’ imprisonment – well below the advisory
guidelines sentence – to run consecutively to the sentence imposed for the
distribution charges.
On appeal, Duprey challenges the substantive reasonableness of his
consecutive sentence, which he contends is “greater than necessary to meet the
purposes of sentencing.” Duprey Br. at 2. We disagree.
“Sentences for violations of supervised release are reviewed under the same
standard as for sentencing generally: whether the sentence imposed is
4 reasonable.” United States v. Brooks, 889 F.3d 95, 100 (2d Cir. 2018) (internal
quotation marks and citations omitted). Reasonableness is reviewed “under a
deferential abuse-of-discretion standard,” United States v. Betts, 886 F.3d 198, 201
(2d Cir. 2018) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted), and we will reverse
only in exceptional cases where the trial court’s sentence “cannot be located within
the range of permissible decisions.” United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d 180, 189 (2d
Cir. 2008) (en banc) (internal quotation marks omitted).
The district court acted well within its discretion when it imposed a six-
month consecutive sentence for Duprey’s violation of supervised release. For
starters, the advisory Guidelines recommend that a sentence imposed upon the
revocation of supervised release should run “consecutively to any sentence of
imprisonment that the defendant is serving, whether or not the sentence of
imprisonment being served resulted from the conduct that is the basis of the
revocation.” U.S.S.G. § 7B1.3(f) (policy statement). The Supreme Court has
recently explained that this is because, “[i]n the context of a revocation hearing,
the offense is the underlying crime of conviction, not the violation of the
supervised-release conditions.” Esteras v. United States, 606 U.S. 185, 193–94 (2025)
(internal quotation marks omitted); see also United States v. Ramos, 979 F.3d 994,
5 1002 (2d Cir. 2020) (“A sentence for a violation of supervised release should
primarily sanction the defendant’s breach of trust, not the conduct constituting the
violation itself.” (internal quotation marks omitted)).
The district court also explained why a six-month consecutive sentence was
justified in light of the sentencing objectives for violations of supervised release.
While “[d]istrict courts may not consider the retributive purpose of [section]
3553(a)(2)(A) before revoking supervised release,” they must weigh the other
classic “purposes of sentencing,” including the need for “incapacitation” and
“deterrence[.]” Esteras, 606 U.S. at 203. That is what the district court did here,
noting “the need for the sentence here to . . . protect the public from further crimes
committed by [the defendant], the need to deter others from committing the
offense [the defendant] committed, and the need to deter [him] from committing
further offenses.” App’x at 40. After concluding that the “most significant of these
purposes in [Duprey’s] case is specific deterrence,” id., the district court
acknowledged that the long sentence imposed for the underlying felony, coupled
with a variety of mitigating factors, supported the imposition of a well-below
Guidelines sentence of six months. Nonetheless, given the fact that Duprey
committed another drug offense “while [he was] on supervised release,” the court
6 concluded that a six-month consecutive sentence was “sufficient but not greater
than necessary” to provide “sufficient deterrence[.]” Id. at 40–41. On this record,
we cannot say that the district court’s sentence was “so shockingly high” or
“otherwise unsupportable as a matter of law” that it would “damage the
administration of justice.” United States v. Rigas, 583 F.3d 108, 123 (2d Cir. 2009).
Accordingly, Duprey’s substantive reasonableness challenge fails.
* * *
We have considered Duprey’s remaining arguments and find them to be
without merit. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgments of the district court.
FOR THE COURT: Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court.