United States v. Donald Ridley

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedJune 13, 2016
Docket15-1309
StatusPublished

This text of United States v. Donald Ridley (United States v. Donald Ridley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Donald Ridley, (7th Cir. 2016).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 15‐1309 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff‐Appellee,

v.

DONALD C. RIDLEY, Defendant‐Appellant. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois. No. 3:13‐CR‐30084‐DRH‐002 — David R. Herndon, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED DECEMBER 9, 2015 — DECIDED JUNE 13, 2016 ____________________

Before EASTERBROOK and HAMILTON, Circuit Judges, and PALLMEYER, District Judge. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge. A jury found appellant Donald Ridley guilty on several felony charges for participating in a bank robbery. On appeal he challenges his convictions on three separate grounds: the sufficiency of the evidence that he

 The Honorable Rebecca R. Pallmeyer of the Northern District of Illi‐ nois, sitting by designation. 2 No. 15‐1309

brandished a firearm during the robbery; admission of an FBI agent’s lay testimony regarding cell phone tracking infor‐ mation; and the district court’s supplemental instruction to ju‐ rors when they said they were at an impasse. We affirm. I. The Bank Robbery On the morning of May 7, 2008, two men staged an armed robbery of the Farmers & Merchants Bank in Hoyleton, Illi‐ nois. The robbers entered the bank dressed all in black, wear‐ ing ski masks, and carrying guns. One robber held employees and customers at gunpoint while the other went to the bank’s vault and took about $115,000 in cash. A key witness to the robbery was Cathy Michelle Livesay, who had arrived at the bank on May 7 for just her third day of work as a teller. She testified that each robber carried a black handgun resembling a 9‐millimeter pistol. Livesay also caught a glimpse of the getaway vehicle, a “bluish purple Ford.” Once the robbers had driven off, she called her hus‐ band and told him of the robbery, the getaway car, and the direction the suspects were headed. Her husband was able to place himself along the getaway route and saw a Ford Ranger matching the description his wife had given him and driving at high speed. He noted the license plate number as the sus‐ pects sped past. He lost track of the Ranger as it drove on Route 127 headed in the direction of Liberty School Road. Earlier that day, at 3:30 a.m., a Liberty School Road resi‐ dent named Dennis Windler had awoken and looked out his bedroom window. To his surprise, he noticed a truck and a car driving slowly in tandem down Liberty School Road. He tes‐ tified that the truck was a blue pick‐up and that the car was a light color and damaged along its side. He returned to bed. No. 15‐1309 3

Later that morning, he was tending to his farming and saw that the same truck he had seen earlier was now parked in a nearby field. He investigated with his neighbor, Dennis Witte, and discovered the truck was empty and had no license plates. An hour or two later, Windler returned to discover the truck was gone but the same car—which Windler described as painted white—was now parked in the same location. Along with Witte, Windler noted the license plate number of the car and returned home. A short time after that, Windler returned to find the blue truck back in the field, and he heard police sirens in the distance heading for Hoyleton. He also saw the damaged white car from earlier, but this time it was occupied. Windler tried to stop the car, but it sped past him. He then inspected the truck. The doors were flung open and the interior was covered in pink dye. Windler immediately understood what had happened: “Uh‐oh. Bank robbery.” A dye pack in the stolen cash had exploded in the truck. Windler and Witte called the police. The FBI quickly learned the truck had been stolen from a dealer in Belleville, Illinois, near the home of Donald Ridley’s grandmother. The white car’s license plate was registered to Ridley. DNA evidence gathered from the truck matched Rid‐ ley. Officers located and spoke to Ridley, who denied involve‐ ment and claimed he had spent the day with his cousin Terry Smith. When officers talked with Smith about his story, he ad‐ mitted that Ridley had asked him to cover for him. Smith also revealed that he had spent the evening of May 6 with Ridley and an acquaintance named Joe Johnson. 4 No. 15‐1309

Faced with mounting evidence, Johnson turned on Ridley and admitted that they were the Hoyleton robbers. He re‐ vealed details of the scheme: on the morning of the robbery, he and Ridley each brought gloves, a change of clothes, and something to obscure their faces. They planned vehicle swaps consistent with Livesay’s and Windler’s observations. John‐ son also said that during the robbery, he held customers and employees at gunpoint while Ridley entered the bank vault to steal the money. Just before the fifth anniversary of the robbery, a federal grand jury indicted Ridley for armed bank robbery and re‐ lated charges. The case proceeded to trial, and the jury found Ridley guilty of armed bank robbery, brandishing a firearm in relation to a crime of violence, making false statements to a federal law enforcement officer, and obstruction of justice. Ridley was sentenced to 246 months in prison and five years of supervised release and was ordered to pay $115,000 in res‐ titution. II. Evidence of Brandishing On appeal, Ridley contends first that the evidence was not sufficient to convict him for brandishing a firearm in relation to a crime of violence in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A). In reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a criminal conviction, we ask “whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prose‐ cution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); see also United States v. John‐ son, 592 F.3d 749, 754 (7th Cir. 2010) (in reviewing sufficiency challenge, “we view all evidence and draw all reasonable in‐ ferences in the light most favorable to the prosecution”). No. 15‐1309 5

The jury heard conflicting testimony about whether Rid‐ ley carried and displayed a firearm during the bank robbery. As noted, teller Livesay testified that both robbers carried fire‐ arms where she could see them. A bank customer, Kimberly Connelly, described the robbers and also testified that each carried a firearm, one of which appeared to be a heavy, black pistol. Ridley’s partner Johnson, however, testified that Ridley had not possessed or brandished a firearm during the rob‐ bery. Ridley argues that Johnson’s “unequivocal” testimony that Ridley did not have a firearm undermines the conviction for possession and brandishing. Because the government did not challenge Johnson’s truthfulness as a witness and used some of his statements to its advantage, Ridley argues, the govern‐ ment implicitly endorsed all of Johnson’s testimony and is stuck with his assertion that Ridley did not carry a gun. Rid‐ ley contends that the conflicting testimony as to whether he carried and brandished a firearm must therefore be resolved entirely in Johnson’s and thus Ridley’s favor.

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United States v. Donald Ridley, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-donald-ridley-ca7-2016.