United States v. Certified Environmental Services, Inc.

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedMay 28, 2014
Docket11-4872(L)
StatusPublished

This text of United States v. Certified Environmental Services, Inc. (United States v. Certified Environmental Services, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Certified Environmental Services, Inc., (2d Cir. 2014).

Opinion

11‐4872(L) United States v. Certified Environmental Services, Inc.

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

_______________

August Term, 2012

(Argued: June 14, 2013 Decided: May 28, 2014)

Docket Nos. 11‐4872(Lead), 11‐4875(Con), 11‐4877(Con), 11‐4974(Con), 11‐4976(Con), 11‐4968(XAP), 11‐4969(XAP), 11‐4972(XAP) _______________

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Appellee‐Cross‐Appellant,

—v.—

CERTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC., NICOLE COPELAND, ELISA DUNN,

Defendants‐Appellants‐Cross‐Appellees,

BARBARA DUCHENE, THOMAS JULIANO,

Defendants,

SANDY ALLEN, FRANK ONOFF,

Defendants‐Appellees.

B e f o r e :

RAGGI and CARNEY, Circuit Judges, and RAKOFF, District Judge.1

Appeals and cross‐appeal from judgments of conviction and sentence entered by the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York (Hurd, J.) on November 3, 2011. The defendants, consisting of an asbestos air monitoring company, five of its employees, and an employee of an asbestos abatement contractor, were convicted, collectively, of fifteen counts of conspiracy, mail fraud, and false statements. The charges related to a scheme by which the defendants undertook to violate various state and federal environmental regulations and to certify that proper air monitoring had been conducted when it had not. Defendants‐Appellants‐Cross‐Appellees Certified Environmental Services, Inc. (“CES”), Nicole Copeland, and Elisa Dunn appeal their convictions, arguing that the district court improperly excluded evidence that the defendants acted in the good‐faith belief that they were complying with applicable state regulations, and that the prosecutors engaged in misconduct. The Government appeals the sentences given to Defendants‐Appellees Sandy Allen and Frank Onoff, arguing that the district court miscalculated the amount of restitution, committed procedural errors in determining the applicable advisory guidelines ranges, and imposed sentences that were substantively unreasonable.

We hold that the district court erred in excluding the proffered evidence of the defendants’ good faith, and that, as the Government concedes on appeal, the prosecutors committed multiple instances of misconduct throughout the trial. We further hold that the prejudice resulting from the district court’s erroneous evidentiary ruling and the prosecutors’ misconduct was sufficient to violate the defendants’ right to a fair trial. We therefore vacate the judgments of conviction of CES, Copeland, and Dunn, and remand for a new trial as to them. With respect to the Government’s appeal from the sentences of Allen and Onoff, we

1 The Honorable Jed S. Rakoff, of the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation. 2

hold that the district court erred in calculating the amount of restitution and in calculating the advisory guidelines range. We therefore vacate the sentences of Allen and Onoff and remand for resentencing as to them.

VACATED and REMANDED. _______________

GABRIEL M. NUGENT (Daniel J. French, on the brief) Hiscock & Barclay, LLP, Syracuse, NY, for Defendant‐Appellant‐Cross‐Appellee Certified Environmental Services, Inc.

BRIAN J. FISCHER , MATTHEW D. CIPOLLA, Jenner & Block LLP, New York, NY (Carl N. Wedoff, Jenner & Block LLP, New York, NY; Donald T. Kinsella, Stockli, Greene, Slevin & Peters LLP, Albany, NY on the brief), for Defendant‐Appellant‐Cross‐Appellee Nicole Copeland.

DENNIS B. SCHLENKER, ESQ., Albany, NY, for Defendant‐Appellant‐Cross‐Appellee Elisa Dunn.

CRAIG A. BENEDICT, Assistant United States Attorney (Rajit S. Dosanjh, Assistant United States Attorney, on the brief), for Richard S. Hartunian, United States Attorney for the Northern District of New York, Syracuse, NY, for Appellee‐Cross‐Appellant the United States of America.

JAMES R. MCGRAW, ESQ., Syracuse, NY, for Defendant‐Appellee Sandy Allen.

RAKOFF, District Judge:

Certified Environmental Services, Inc. (“CES”); Nicole Copeland, former

CES Technical Services Manager; and Elisa Dunn, former CES air monitor and

field supervisor, appeal from their convictions of conspiracy, aiding and abetting

violations of the Clean Air Act, mail fraud, and making false statements to

federal officials. Seeking a new trial, these defendants contend that the district

court improperly excluded evidence that they acted under a good‐faith belief

that they were complying with state law and that, in any event, their convictions

and sentences were irreparably tainted by prosecutorial misconduct. The

Government cross‐appeals the sentences given to CES, Copeland, and Dunn, and

appeals from the sentences given to Sandy Allen, a CES air monitor, and Frank

Onoff, a supervisor at a contractor that performed improper asbestos abatement

work. The Government argues that the district court erred in determining

restitution, erred in calculating loss, misapplied the advisory sentencing

guidelines, and imposed sentences that were substantively unreasonable.

For the reasons that follow, we vacate the convictions of CES, Copeland,

and Dunn, and remand for a new trial. We also vacate the sentences of Allen and

Onoff and remand for resentencing.

BACKGROUND

I. Regulatory Framework

Certain technical state and federal regulations governing the removal of

asbestos underlie the charges in this case. Asbestos is severely toxic, and

“medical science has not established any minimum level of exposure to asbestos

fibers which is considered to be safe.” 20 U.S.C. § 3601(a)(3). Its complete

removal is therefore required by both federal and state regulations.

A. Federal Regulations

Under the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 7401‐7515, the Environmental

Protection Agency (“EPA”) is authorized to adopt what the agency has called

“national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants,” including asbestos.

See 40 C.F.R. pt. 61; 42 U.S.C. § 7412(c) & (d). The standards for asbestos are

enforced in part by work‐practice standards that govern covered renovation and

demolition activities involving asbestos. See 40 C.F.R. § 61.145; see also 42 U.S.C. §

7412(h). As relevant here, these work‐practice standards provide that, when

removing regulated asbestos‐containing material, the site owner or operator

must wet the material to prevent it from escaping into the air and must ensure

that the material remains adequately wetted until it is packed and sealed in

leak‐tight containers. See 40 C.F.R. §§ 61.145(c)(6)(i), 61.150. Asbestos‐containing

material is not adequately wetted “[i]f visible emissions are observed coming

from [the] material.” Id. § 61.141. The owner or operator also must ensure that no

visible emissions are discharged to the outside air and must deposit the material

with an authorized disposal site as soon as practicable. Id. § 61.150(a)–(b). The

Clean Air Act provides criminal penalties for any person who knowingly

violates these work‐practice standards. See 42 U.S.C. § 7413

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United States v. Certified Environmental Services, Inc., Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-certified-environmental-services-i-ca2-2014.