United States v. Beaulieu

21 M.J. 498
CourtU S Coast Guard Court of Military Review
DecidedOctober 17, 1985
DocketDocket No. 855; CGCMS 23705
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 21 M.J. 498 (United States v. Beaulieu) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U S Coast Guard Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Beaulieu, 21 M.J. 498 (cgcomilrev 1985).

Opinion

DECISION

BAUM, Chief Judge:

Appellant, who was tried by a special court-martial composed of the minimum three members required by the Uniform Code of Military Justice,1 has asserted ten [499]*499errors before this Court. Only the following two assignments relating to the appointment and ultimate seating of the court members need be discussed:

I PETTY OFFICER BEAULIEU’S CONVICTIONS SHOULD BE REVERSED BECAUSE AN ORAL MODIFICATION TO THE ORDER CONVENING THE COURT-MARTIAL HAS NOT BEEN REDUCED TO WRITING

II PETTY OFFICER BEAULIEU’S RIGHT TO EXERCISE A PEREMPTORY CHALLENGE WAS ILLEGALLY ABRIDGED AND THE UNITED STATES’ RIGHT TO EXERCISE ITS PEREMPTORY CHALLENGE WAS UNJUSTLY ENHANCED

The factual basis for these assigned errors was developed at the stage of the trial when the court members were examined and challenges against them were exercised. During that process, two of the three officers originally appointed by the convening authority were successfully challenged by the defense, one for cause and one peremptorily. After the judge granted the defense counsel’s challenge for cause of the senior member, the court dropped below the requisite quorum of three. The judge then asked the trial counsel, “has the convening authority made any indication to you as to substitute court members?” The trial counsel responded, “yes, your honor. The convening authority has authorized me orally to substitute Captain Parr for Captain Hoffer.” The Court then recessed to obtain Captain Parr’s presence for voir dire examination. When the Court reconvened after the recess, the defense counsel made the following statement:

ICC: I understand, Your Honor, that during recess a list of prospective court members, to which I had earlier inferred (sic) and which I understood were the only prospective members [,] court members, has been added to — there has been information added to it. It’s only the addition of names, I assume it is. I have asked the trial counsel what the additional information is and he has refused to disclose it to me. I would respectfully request the Court to direct the trial counsel to provide me with all of the names of the prospective court member[s]. The prosecutor has a peremptory challenge to the same extent that I do and how you exercise that peremptory challenge quite logically is determined in some measure by who the upcoming members are. I think it is unfair for the government to know that information and not for the defense.

Thereafter, the following interchange took place:

MJ: Yes. Mr Ingham I will ask the prelimary (sic) questions whether or not there is in fact an addition to the list of prospective members?
TC: Your Honor. My communication with the Convening Authority with regard to what he has orally advised me to do if certain events happen is predicated on those events happening first. I do have oral authorization to go beyond Captain Parr as far if there are additional challenges. I did not have that prior to our earlier part of the challenge. I know of no legal authority which compels me to reveal to the defense who is next in order and what oral authorizations are for me to explain in detail. MJ: I wasn’t asking for argument on the issue[.] I was asking whether or not such a list existed?
TC: Yes, Your Honor. I provided a copy of the list before the recess as it was before the recess to counsel previously. Since the recess I don’t feel any obligation to communicate what discussion took place during the recess.
MJ: Right. I’m just trying to get on the record whether or not a list — there is a list on physical paper.
TC: Yes, Your Honor, there is and Mr. Lofton has a piece of paper, a copy of it as it existed before the recess.
MJ: And now the list has been changed. Is that correct?
TC: That’s correct Your Honor.
MJ: And you oppose — you oppose the request of Mr. Lofton. Is that correct. TC: That’s correct Your Honor.
MJ: Do you want to be heard further Mr. Lofton?
ICC: If your Honor — I do Your Honor. I think it is one thing for a member to be challenged and the Court go below the required number and go to the Convening Authority and tell him that and he gives another name. It is quite a different thing to go[,] for the prosecutor to [500]*500have the exclusive privilege to go[,] in advance and getting (sic) many prospective names and therefore he knows information he would not know if it were done in the first way that I described. He now has information relevant to his peremptories that I don’t [have] and as a matter of fairness I think we are entitled to the same information.
TC: I can moot the issue by saying that the government will not exercise [a] peremptory challenge in this case Your Hon- or.
ICC: I’m not sure that moots it Your Honor.
MJ: I will not require the government to make the changes in the list available to you.
ICC: Thank you Your Honor. Please note my objection.
MJ: Yes.
MJ: Anything further before we call Captain Parr?
ICC: Defense has nothing further Your Honor.

After voir dire examination of Captain Parr was completed, the trial counsel had no challenges for cause. The defense then challenged for cause both Captain Parr and another member, LCDR Cox. Both challenges were denied by the military judge. The trial counsel reiterated his decision not to exercise his peremptory challenge and, thereafter, the defense challenged LCDR Cox peremptorily. At that point, the Court was below the requisite three members again and the following transpired:

MJ: Very Well. I will direct the trial counsel to notify LCDR Cox he is excused from this court-martial. I’ll also direct the trial counsel to — perhaps you have the name of the next individual already.
TC: Yes Your Honor, I do. The name is Lieutenant Commander Minott.
TC: I do not have a complete voir dire questionaire on him. I do not know if he is available at this hour.
MJ: Very well. We will take our luncheon recess.
ICC: If I might but (sic) on the record to safe (sic) time Your Honor. I would like to have the trial counsel [,] with request to [the] court to direct the trial counsel [,] to state how his name was arrived at.
MJ: Well, I will ask — I believe the convening authority had already advised you. Is that correct?
TC: Admiral Zumstein orally advised me that if LCDR Cox was challenged then we were to replace him with LCDR Minott.
ICC: I’ve asked trial counsel to state for the record whether that was the full extent of the conversation or as to whether LCDR Minott was presented as a single name by someone else for the District Commander.
MJ: Any comment with respect to that request?

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Bluebook (online)
21 M.J. 498, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-beaulieu-cgcomilrev-1985.