Turner v. State of California

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DAVID B. TURNER, Jr., Case No.: 3:19-cv-02481-LAB-MSB Booking No. 197347785, 12 ORDER: Plaintiff, 13 vs. 1) DENYING MOTION TO 14 PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS

15 AS BARRED BY 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) STATE OF CALIFORNIA; COUNTY [ECF No. 2] 16 OF SAN DIEGO; CITY OF SAN 17 DIEGO; WILLIAM D. GORE; AND CAPTAIN BUCHANAN, 18 Defendants. (2) DISMISSING CIVIL ACTION 19 WITHOUT PREJUDICE FOR FAILURE TO PAY FILING FEE 20 REQUIRED BY 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a) 21 22 Plaintiff, David B. Turner, Jr., currently imprisoned at George F. Bailey Detention 23 Facility (“GBDF”), in San Diego, California, has filed a civil rights Complaint pursuant 24 to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. (See “Compl.,” ECF No. 1.)1 25

26 1 According to the San Diego County Sheriff’s Department’s website, Turner was last booked on June 6, 27 2019, has been sentenced, and is serving his prison term in San Diego Superior Court Case No. SCD282052 in local custody. See https://apps.sdsheriff.net/wij/wijDetail.aspx?BookNum=zRQs IHv WI 28 1 Turner names the State of California, the City and County of San Diego, San 2 Diego County Sheriff William D. Gore, and Captain Buchanan, whom he identifies as a 3 Watch Commander at the County Jail as Defendants, and claims they violated his Eighth 4 and Fourteenth Amendment rights, as well as Article 1 of the California Constitution, 5 when on October 13, 2018, they placed him in an overcrowded cell and denied him good 6 conduct credits “according to Proposition 57.” (See Compl. at 1‒4.) He demands 7 “injunction release” and $154 million in general and punitive damages. (Id. at 4, 7.)2 8 Turner has not prepaid the full civil filing fee required by 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a); 9 instead, he has filed a Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”) (ECF No. 2). 10 I. Motion to Proceed IFP 11 A. Standard of Review 12 “All persons, not just prisoners, may seek IFP status.” Moore v. Maricopa County 13 Sheriff’s Office, 657 F.3d 890, 892 (9th Cir. 2011). Prisoners like Turner, however, “face 14 an additional hurdle.” Id. In addition to requiring prisoners to “pay the full amount of a 15 filing fee,” in “monthly installments” or “increments” as provided by 28 U.S.C. 16 17 judicial notice of public records available on online inmate locators. See United States v. Basher, 629 F.3d 18 1161, 1165 (9th Cir. 2011) (taking judicial notice of Bureau of Prisons’ inmate locator available to the public); see also Foley v. Martz, 2018 WL 5111998, at *1 (S.D. Cal. Oct. 19, 2018) (taking judicial notice 19 of CDCR’s inmate locator); Graham v. Los Angeles Cty., 2018 WL 6137155, at *2 (C.D. Cal. May 4, 2018) (taking judicial notice pursuant to Rule 201 of the Federal Rules of Evidence of information 20 regarding the status of inmate via the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department’s website and its inmate 21 locator function).

22 2 The Court also takes judicial notice of its own dockets on PACER which show Turner has filed more than thirty similar cases over the course of the last ten years, most of them alleging excessive force and 23 the denial of medical care, and seeking monetary relief from the City and County of San Diego, County Sheriff’s Department officials, and the Metropolitan Transit System or “MTS.” See https://pcl.uscourts 24 .gov/pcl/pages/search/results/parties.jsf?sid=3ee13dc867da42c1b64e13215b2a7397 (last accessed Feb. 25 18, 2020). A court may take judicial notice of its own records, see Molus v. Swan, 2009 WL 160937, *2 (S.D. Cal. 2009) (citing United States v. Author Services, 804 F.2d 1520, 1523 (9th Cir. 1986)); Gerritsen 26 v. Warner Bros. Entm’t Inc., 112 F. Supp. 3d 1011, 1034 (C.D. Cal. 2015), and “‘may take notice of proceedings in other courts, both within and without the federal judicial system, if those proceedings have 27 a direct relation to matters at issue.’” Bias v. Moynihan, 508 F.3d 1212, 1225 (9th Cir. 2007) (quoting Bennett v. Medtronic, Inc., 285 F.3d 801, 803 n.2 (9th Cir. 2002)); see also United States ex rel. Robinson 28 1 § 1915(a)(3)(b), the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) amended section 1915 to 2 preclude the privilege to proceed IFP in cases where the prisoner: 3 . . . has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United States that was 4 dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim 5 upon which relief can be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury. 6 7 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). “This subdivision is commonly known as the ‘three strikes’ 8 provision.” Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1116 n.1 (9th Cir. 2005). “Pursuant to 9 § 1915(g), a prisoner with three strikes or more cannot proceed IFP.” Id.; see also 10 Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1052 (9th Cir. 2007) (hereafter “Cervantes”) 11 (under the PLRA, “[p]risoners who have repeatedly brought unsuccessful suits may 12 entirely be barred from IFP status under the three strikes rule[.]”). The objective of the 13 PLRA is to further “the congressional goal of reducing frivolous prisoner litigation in 14 federal court.” Tierney v. Kupers, 128 F.3d 1310, 1312 (9th Cir. 1997). 15 “Strikes are prior cases or appeals, brought while the plaintiff was a prisoner, 16 which were dismissed on the ground that they were frivolous, malicious, or failed to state 17 a claim,” Andrews, 398 F.3d at 1116 n.1 (internal quotations omitted), “even if the 18 district court styles such dismissal as a denial of the prisoner’s application to file the 19 action without prepayment of the full filing fee.” O’Neal v. Price, 531 F.3d 1146, 1153 20 (9th Cir. 2008). When courts “review a dismissal to determine whether it counts as a 21 strike, the style of the dismissal or the procedural posture is immaterial. Instead, the 22 central question is whether the dismissal ‘rang the PLRA bells of frivolous, malicious, or 23 failure to state a claim.’” El-Shaddai v. Zamora, 833 F.3d 1036, 1042 (9th Cir. 2016) 24 (quoting Blakely v. Wards, 738 F.3d 607, 615 (4th Cir. 2013)). 25 Once a prisoner has accumulated three strikes, section 1915(g) prohibits his pursuit 26 of any subsequent IFP civil action or appeal in federal court unless he faces “imminent 27 danger of serious physical injury.” See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1051- 28 52 (noting § 1915(g)’s exception for IFP complaints which “make[] a plausible allegation 1 that the prisoner faced ‘imminent danger of serious physical injury’ at the time of 2 filing.”). 3 B. Discussion 4 1. Imminent Danger Exception 5 Turner claims the State, City, County, Sheriff, and a Watch Commander at the 6 Central Jail placed him in an overcrowded cell on October 13, 2019, and refused to apply 7 good conduct credits to his sentence. (See Compl. at 1‒3.) However, he does not allege to 8 be currently housed under those same conditions, and offers no plausible explanation as 9 to how the denial of custody credits posed an imminent danger of serious physical injury 10 to him at the time he filed his Complaint. See Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1051-52. 11 Section § 1915(g)’s “imminent danger” exception cannot be triggered solely by 12 complaints of past harm or generalized fears of potential harm due to incarceration alone. 13 See id. at 1053 (“The exception’s use of the present tense, combined with its concern 14 only with the initial act of ‘bring[ing]’ the lawsuit, indicates to us that the exception 15 applies if the danger existed at the time the prisoner filed the complaint.”); see also 16 Parker v. Montgomery Cty. Corr. Facility/Bus. Office Manager, 870 F.3d 144, 154 n.12 17 (3d Cir. 2017) (“Although prison can undoubtedly be a dangerous place, incarceration 18 alone does not satisfy the requirement of “imminent danger of serious physical injury” 19 for purposes of § 1915(g). Indeed, if it did, every prisoner would be entitled to IFP status 20 and the exception would swallow the rule.”) (citation omitted); Williams v. Dep’t of 21 Justice, Bureau of Criminal Info & Analysis, 2018 WL 5630514, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Oct. 31, 22 2018) (finding claims that defendants made “error[s] on [a] rap sheet” which resulted in 23 the denial of parole and continued incarcerated insufficient to qualify as “imminent 24 danger” under § 1915(g)); Youngblood v. Esquerra, 2020 WL 614812, at *2 (E.D. Cal. 25 Feb. 10, 2020) (finding prisoner’s claims of having been “threatened with a Rules 26 Violation Report and potential loss of good time credits if he refused to be double-celled” 27 insufficient to meet § 1915(g)’s “imminent danger of serious physical injury” exception). 28 /// 1 Therefore, the Court finds Turner’s Complaint contains no “plausible allegations” 2 to suggest he “faced ‘imminent danger of serious physical injury’ at the time of filing.” 3 Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1055 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g)). 4 2. Three Strikes‒ Litigation History 5 While Defendants typically carry the initial burden to show a prisoner is not 6 entitled to proceed IFP, “in some instances, the district court docket may be sufficient to 7 show that a prior dismissal satisfies at least one on the criteria under § 1915(g) and 8 therefore counts as a strike.” Andrews, 398 F.3d at 1119‒20. That is the case here. 9 Based on a review of its own dockets, the Court finds that Plaintiff David B. 10 Turner, Jr., currently identified under San Diego County Booking No. 197347785, and 11 previously identified under San Diego County Sheriff’s Department Booking No. 12 13719099, Booking No. 15780644, and CDCR Inmate #G-30643, while incarcerated, has 13 had at least five prior civil actions dismissed on the grounds that they were frivolous, 14 malicious, or failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. 15 They are: 16 1) Turner v. Metropolitan Transit System, et al., Civil Case No. 3:09-cv- 00770- L-POR (S.D. Cal. Nov. 11, 2009) (Order denying amended motion to 17 proceed IFP and dismissing amended complaint for failing to state a claim 18 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) and § 1915A(b)) (ECF No. 6) (strike one); 19

20 2) Turner v. Corporal Saunder (7294), et al., Civil Case No. 3:13-cv- 01368- MMA-DHB (S.D. Cal. June 18, 2013) (Order dismissing action as 21 frivolous pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b) and denying motion to proceed 22 IFP as moot) (ECF No. 3) (strike two);

23 3) Turner v. County of San Diego, et al., Civil Case No. 3:13-cv-2288- 24 LAB-RBB (S.D. Cal. July 11, 2014) (Order sua sponte dismissing First Amended Complaint for failing to state a claim and as frivolous pursuant to 25 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) & § 1915A(b) (ECF No. 7); (Nov. 11, 2014, 9th 26 Circuit USCA, No. 14-56249) (Order denying appellant’s motion to proceed IFP “because we find that there is no non-frivolous issue presented in this 27 appeal”) (ECF No. 13) (strike three); 28 1 4) Turner v. San Diego County, et al., Civil Case No. 3:13-cv-02729-JLS- PCL (S.D. Cal. Nov. 19, 2014) (Order granting IFP and sua sponte dismissing 2 First Amended Complaint for failing to state a claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 3 § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) and § 1915A(b)(1)) (ECF No. 13); (March 20, 2015 Order dismissing case in its entirety for failing to state a claim pursuant to pursuant 4 to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) and § 1915A(b)(1) and for failing to 5 prosecute pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) in compliance with Court Order requiring amendment) (ECF No. 14) (strike four);3 and 6

7 5) Turner v. San Diego County, et al., Ninth Cir. Ct. Appeal Case No. 15- 55544 (July 30, 2015 Order denying appellant’s motion to proceed IFP 8 “because we find that the appeal is frivolous”) (Dkt. No. 4) (strike five).4 9 10 Thus, because Turner has, while incarcerated, accumulated more than three “strikes” 11 as defined by § 1915(g), and he fails to make a “plausible allegation” that he faced 12 imminent danger of serious physical injury at the time he filed his Complaint, he is not 13 entitled to the privilege of proceeding in forma pauperis in this action. Accordingly, his 14 Motion to Proceed IFP (ECF No. 2) is DENIED. See Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1055; 15 Rodriguez, 169 F.3d at 1180 (finding that 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) “does not prevent all 16 prisoners from accessing the courts; it only precludes prisoners with a history of abusing 17 the legal system from continuing to abuse it while enjoying IFP status”); see also Franklin 18 v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1231 (9th Cir. 1984) (“[C]ourt permission to proceed IFP is 19 itself a matter of privilege and not right.”). 20 /// 21 /// 22 23 24 3 See Harris v. Mangum, 863 F.3d 1133, 1143 (9th Cir. 2017) (“[W]hen (1) a district court dismisses a 25 complaint on the ground that it fails to state a claim, and (2) the court grants leave to amend, and (3) the plaintiff then fails to file an amended complaint, the dismissal counts as a strike under § 1915(g).”). 26 4 See Richey v. Dahne, 807 F.3d 1202, 1208 (9th Cir. 2015) (finding that appellate court’s denial of 27 prisoner’s request for IFP status on appeal on grounds of frivolousness constituted a “strike” under § 1915(g) “even though [it] did not dismiss the appeal until later when the [appellant] did not pay the 28 1 Conclusion and Orders 2 Based on the foregoing, the Court: 3 1) DENIES Plaintiff's Motion to Proceed IFP (ECF No. 2) as barred by 28 4 U.S.C. § 1915(g); 5 2) DISMISSES this civil action sua sponte without prejudice for failing to 6 || prepay the $400 civil and administrative filing fees required by 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a); 7 3) | CERTIFIES that an IFP appeal from this Order would not be taken in good 8 || faith pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3); and 9 4) DIRECTS the Clerk of the Court to close the file. 10 IT ISSO ORDERED. 11 12 || Dated: February 19, 2020 / g / 4 ( Ly i □□ 13 Hon. Larry Alan Burns 14 Chief United States District Judge 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 7 ee