Truck Insurance Exchange v. Hale

386 P.2d 846, 95 Ariz. 76, 1963 Ariz. LEXIS 239
CourtArizona Supreme Court
DecidedNovember 21, 1963
Docket7059
StatusPublished
Cited by15 cases

This text of 386 P.2d 846 (Truck Insurance Exchange v. Hale) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Arizona Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Truck Insurance Exchange v. Hale, 386 P.2d 846, 95 Ariz. 76, 1963 Ariz. LEXIS 239 (Ark. 1963).

Opinions

BERNSTEIN, Chief Justice.

Appellant insurance company was defendant in a suit on a fire insurance policy. A verdict and judgment were rendered against defendant. Defendant made several motions: a motion for a directed [78]*78verdict at the end of plaintiff’s case and at the close of all the evidence and a motion for judgment n. o. v. Defendant now appeals, in part, the denial of these motions. So far as that denial is concerned, this court must draw from the evidence all reasonable and justifiable inferences favorable to the verdict. Tucson Title Ins. Co. v. D’Ascoli, 94 Ariz. 230, 383 P.2d 119.

Viewed in that light the evidence is as follows. Plaintiff owned a two and one-half ton wrecker. On the afternoon of the fire he had been using the wrecker to move old cars from one yard to another. At the time he began moving the cars he started a fire to burn a truck body. When he had finished moving three cars, he parked the wrecker about 75 feet from the fire and then left the yard with his brother-in-law. They had a drink of water, sat on the porch of a house for a few minutes and then plaintiff went back to the yard to unhitch a car from the wrecker! He found one of the rear tires partly flat and after trying to fix it went 'to a house about six hundred yards away to telephone. As plaintiff arrived at the house the occupant heard some popping noises, looked toward the yard, and saw smoke coming from the wrecker. Plaintiff also heard the popping noises and testified that when tires are heated enough they will explode. Plaintiff then went to a different yard to keep an appointment. When he returned to the yard where the wrecker was he found it had been moved from 50 to 60 feet from where he had parked. He decided the fire had been intentionally started and called the sheriff’s office. Remains of burned tires were found under the front end of the wrecker and an expert testified that the fire had been set by pouring some inflammable liquid over the wrecker. Plaintiff telephoned a person from whom he was to get another wrecker and told him that plaintiff’s wrecker had burned up.

Defendant contends that the fire was set and urges that, because of testimony as to the times plaintiff made his phone calls and was at various places, he must have been the one who set the fire. There is conflicting evidence as to these times. The jury believed the plaintiff’s testimony and where the evidence is conflicting we will not disturb the finding of the jury. Standard Oil Co. v. Shields, 58 Ariz. 239, 119 P.2d 116.

At the trial one of the defenses was that plaintiff had not filed a proof of loss form within 60 days as required by the policy and therefore could not collect under the terms of the policy. To counter this, plaintiff offered testimony, a letter from defendant company showing that defendant had attempted to settle the claim with plaintiff, and a memorandum from the claims manager of the company that plaintiff refused the amount authorized in settlement. The fire occurred on the first of May and was reported to the company on the second of May. Subsequently two [79]*79agents of the insurance company took full statements from the plaintiff. On June 23' defendant’s claims manager started negotiations with plaintiff and on June 25 the claims manager received the following letter from his home office:

“Have insured come to your office in El Centro [Calif.] and point out to him that we have considerable evidence which indicates the fire did not occur as he claims but that in order to bring the matter to a conclusion without further delay and expense to both parties we would be willing to compromise the loss. We * * * suggest you begin negotiations by offering fifty percent.”

The claims manager had authority from his company to offer plaintiff up to $6,894 in settlement of the claim. The claims manager then offered plaintiff 50% in accordance with his authorization in settlement which plaintiff refused. Plaintiff made a counter offer of $7,500, on July 1, the 61st day after the fire. On that day the claims manager told plaintiff that his authority to settle went no higher than $6,894. Plaintiff would not accept such an amount. At no time did the company furnish or suggest that plaintiff file a notice of proof of loss. Plaintiff did not file a notice of proof of loss. All of the information which would have been included in a proof of loss form was in the hands of the company by way of statements given by plaintiff.

The trial court instructed the jury: “There has been admitted in this case evidence of an offer on the part of the defendant to pay to the plaintiff the sum of $3,447 in settlement of defendant’s liability under the policy of insurance issued by the defendant. You are instructed that any offer made by the defendant to settle the claim of the plaintiff is not to be considered by you as an admission of liability on the part of the defendant and you shall disregard such evidence in determining the liability, if any, of the defendant.”

The general rule and one which we here reaffirm is that settlement negotiations are not admissible in evidence, Leigh v. Swartz, 74 Ariz. 108, 245 P.2d 262. But at common law an almost universal exception to this rule is that under certain circumstances settlement negotiations or compromise offers are admissible to show waiver by the company of the filing of a proof of loss form, LeMars Mut. Ins. Co. v. Tasler, Iowa, 118 N.W.2d 524 and see anno. “Insurers admission of liability, offers of settlement, and negotiations for adjustment or settlement as waiver of proof of property loss” 49 A.L.R.2d 87. Evidence not admissible for one purpose may be admissible for some other legitimate purpose, Leigh v. Swartz, supra.

Defendant, however, refers us to A.R.S. § 20-1130 which reads in applicable part:,

[80]*80“Without limitation of any right or defense of an insurer otherwise, none of the following acts by or on behalf of an insurer shall be deemed to constitute a waiver of any provision of a policy or of any defense of the insurer thereunder :
* * *
“3. Investigating any loss or claim under any policy or engaging in negotiations looking toward a possible settlement of any such loss or claim.”

Defendant correctly contends that this statute was part of a very comprehensive insurance statute. He urges on us a construction of the statute which would abrogate the common law rule as to waiyer of the proof of loss. Before we can accept such a construction we must consider the legislative history and the purpose of this comprehensive insurance statute.

In Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall 168, 19 L.Ed. 357 (U.S.1868) the United States Supreme Court decided that the business of insurance was not in “commerce”. For the next 75 years the insurance industry was under no federal legislation and was subject to only minimal state regulation. In 1944, the United States Supreme Court overruled Paul v. Virginia, supra, and in United States v.

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Truck Insurance Exchange v. Hale
386 P.2d 846 (Arizona Supreme Court, 1963)

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Bluebook (online)
386 P.2d 846, 95 Ariz. 76, 1963 Ariz. LEXIS 239, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/truck-insurance-exchange-v-hale-ariz-1963.