Tomason v. Stanley

297 F.R.D. 541, 2014 WL 504399, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18096
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. Georgia
DecidedJanuary 30, 2014
DocketNo. 6:13-CV-42
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 297 F.R.D. 541 (Tomason v. Stanley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Tomason v. Stanley, 297 F.R.D. 541, 2014 WL 504399, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18096 (S.D. Ga. 2014).

Opinion

ORDER

B. AVANT EDENFIELD, District Judge.

I. INTRODUCTION

Before the Court is Sherry Tomason’s Motion to Strike Affirmative Defenses. ECF No. 27. Tomason argues nine of Defendants’ twenty affirmative defenses fail for factual and legal insufficiencies. Id. Defendants contend that affirmative defenses need only provide adequate notice to Plaintiffs of the assertions that Defendants intend to litigate and thus that Defendants here adequately pled their defenses. ECF No. 32 at 4. Although Defendants articulate the proper legal standard, some of their defenses still fail. The Court therefore GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN PART Tomason’s Motion to Strike.

II. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND1

Sherry Tomason filed this action in April, 2013, asserting claims related to Stanley Farms’s alleged underpayment of farm workers. ECF No. 1. Defendants timely answered, ECF No. 13, and filed a partial motion to dismiss one count of the complaint. ECF No. 15. On November 21, 2013, Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, ECF No. 48, which Defendants again timely answered. ECF No. 52.

In their answer to the amended complaint,2 Defendants pled twenty defenses, including the following nine Plaintiffs now seek stricken: (1) failure to state a claim; (2) expiration of the applicable statute of limitations or laches; (3) failure to comply with conditions precedent to recovery; (4) lack of standing; (5) waiver and estoppel; (6) failure to state a claim for injunctive relief; (7) lack of entitlement to liquidated damages; (8) unclean hands; and (9) that “some of the Plaintiffs [544]*544were not employed by Defendants ... and therefore, such claims are totally lacking in basis in law and fact and are in violation of Fed.R.Civ.P. 11.” EOF No. 27 at 4-8.

III. ANALYSIS

This section, in deciding whether to strike those nine defenses, proceeds first with a discussion of the pleading standard for affirmative defenses. It then asks whether Defendants properly pled each of the nine challenged defenses.

A. Standard of Review

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(f) provides that courts “may strike from a pleading an insufficient defense.” Although reflective of “the inherent power of the Court to prune down pleadings,” TracFone Wireless, Inc. v. Zip Wireless Prods., Inc., 716 F.Supp.2d 1275, 1290 (N.D.Ga.2010), motions to strike are drastic, generally disfavored remedies. EEOC v. Joe Ryan Enters., Inc., 281 F.R.D. 660, 662 (M.D.Ala.2012). The inquiry, then, focuses on whether a defense is insufficiently pled such that the proper remedy is to strike it from an answer.

The Supreme Court’s decisions in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly and Ashcroft v. Iqbal3 have made such analysis murkier. Those cases demanded a higher level of factual particularity from a plaintiffs complaint. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955. This Court must therefore answer two questions: first, must a defendant plead an affirmative defense with the particularity that Twombly and Iqbal require? And second, if the Twombly/Iqbal standard does not apply, what standard does?

A majority of courts — district, not appellate, for no circuit has directly addressed the issue — have answered the first question affirmatively and have applied Twombly’s requirements to affirmative defense pleading. See, e.g., Barnes v. AT & T Pension Benefit Plan, 718 F.Supp.2d 1167, 1172 (N.D.Cal. 2010) (applying Twombly standard to defense of failure to state a claim); Racick v. Dominion Law Assocs., 270 F.R.D. 228, 233-34 (E.D.N.C.2010) (same). The minority, including this Court in other eases, disagree, and refuse to subject defenses to the heightened pleading standard Twombly calls for. See Sec. Life of Denver Ins. Co. v. Shah, No. 4:11-cv-008, 2011 WL 3300320, at *1 (S.D.Ga. Aug. 1, 2011).

The starting point for deciding whether the Twombly standard applies to defenses is the text of Rule 8. Rule 8(a)(2) — the textual basis for Twombly — requires that a “pleading that states a claim for relief ... contain ... a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” By contrast, Rule 8(b) requires responsive pleadings, like answers, to “state in short and plain terms [a party’s] defenses to each claim.” Rule 8(c) then requires parties to “affirmatively state any avoidance or affirmative defense.” So claims for relief must be shown by a short and plain statement; defenses must be stated in short and plain terms; and affirmative defenses must be affirmatively stated. Three linguistically different requirements exist for three different assertions parties make in their pleadings.

Reliance on the plain language of the different rules is well-founded in this context — after all, the Supreme Court relied on the plain text of Rule 8(a) in the Twombly opinion itself. See 550 U.S. at 556-57, 127 S.Ct. 1955 (parsing the Rule’s text). That language counsels against importing the Twombly standard when analyzing affirmative defenses. One canon of interpretation— expressio unius est exclusio alterius — suggests Rule 8’s language connotes different pleading standards. See Joe Ryan Enterprises, 281 F.R.D. at 663. The Rules must be read as a whole, and the text of one provision affects analysis of its neighbor. See Agility Def. & Gov. Servs. v. U.S. Dep’t of Def., 739 F.3d 586, 589-90 (11th Cir.2013) (emphasizing that text must be read as a whole and construed to give each provision meaning). Applying two legal standards in the context of two differing texts gives meaning to their differences.

[545]*545The courts that have transferred Twombly’s heightened standard have often done so partially for policy reasons. See, e.g., Racick, 270 F.R.D. at 234 (considering factors of “fairness, common sense and litigation efficiency” in deciding proper standard). To the extent the language of the Rules is discernable or definite, the text alone governs any decision. “The judiciary is commissioned to interpret the Rules as they are written, not to re-draft them when it may be convenient.” Joe Ryan Enterprises, 281 F.R.D. at 663.

Yet even if prudential factors were considered, they would counsel the adoption of two different standards for Rules 8(a)(2) and 8(c). Other courts have found it unfair that a plaintiff and a defendant would stand on unequal footing in their initial pleadings. See Racick, 270 F.R.D. at 234. But a plaintiff may have years to develop and research her claims before filing a complaint, while a defendant often has only twenty-one days to respond. Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(a)(1). Holding that defendant to a lower standard of factual specificity is both fair and sensible.

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Bluebook (online)
297 F.R.D. 541, 2014 WL 504399, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18096, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/tomason-v-stanley-gasd-2014.