Thomas v. Smith

CourtDistrict Court, E.D. Michigan
DecidedOctober 16, 2024
Docket2:20-cv-10128
StatusUnknown

This text of Thomas v. Smith (Thomas v. Smith) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, E.D. Michigan primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Thomas v. Smith, (E.D. Mich. 2024).

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION

ROMERO MONTE THOMAS-EL, Civil Action No. 20-10128 Plaintiff, F. Kay Behm v. United States District Judge

DOUGLAS SMITH, et al., David R. Grand United States Magistrate Judge Defendants. __________________________________/

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION TO GRANT DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT (ECF No. 255) This is a prisoner civil rights case brought by pro se plaintiff Romero M. Thomas- El (“Thomas-El”) against Michigan Department of Corrections’ (“MDOC”) employees Douglas Smith, Jeremy Howard, Michelle L. Parsons, V. McCabe, Kimberly Napier, Shawn Brewer, Anthony Stewart, Robin Gilbert, Kenneth T. McKee, and Lloyd Rapelje (collectively, “Defendants”). The case is now on remand from the Sixth Circuit on one claim only – a due process claim as it relates to Thomas-El’s alleged indefinite placement in administrative segregation at the Baraga Correctional Facility (“AMF”).1 As brief background, on April 16, 2020, the Court screened Thomas-El’s amended

1 During this case’s initial screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A(b)(1), the Court dismissed Thomas-El’s administrative segregation due process claim and all of his other federal claims except for his First Amendment retaliation claim, and dismissed without prejudice his state law claims. (ECF No. 12). After discovery on the First Amendment retaliation claim, the remaining defendants moved for summary judgment, which the Court granted. (ECF No. 217). On appeal, the Sixth Circuit upheld the dismissal of Thomas-El’s claims except his administrative segregation due process claim, and remanded the case to this Court for further proceedings on that claim only. (ECF No. 247). Accordingly, this Report and Recommendation will limit its focus to Thomas-El’s administrative segregation due process claim. complaint pursuant to §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A(b)(1), and dismissed his due process claims, explaining: [Thomas-El] alleges that defendants Smith, Howard, Parsons, McCabe, Napier, Brewer, Stewart, Gilbert, and McKee violated his procedural due process rights because he was given a Level 5 security classification, transferred to another prison, and put in administrative segregation without an opportunity to be present and submit argument at an administrative hearing.

The Federal Due Process Clause “protects persons against deprivations of life, liberty, or property; and those who seek to invoke its procedural protection must establish that one of these interests is at stake.” Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209, 221 (2005). A prisoner does not have a constitutional right to be incarcerated in a particular facility or to be held in a specific security classification. See Olim v. Wakinekona, 461 U.S. 238, 245 (1983); Moody v. Daggett, 429 U.S. 78, 88 n.9 (1976); Meachum v. Fano, 427 U.S. 215, 228–29 (1976); Harris v. Truesdell, 79 F. App’x 756, 759 (6th Cir. 2003). A prisoner does not have a protected liberty interest in the procedures affecting his classification and security because the resulting restraint does not impose an “atypical and significant hardship on the inmate in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life.” Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 484 (1995); see also Harbin–Bey v. Rutter, 420 F.3d 571, 577 (6th Cir. 2005).

Likewise, confinement in segregation generally does not constitute an “atypical and significant” hardship, see, e.g., Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 9 (1992), except in “extreme circumstances, such as when the prisoner’s complaint alleges that he is subject to an indefinite administrative segregation” or that such confinement was excessively long in duration without justification. Joseph v. Curtin, 410 F. App’x 865, 868 (6th Cir. 2010); Harris v. Truesdell, 79 F. App’x 756, 759 (6th Cir. 2003). In this case, plaintiff does not allege that he is being held in administrative segregation indefinitely or that he was held in administrative segregation for an excessively long period of time without justification.

In Rimmer–Bey v. Brown, 62 F.3d 789, 790-91 (6th Cir. 1995), the Sixth Circuit reviewed a Michigan prisoner’s claim that the mandatory language of the MDOC’s regulations created a liberty interest that he receive notice and a hearing before being placed in administrative segregation. The court held that regardless of the mandatory language of the prison regulations, the inmate did not have a liberty interest because his placement in administrative segregation did not constitute an atypical and significant hardship within the context of his prison life. Without a protected liberty interest, a plaintiff cannot successfully claim that his due process rights were violated because “[p]rocess is not an end in itself.” Olim, 461 U.S. at 250. Because plaintiff does not have a constitutionally protected liberty interest in being incarcerated in a particular prison, being held in a particular security classification, or being free from placement in administrative segregation, he fails to state a viable federal procedural due process claim.

(ECF No. 12, PageID.194).

After the case proceeded through discovery and summary judgment was granted in the Defendants’ favor on Thomas-El’s First Amendment retaliation claim, Thomas-El appealed to the Sixth Circuit, arguing, in relevant part, that the Court had erred in dismissing his administrative segregation due process claim on initial screening. On appeal, the Sixth Circuit summarized the relevant allegations in Thomas-El’s complaint as to his due process claim, as follows: Thomas-El’s allegations center on his time incarcerated at the G. Robert Cotton Correctional Facility (JCF) and the Baraga Maximum Correctional Facility (AMF). In February 2017, while incarcerated at JCF with a Level IV security classification, Thomas-El filed a grievance complaining that his library access had been discontinued. Smith responded, writing that “Thomas[-El] was taken off his Friday law library callout for lack of use on 1/28/2017. He was back on the call- out for Fridays on 2/15/17.

On March 12, 2017, Thomas-El filed another grievance, complaining that Smith failed to give him an original copy of his February grievance. In response, prison officials noted that Smith had provided Thomas-El with three copies of his February grievance after the original copy had been lost.

On April 24, 2017, MDOC transferred Thomas-El from JCF to AMF. Howard averred that Thomas-El was transferred “to make room at JCF for an incoming prisoner with an upcoming discharge from MDOC custody, Watts #827604.” Thomas-El’s security classification, upon his arrival at AMF, was set at Level V in view of several misconduct tickets, as well as a determination that Thomas-El “could not be managed at a reduced custody level.” Parsons reviewed Thomas-El’s Level V security classification, and Howard approved it. Gilbert signed the order transferring Thomas-El to AMF.

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Related

Meachum v. Fano
427 U.S. 215 (Supreme Court, 1976)
Moody v. Daggett
429 U.S. 78 (Supreme Court, 1976)
Olim v. Wakinekona
461 U.S. 238 (Supreme Court, 1983)
Thomas v. Arn
474 U.S. 140 (Supreme Court, 1986)
Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.
477 U.S. 242 (Supreme Court, 1986)
Hudson v. McMillian
503 U.S. 1 (Supreme Court, 1992)
Sandin v. Conner
515 U.S. 472 (Supreme Court, 1995)
Woodford v. Ngo
548 U.S. 81 (Supreme Court, 2006)
Jones v. Bock
549 U.S. 199 (Supreme Court, 2007)
Rimmer-Bey v. Brown
62 F.3d 789 (Sixth Circuit, 1995)
Keith Harbin-Bey v. Lyle Rutter
420 F.3d 571 (Sixth Circuit, 2005)
Wilkinson v. Austin
545 U.S. 209 (Supreme Court, 2005)

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Bluebook (online)
Thomas v. Smith, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/thomas-v-smith-mied-2024.