Taxson v. Taxson

30 Va. Cir. 134, 1993 Va. Cir. LEXIS 39
CourtFairfax County Circuit Court
DecidedFebruary 3, 1993
DocketCase No. (Law) 114910
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 30 Va. Cir. 134 (Taxson v. Taxson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Fairfax County Circuit Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Taxson v. Taxson, 30 Va. Cir. 134, 1993 Va. Cir. LEXIS 39 (Va. Super. Ct. 1993).

Opinion

BY JUDGE ROSEMARIE ANNUNZIATA

This matter is before the Court on defendants’ demurrer to plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment. Plaintiff is suing defendant on two counts. Count I alleges that the defendant breached the parties’ Property Settlement Agreement. Count II alleges intentional infliction of emotional distress. For the reasons stated below, the demurrers are sustained.

A demurrer tests the sufficiency of the allegations made in a motion for judgment. Mankin v. Aldridge, 127 Va. 761, 764 (1920); Elliott v. Shore Stop, Inc., 238 Va. 237, 244 (1989). When considering a demurrer, a court must take the allegations in the motion for judgment as true. Waller v. Welch, 154 Va. 652, 661 (1930); Elliott, at 240. Although Virginia courts generally construe the allegations of a motion for judgment liberally, Mankin, at 764-65, a motion for judgment must set forth allegations which are definite enough to state a cognizable cause of action. Greenbrier Farms v. Clarke, 193 Va. 891, 894 (1952); [135]*135Mankirt, at 764-65. The Court must consider the allegations in plaintiffs motion for judgment in light of this standard.

The facts relevant to the issues presented on demurrer are as follows.

The plaintiff, Martin N. Taxson, and the defendant, Nancy G. Tax-son, were divorced by final decree of the Fairfax County Circuit Court dated November 17, 1986. Prior to their divorce, the parties entered a Property Settlement Agreement dated August 5,1986, which settled all property and support matters between them. This agreement was incorporated, but not merged, into the final decree of divorce. The final decree recognizes that the Property Settlement Agreement survives “as an independent contract.”

In Count I of his motion for judgment, plaintiff alleges that defendant breached the Property Settlement Agreement clauses which require defendant to promptly notify plaintiff of important matters regarding their children and to consult plaintiff when making decisions regarding the children. Plaintiff alleges that defendant breached these clauses on several occasions. He alleges that she failed to promptly notify him that their adoptive son had ingested PCP and subsequently required medical attention; that she failed to notify plaintiff of their adoptive daughter’s need for medical attention for a cyst in her breast; that she failed to notify plaintiff that their son assaulted defendant and broke her arm; that she failed to notify plaintiff that their son appeared before the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court pursuant to tins assault and that he pleaded guilty to the assault charge; that she failed to consult plaintiff on important matters concerning their children; and, that she interfered with plaintiff’s visitation and decision making rights. Plaintiff also alleges that defendant wrongfully used plaintiff’s Erol’s video store account contrary to a clause forbidding the parties from incurring debts for which the other could be held liable.

Plaintiff alleges that defendant’s acts in breach of the Property Settlement Agreement have resulted in attorneys fees and costs to enforce the agreement in the excess of $15,000. Plaintiff alleges that he was obligated to make spousal support payments to defendant and payments on a deed of trust securing defendant’s residence in accordance with the Property Settlement Agreement contract. Plaintiff prays for $231,220.84 damages for defendant’s alleged breach of the Property Settlement Agreement, plus $15,000 for attorney’s fees. The claim for compensatory damages reflects, in part, the amounts plaintiff was [136]*136obligated to pay in support under the contract. Plaintiff also asks the Court to declare the respective rights and obligations remaining between the parties.

Plaintiff alleges as Count II of his Motion for Judgment that defendant has intentionally inflicted emotional distress on the plaintiff by her alleged acts in breach of the Property Settlement Agreement. Plaintiff alleges that defendant’s acts were “wrongful, willful, intentional, malicious, vindictive, outrageous and intolerable” and that defendant “knew or should have known that her actions would result in severe emotional distress to the plaintiff.” Plaintiff prays for $231,220.84 in compensatory damages, $15,000 for attorney’s fees, and $738,662.52 for treble punitive damages as to Count II.

Where a Property Settlement Agreement has been incorporated but not merged into a final decree of divorce, the parties may elect to sue on the contract for damages, Doherty v. Doherty, 9 Va. App. 97, 99-100 (1989), and all general principles of contract law will apply. Gloth v. Gloth, 154 Va. 511, 548-49 (1930); Dziarnowski v. Dziarnowski, — Va. App. — (1992). To maintain a suit for damages resulting from a breach of contract, a plaintiff must allege a contract between the parties, defendant’s breach, and damages which may naturally flow from the breach. Shenandoah Co. v. Phosphate Corp., 161 Va. 642, 650 (1933).

In the present case, plaintiff alleges a contract was entered info between the parties and alleges various acts by the defendant involving her interference with his parental relationship with the parties’ children and her incurrence of certain debts, which, if true, constitute a breach of that contract. In claiming damages, plaintiff contends such breaches excuse him from performance of his support obligation under the Property Settlement Agreement. The resolution of this issue depends on whether the terms of the agreement are independent or dependent. Lindey and Parley, Lindley on Separation Agreements and Anti Nuptual Agreements, vol. 2, § 25.02 at 25-7 to 25-8. If the provisions, and the consideration for them, are interdependent, defendant’s failure to perform her obligations may indeed discharge the plaintiff from his obligations under the contract and sustain his claim for damages. See id.; Shelton v. Stewart, 193 Va. 162, 167 (1951); Shenandoah Co. v. Phosphate Corp., supra. The question is one of intent, to be determined from the situation of the parties, the subject matter of the agreement, the object which the parties intended [137]*137to accomplish, and the language which the parties have used. McGuire v. Brown, 114 Va. 235, 241 (1912); Eschner v. Eschner, 146 Va. 416, 421-422 (1926) (While the terms of a property settlement agreement are presumed to be independent,1 the parties may contract to treat contract terms as dependent.); see also Gloth v. Gloth, 154 Va. 511, 549 (1930); Lindley and Parley, supra at 25-7 to 25-8; 24 Am. Jur. 2d, Divorce and Separation, § 861.

Addressing this issue in his pleading, plaintiff alleges that the Property Settlement Agreement provides that breach of one provision constitutes breach of the entire agreement. On demurrer, this allegation must be taken as rebutting the presumption that the terms of a property settlement agreement are independent.2 Id. It must also be taken as sufficient to set forth a contract which is entire, with provisions that are mutually dependent. Thus, the plaintiff’s claim may not be precluded on this ground..

Defendant further contends, however, that even if a breach of contract has been pleaded, the plaintiff is not entitled to recovery as his pleadings establish that he himself has failed to perform. See Hurley v. Bennett, 163 Va.

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Related

Taxson v. Taxson
31 Va. Cir. 348 (Fairfax County Circuit Court, 1993)

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Bluebook (online)
30 Va. Cir. 134, 1993 Va. Cir. LEXIS 39, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/taxson-v-taxson-vaccfairfax-1993.